## Berakhot Daf 43a

###### Berakhot 43a:1
[Berakhot 43a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:1)

אַהְדַּר קִרְעֵיהּ לַאֲחוֹרֵיהּ, וּקְרַע קְרִיעָה אַחֲרִינָא. אֲמַר: נָח נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְּרַב, וּבִרְכַּת מְזוֹנָא לָא גָּמְרִינַן. עַד דַּאֲתָא הָהוּא סָבָא, רְמָא לְהוּ מַתְנִיתִין אַבָּרַיְיתָא, וְשַׁנִּי לְהוּ: כֵּיוָן דְּאָמְרִי ״נֵיזִיל וְנֵיכוֹל לַחְמָא בְּדוּךְ פְּלָן״ — כְּהֵסַבּוּ דָּמֵי.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
and **reversed** his cloak, so that **his tear** which he had rent in mourning of Rav was **behind him, and** in mourning, **he rent another tear** in his garment. **He said: Rav is dead, and we have not** yet **learned** the *halakhot* of the **Grace after Meals. Until, this elder came and raised a contradiction** from **the mishna to the *baraita*,** as cited above, **and he resolved it for them: Since they said: Let us go and eat in such-and-such a place,** it is considered **as if they reclined.**


###### Berakhot 43a:2
[Berakhot 43a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:2)

הֵסַבּוּ, אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ. אָמַר רַב: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא פַּת דְּבָעֵי הֲסִבָּה, אֲבָל יַיִן לָא בָּעֵי הֲסִבָּה. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ יַיִן נָמֵי בָּעֵי הֲסִבָּה.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
We learned in the mishna: **If they were reclined, one recites a blessing** on behalf of them all. **Rav said: This** *halakha* **was only taught** with regard to **bread that** it **requires reclining** to enable one to recite a blessing on behalf of them all. **However, wine does not require reclining. And Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Even wine requires reclining as well.**


###### Berakhot 43a:3
[Berakhot 43a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:3)

אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא פַּת — דְּמַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה. אֲבָל יַיִן — לָא מַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ יַיִן נָמֵי מַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**Some say** that **Rav said:** The mishna **only taught that reclining is effective** and enables one to recite a blessing on behalf of them all, with regard to a group eating **bread. However,** with regard to a group drinking **wine, reclining is ineffective** and each individual must recite a blessing for himself. **And Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Even** with regard to **wine, reclining is effective.**


###### Berakhot 43a:4
[Berakhot 43a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:4)

מֵיתִיבִי: כֵּיצַד סֵדֶר הֲסִבָּה? — אוֹרְחִין נִכְנָסִין וְיוֹשְׁבִין עַל גַּבֵּי סַפְסָלִין וְעַל גַּבֵּי קָתֶדְרָאוֹת עַד שֶׁיִּכָּנְסוּ כּוּלָּם. הֵבִיאוּ לָהֶם מַיִם — כׇּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד נוֹטֵל יָדוֹ אַחַת. בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן — כׇּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ. עָלוּ וְהֵסַבּוּ וּבָא לָהֶם מַיִם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד נָטַל יָדוֹ אַחַת, חוֹזֵר וְנוֹטֵל שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו. בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן — אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בֵּרַךְ לְעַצְמוֹ, אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכוּלָּם.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** based on a *Tosefta*: **What is the order of reclining** at a meal? The **guests enter and sit upon benches and chairs [*katedraot*] until all are assembled.** Afterward, **they brought them water and each and every one washes one hand** in which to hold the cup of wine. When **wine came before them** prior to the meal, **each and every one recites a blessing** over the wine **for himself.** Then, when **they entered and reclined** on the divans for the meal itself, **and water came before them, despite** the fact **that each and every one** already **washed one hand, they wash both hands again** prior to the meal, so that they will be able to eat with both hands. If **wine came before them** during the meal, **despite** the fact **that each and every one** already **recited a blessing for himself, one recites a blessing on behalf of them all.**


###### Berakhot 43a:5
[Berakhot 43a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:5)

לְהַאֵיךְ לִישָּׁנָא דְּאָמַר רַב לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא פַּת דְּבָעֵי הֲסִבָּה, אֲבָל יַיִן לָא בָּעֵי הֲסִבָּה — קַשְׁיָא רֵישָׁא!

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
If so, **according to that version** that **Rav said: This** *halakha* **was only taught** with regard to **bread that** it **requires reclining** to enable one to recite a blessing on behalf of them all. **However, wine does not require reclining; the first clause** of the *Tosefta*, which taught that each guest recites a blessing over the wine for himself, **is difficult.**


###### Berakhot 43a:6
[Berakhot 43a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:6)

שָׁאנֵי אוֹרְחִין דְּדַעְתַּיְיהוּ לְמִיעְקַר.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The Gemara answers: **Guests are different, as** when they are sitting in the hall prior to the meal, **their intention is to leave** and enter the dining room. Therefore, while there, their drinking together is not considered a joint meal.


###### Berakhot 43a:7
[Berakhot 43a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:7)

וּלְהַאֵיךְ לִישָּׁנָא דְּאָמַר רַב לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא פַּת, דְּמַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה, אֲבָל יַיִן לָא מַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה — קַשְׁיָא סֵיפָא!

