## Beitzah Daf 23b

###### Beitzah 23b:1
[Beitzah 23b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:1)

**מַתְנִי׳** הָרֵחַיִם שֶׁל פִּלְפְּלִין, טְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם שְׁלֹשָׁה כֵּלִים: מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי קִבּוּל, וּמִשּׁוּם כְּלִי מַתֶּכֶת, וּמִשּׁוּם כְּלִי כְּבָרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **The** aforementioned **pepper mill** is a composite vessel, and each of its parts must be considered independently with respect to ritual impurity. It **is susceptible to ritual impurity because of** each of the **three vessels** of which it is comprised: It is susceptible to impurity **because** it is a wooden **receptacle,** it is susceptible to impurity **because** it is **a metal vessel, and** it is susceptible to impurity **because** it is **a sieve.**


###### Beitzah 23b:2
[Beitzah 23b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:2)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנָא: תַּחְתּוֹנָה — מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי קִבּוּל, אֶמְצָעִית — מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי כְּבָרָה, עֶלְיוֹנָה — מִשּׁוּם כְּלִי מַתֶּכֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** A Sage **taught:** The **lower** section of the mill is susceptible to impurity **because** it is viewed as **a receptacle,** since the ground pepper descends into it. **The middle** section is susceptible to impurity **because** it is **a sieve,** as it serves to filter the pepper. Finally, the **upper** part, in which the pepper is actually ground, is susceptible to impurity **because** it is **a metal vessel.** Although it is not a receptacle, it is nevertheless susceptible to impurity, since it is made of metal.


###### Beitzah 23b:3
[Beitzah 23b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:3)

**מַתְנִי׳** עֲגָלָה שֶׁל קָטָן — טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, וְנִטֶּלֶת בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאֵינָהּ נִגְרֶרֶת אֶלָּא עַל גַּבֵּי כֵלִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **A child’s wagon,** with which he plays and upon which he also sits, **is susceptible to ritual impurity** imparted by **treading.** It is considered a fixed seat of the child, so that if the child is a *zav* and he sits on the wagon, it contracts the ritual impurity imparted by the treading of a *zav*. **And** this wagon **may be handled on Shabbat,** as it is considered a vessel. **And it may be dragged** on the ground on Shabbat **only upon cloth,** a stone pavement, or the like, as otherwise it would create a furrow when dragged, and one would be liable due to the prohibited labor of plowing.


###### Beitzah 23b:4
[Beitzah 23b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:4)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: כׇּל הַכֵּלִים אֵין נִגְרָרִין, חוּץ מִן הָעֲגָלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כּוֹבֶשֶׁת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yehuda says:** For this reason, **no vessels may be dragged** on the ground on Shabbat **except for a wagon,** which is permitted **because** its wheels do not make a furrow in the ground but merely **press** the earth down. Since no earth is moved from its place, this is not considered digging or plowing on Shabbat.


###### Beitzah 23b:5
[Beitzah 23b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:5)

**גְּמָ׳** עֲגָלָה שֶׁל קָטָן — טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, דְּהָא סָמֵיךְ עִלָּוַיהּ. וְנִטֶּלֶת בְּשַׁבָּת, מִשּׁוּם דְּאִיכָּא תּוֹרַת כְּלִי עֲלַהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** It is taught in the mishna that **a child’s wagon is susceptible to ritual impurity** imparted by **treading.** Why? It is **because he leans on it.** The mishna also teaches that this wagon **may be handled on Shabbat.** Why? It is **because it has the status of a vessel,** and one may handle a vessel on Shabbat.


