## Bekhorot Daf 2a

###### Bekhorot 2a:1
[Bekhorot 2a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:1)

מַתְנִי׳ **הַלּוֹקֵחַ עוּבַּר חֲמוֹרוֹ** שֶׁל נָכְרִי, וְהַמּוֹכֵר לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי, הַמִּשְׁתַּתֵּף לוֹ, וְהַמְקַבֵּל הֵימֶנּוּ, וְהַנּוֹתֵן לוֹ בְּקַבָּלָה — פָּטוּר מִן הַבְּכוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל״, אֲבָל לֹא בַּאֲחֵרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** With regard to **one who purchases the fetus of a donkey that belongs to a gentile, and one who sells** the fetus of his donkey **to** a gentile **although he is not permitted** to sell a large animal to a gentile, and **one who enters into a partnership with** a gentile in ownership of a donkey or its fetus, **and one who receives** a donkey **from** a gentile in order to care for it in exchange for partnership in its offspring, **and one who gives** his donkey **to** a gentile **in receivership,** in all of these cases the donkeys are **exempt from the** obligations of **firstborn status,** i.e., they do not have firstborn status and are not redeemed, **as it is stated:** “I sanctified to Me all the firstborn **in Israel,** both man and animal” (Numbers 3:13), indicating that the mitzva is incumbent upon the Jewish people, **but not upon others.** If the firstborn belongs even partially to a gentile, it does not have firstborn status.


###### Bekhorot 2a:2
[Bekhorot 2a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:2)

**גְּמָ׳** כׇּל הָנֵי לְמָה לִי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **Why do I** need **all these** examples in the mishna to demonstrate the principle that a firstborn donkey must belong exclusively to a Jew for the obligations of firstborn status to apply?


###### Bekhorot 2a:3
[Bekhorot 2a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:3)

צְרִיכִי, דְּאִי תְּנָא לוֹקֵחַ — הֲוָה אָמֵינָא מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא מַיְיתֵי לַהּ לִקְדוּשָּׁה, אֲבָל מוֹכֵר דְּקָא מַפְקַע לַהּ מִקְּדוּשָּׁה — אֵימָא לִיקְנְסֵיהּ, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: All of these examples **are necessary. As, had** the *tanna* **taught** that a donkey is exempt from the obligations of firstborn status only in the case where a Jew **purchases** a fetus from a gentile, **I would say** that this is **because** the Jew **brings it to** a state of **sanctity** in that it will not be worked on Shabbat. **But** in the case where a Jew **sells** the fetus of his donkey to a gentile, **where he abrogates** its state of **sanctity,** I would **say** that the Sages **should penalize him [*likneseih*]** for his actions by rendering the fetus subject to the obligations of firstborn status. Therefore, the mishna **teaches us** that it is exempt from these obligations.


###### Bekhorot 2a:4
[Bekhorot 2a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:4)

וְהַמִּשְׁתַּתֵּף לוֹ, לְמָה לִי? לְאַפּוֹקֵי מִדְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּאָמַר: שׁוּתָּפוּת גּוֹיִ חַיֶּיבֶת בִּבְכוֹרָה, קָמַשְׁמַע לַן דִּפְטוּרָה מִן הַבְּכוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And why do I** need the mishna to state the case of **one who enters into a partnership with** a gentile? The case is necessary **to exclude** the opinion **of Rabbi Yehuda, who says:** An animal owned in **partnership** with **a gentile is obligated,** i.e., subject to accounting its offspring **a firstborn.** Therefore, the mishna **teaches us that** it **is exempt from** its offspring being counted **a firstborn.**


###### Bekhorot 2a:5
[Bekhorot 2a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:5)

וְהַמְקַבֵּל, לְמָה לִי? מִשּׁוּם דְּקָא בָּעֵי לְמִיתְנֵי וְהַנּוֹתֵן לוֹ בְּקַבָּלָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And why do I** need the mishna to state that the fetus does not have firstborn status in the case of **one who receives** a donkey from a gentile in exchange for partnership in its offspring? This *halakha* is already included in the previous one. The Gemara answers: It is **because** the *tanna* **wants to teach** in the parallel case of: **And one who gives** his donkey **to** a gentile **in receivership,** that its offspring does not have firstborn status.


###### Bekhorot 2a:6
[Bekhorot 2a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:6)

וְהַנּוֹתֵן לוֹ בְּקַבָּלָה, לְמָה לִי? אִיצְטְרִיךְ, סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: הוֹאִיל וְעִיקַּר בְּהֵמָה דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל הִיא, לִיקְנְסֵיהּ, דִּלְמָא אָתֵי לְאִיחַלּוֹפֵי בִּבְהֵמָה אַחֲרִיתִי, קָמַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And why do I** need the case of **one who gives** his donkey **to** a gentile **in receivership** to be stated? It **was necessary,** because it might **enter your mind to say** that **since the primary animal belongs to the Jew,** the Sages **should penalize him** by treating the offspring as a firstborn and requiring it to be redeemed, **lest** this case **be confused with another** case of an **animal** that the Jew puts in the care of a gentile where the gentile does not own rights to the offspring, and the offspring is counted a firstborn. Therefore, the mishna **teaches us** that he is not penalized.