###### Beitzah 23b:6
[Beitzah 23b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:6)

וְאֵינָהּ נִגְרֶרֶת אֶלָּא עַל גַּבֵּי כֵלִים. עַל גַּבֵּי כֵלִים — אִין, עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע — לָא. מַאי טַעְמָא, דְּקָא עָבֵיד חָרִיץ. מַנִּי? רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הִיא, דְּאָמַר: דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין מִתְכַּוֵּין — אָסוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna further teaches that a child’s wagon **may be dragged** on Shabbat **only upon cloth.** The Gemara infers: **Upon cloth, yes,** it is permitted; but directly **on the ground, no,** it is not permitted. **What is the reason** for this *halakha*? It is **because he creates a furrow** in the ground when he drags the wagon across it. The Gemara asks: In accordance with **whose** opinion is this mishna? **It is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda, who said: An unintentional act,** i.e., a permitted action from which an unintended prohibited labor ensues on Shabbat, **is prohibited,** even though the person performing it does not have the prohibited labor in mind.


###### Beitzah 23b:7
[Beitzah 23b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:7)

דְּאִי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, הָאָמַר: דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין מִתְכַּוֵּין — מוּתָּר. (דִּתְנַן) רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: גּוֹרֵר אָדָם מִטָּה כִּסֵּא וְסַפְסָל, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּין לַעֲשׂוֹת חָרִיץ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As, if** it were in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon, didn’t he say: An unintentional act is permitted,** since there was no intention to perform the prohibited action? **As we learned** explicitly in a mishna that **Rabbi Shimon says: A person may drag a bed, a chair, or a bench** on the ground, **provided that he does not intend to make a furrow.** Even if one forms a furrow unwittingly, one need not be concerned, as this was not his intention.


###### Beitzah 23b:8
[Beitzah 23b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:8)

אֵימָא סֵיפָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אֵין הַכֹּל נִגְרָרִין בְּשַׁבָּת, חוּץ מִן הָעֲגָלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כּוֹבֶשֶׁת. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכּוֹבֶשֶׁת — אִין, אֲבָל חָרִיץ — לָא עָבְדָא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, **say the latter clause** of the mishna as follows: **Rabbi Yehuda says: No vessels may be dragged** on the ground **on Shabbat except for a wagon, because it** merely **presses** the earth down. This is not prohibited as plowing because it does not create a furrow. This indicates that a wagon may be dragged on the ground on Shabbat **because, yes, it presses** the earth down, **but it does not make a furrow.** Since it has already been established that the first section of the mishna is also in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, and there it appears that a wagon dragged along the ground makes a furrow, Rabbi Yehuda seems to contradict himself.


###### Beitzah 23b:9
[Beitzah 23b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:9)

תְּרֵי תַנָּאֵי, וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: It must be explained that this is a dispute between **two *tanna’im*** who hold **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda** but differ with regard to the content of that opinion. The first *tanna* holds that even a wagon makes a furrow, whereas the other *tanna* maintains in the name of Rabbi Yehuda that a wagon does not make a furrow.


###### Beitzah 23b:10
[Beitzah 23b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:10)

**הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ יוֹם טוֹב**


###### Beitzah 23b:11
[Beitzah 23b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:11)

**אֵין צָדִין** דָּגִים מִן הַבִּיבָרִים בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵיהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One may not trap fish from** their **ponds on a Festival** even with the intention of eating them, as this falls into the category of hunting, a type of labor that is not permitted on a Festival. **Nor may one place food before them,** as it is not his duty to feed them; rather, they maintain themselves by eating smaller fish or different types of algae that grow in the water.


###### Beitzah 23b:12
[Beitzah 23b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:12)

אֲבָל צָדִין חַיָּה וְעוֹף מִן הַבִּיבָרִין, וְנוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵיהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**However, one may trap an animal or a bird from** their **enclosures [*beivarim*],** as they are viewed as already captured, and therefore the action is not considered an act of hunting. **And one may** also **place food before them** as one does for other household animals.


###### Beitzah 23b:13
[Beitzah 23b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Beitzah/r/23b:13)

רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: לֹא כָּל הַבִּיבָרִין שָׁוִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל: כׇּל

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Not all enclosures are identical** with respect to the *halakhot* of hunting. **This is the principle:** With regard to **any** animal