###### Bekhorot 2a:7
[Bekhorot 2a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:7)

תְּנַן הָתָם: רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בַּשְּׁבוּרָה, בֶּן בְּתִירָא מַתִּיר בַּסּוּס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara cites a discussion where the mishna is used as a proof: **We learned** in a mishna **elsewhere** (*Avoda Zara* 14b) with regard to the prohibition against selling large livestock to a gentile due to concern that it will be worked on Shabbat: **Rabbi Yehuda deems** the sale **of a damaged** animal **permitted** because it is incapable of performing labor, **and ben Beteira deems** the sale **of a horse** for riding **permitted,** because riding a horse on Shabbat is not prohibited by Torah law.


###### Bekhorot 2a:8
[Bekhorot 2a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:8)

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: עוּבָּר מָה לִי אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה? טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הָתָם דְּשָׁרֵי, מִשּׁוּם דִּשְׁבוּרָה, עוּבָּר נָמֵי שָׁבוּר הוּא. אוֹ דִלְמָא: שְׁבוּרָה לָאו הַיְינוּ אוֹרְחֵיהּ, אֲבָל עוּבָּר, כֵּיוָן דְּהַיְינוּ אוֹרְחֵיהּ, לָאו שָׁבוּר הוּא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A dilemma was raised before** the Sages: With regard to **a fetus, what** would **Rabbi Yehuda say to me** about selling it to a gentile? Is the **reason that Rabbi Yehuda deems** selling the animal **permitted there because** it is **damaged** and it cannot work, **and a fetus is also damaged** in the sense that it cannot work? **Or, perhaps** it is permitted to sell **a damaged** animal because **that is not its natural** state; it is defective and is therefore not included in the prohibition against selling large livestock. **But** with regard to **a fetus, since that is its natural** state, and it will become capable of working after growing up, perhaps it **is not** considered **damaged,** as it is not defective.


###### Bekhorot 2a:9
[Bekhorot 2a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:9)

תָּא שְׁמַע: וְהַמּוֹכֵר לוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי. וְלָא פְּלִיג רַבִּי יְהוּדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** a resolution to the dilemma from the mishna: **And one who sells** the fetus of his donkey **to** a gentile, his donkey is exempt from the obligations of firstborn status, **although** the owner **is not permitted** to do so. **And Rabbi Yehuda does not disagree** and claim that he may sell it. Apparently, Rabbi Yehuda agrees that it is prohibited to sell the fetus of one’s animal to a gentile.


###### Bekhorot 2a:10
[Bekhorot 2a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:10)

וְלִיטַעְמָיךְ, הַמִּשְׁתַּתֵּף לוֹ, וְהַמְקַבֵּל מִמֶּנּוּ, וְהַנּוֹתֵן לוֹ בְּקַבָּלָה, דְּלָא קָתָנֵי — הָכִי נָמֵי דְּלָא פְּלִיג?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects the resolution: **And according to your reasoning,** concerning the other cases in the mishna, namely, **one who enters into a partnership with** a gentile, **and one who receives** a donkey **from** a gentile in exchange for partnership in its offspring, **and one who gives** his donkey **to** a gentile **in receivership,** with regard to **which** the mishna **does not teach** that Rabbi Yehuda disagrees, **so too** does this indicate **that he does not disagree** with the ruling in the mishna in these cases? That is impossible, as Rabbi Yehuda holds that an animal subject to a partnership between a Jew and gentile is subject to accounting its offspring a firstborn, as is evident from a *baraita* that will soon be cited.


###### Bekhorot 2a:11
[Bekhorot 2a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:11)

אֶלָּא — פְּלִיג, וְלָא קָתָנֵי. הָכָא נָמֵי — פְּלִיג, וְלָא קָתָנֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** clearly Rabbi Yehuda **does disagree, but** the mishna **does not teach** his opinion. **Here too,** with regard to selling the fetus, **he disagrees, but** the mishna **does not teach** his opinion.


###### Bekhorot 2a:12
[Bekhorot 2a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Bekhorot/r/2a:12)

תָּא שְׁמַע: רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַמְקַבֵּל בְּהֵמָה מִן הַגּוֹי וְיָלְדָה — מַעֲלִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשׇׁוְויוֹ, וְנוֹתֵן חֲצִי דָּמָיו לַכֹּהֵן. וְהַנּוֹתֵן לוֹ בְּקַבָּלָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי — קוֹנְסִים אוֹתוֹ עַד עֲשָׂרָה בְּדָמָיו, וְנוֹתֵן כׇּל דָּמָיו לַכֹּהֵן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** a resolution from a *baraita*: **Rabbi Yehuda says** that in the case of **one who receives an animal from a gentile** in order to care for it and receives some of the offspring in exchange for his work, **and it gave birth** to a firstborn, **they assess its value, and** the Jew **gives half of its value to the priest** to redeem his portion, which is sanctified by the firstborn status. **And** in the case of **one who gives** the gentile an animal **in receivership even though he is not permitted** to do so, the Sages **penalize him** by requiring that he purchase the gentile’s portion of the animal for **up to ten** times **its value, and he gives all of its value to the priest.**