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**And according to the version** that **Rav said:** The mishna **only taught that reclining is effective** and enables one to recite a blessing on behalf of them all, with regard to a group eating **bread. However,** with regard to a group drinking **wine, reclining is ineffective** and each individual must recite a blessing for himself; **the latter clause** of the *Tosefta*, which taught that when drinking wine when reclining, one recites a blessing on behalf of all, **is difficult.**


###### Berakhot 43a:8
[Berakhot 43a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:8)

שָׁאנֵי הָתָם, דְּמִגּוֹ דְּקָא מַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה לְפַת — מַהְנְיָא לֵיהּ הֲסִבָּה לְיַיִן.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The Gemara responds: **There it is different, as since reclining is effective** and enables one to recite a blessing on behalf of them all **for bread, reclining is effective for wine** as well.


###### Berakhot 43a:9
[Berakhot 43a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:9)

בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן. שָׁאֲלוּ אֶת בֶּן זוֹמָא: מִפְּנֵי מָה אָמְרוּ בָּא לָהֶם יַיִן בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּזוֹן — כׇּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְעַצְמוֹ, לְאַחַר הַמָּזוֹן — אֶחָד מְבָרֵךְ לְכוּלָּם? אָמַר לָהֶם: הוֹאִיל וְאֵין בֵּית הַבְּלִיעָה פָּנוּי.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
We learned in the mishna: If **wine came before them during the meal,** each and every diner recites a blessing over the wine for himself. If the wine came after the meal, one recites a blessing on behalf of them all. The *Tosefta* relates: **They asked Ben Zoma: Why did** the Sages **say:** If **wine came before them during the meal, each and every** diner **recites a blessing** over the wine **for himself;** but if the wine came **after the meal, one recites a blessing on behalf of them all? He said to them:** This is **because** while eating, **the throat is not available.** If one recites a blessing on behalf of them all, he would be forced to wait until they all had finished eating and readied themselves to drink the wine together (*Tosafot*). To prevent imposing upon them, the Sages ruled that there is no need to recite the blessing together.


###### Berakhot 43a:10
[Berakhot 43a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:10)

וְהוּא אוֹמֵר עַל הַמּוּגְמָר כּוּ׳. מִדְּקָתָנֵי ״וְהוּא אוֹמֵר עַל הַמּוּגְמָר״, מִכְלָל דְּאִיכָּא עֲדִיף מִינֵּיהּ, וְאַמַּאי!

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The mishna teaches: **And he,** who recited the blessing over the wine, also **recites** the blessing **over the incense,** although they bring the incense only after the meal. The Gemara asks: **From** the fact **that**the mishna**teaches: And he recites** the blessing **over the incense, it can be inferred** that **there is** someone who should **take precedence over him,** to recite the blessing. That is why the mishna must emphasize that it is he who recites the blessing. **And** **why** does the one who recited the blessing over the wine nevertheless recite the blessing over the incense?


###### Berakhot 43a:11
[Berakhot 43a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:11)

הוֹאִיל וְהוּא נָטַל יָדָיו תְּחִלָּה בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The Gemara responds: **Since he washed his hands first after** the meal, prior to Grace after Meals, he also recites the blessing over the incense, as the washing of hands after the meal and the burning of the incense serve similar functions.


###### Berakhot 43a:12
[Berakhot 43a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:12)

מְסַיַּיע לֵיהּ לְרַב, דְּאָמַר רַב חִיָּיא בַּר אָשֵׁי אָמַר רַב: הַנּוֹטֵל יָדָיו תְּחִלָּה בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה — הוּא מְזוּמָּן לַבְּרָכָה. רַב וְרַבִּי חִיָּיא הֲווֹ יָתְבִי קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי בִּסְעוֹדְתָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי לְרַב: קוּם מְשִׁי יְדָךְ. חַזְיֵיהּ דַּהֲוָה מְרַתֵּת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא: בַּר פַּחֲתֵי, עַיֵּין בְּבִרְכַּת מְזוֹנָא קָאָמַר לָךְ.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The Gemara comments: This **supports** the opinion **of Rav, as Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi says** that **Rav says: He who washes his hands first after** the meal **is designated to recite the blessing** of Grace after Meals. Evidently, being given priority in performing one mitzva related to the meal results in that same person being given priority with regard to other *mitzvot* related to the meal. The Gemara relates: **Rav and Rabbi Ḥiyya were seated before Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi at a meal. Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **said to Rav: Stand and wash your hands.** Rabbi Ḥiyya **saw** that Rav **was trembling,** as Rav thought that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi was criticizing him for eating too much or for having dirty hands. **Rabbi Ḥiyya said** to Rav: **Son of noblemen, he is telling you**to**review Grace after Meals.** As you will be the one reciting Grace after Meals, he told you to wash your hands first.


###### Berakhot 43a:13
[Berakhot 43a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:13)

אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא אָמַר רָבָא בַּר יִרְמְיָה: מֵאֵימָתַי מְבָרְכִין עַל הָרֵיחַ — מִשֶּׁתַּעֲלֶה תִּמְרָתוֹ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא לְרָבָא בַּר יִרְמְיָה: וְהָא לָא אֲרַח? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וּלְטַעְמָיךְ, ״הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ״ דִּמְבָרֵךְ וְהָא לָא אֲכַל! אֶלָּא דַּעְתֵּיהּ לְמֵיכַל, הָכָא נָמֵי דַּעְתֵּיהּ לְאוֹרוֹחֵי.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
Having mentioned the blessing over incense, the Gemara proceeds to discuss various *halakhot* that deal with blessings recited over scents. **Rabbi Zeira said** that **Rava bar Yirmeya said: From when does one recite the blessing over the scent** of incense? **From when its column** of smoke **rises** after the incense has been placed upon the coals. **Rabbi Zeira said to Rava bar Yirmeya: But** at that point, **he has not** yet **smelled it.** Rava bar Yirmeya **said to him: And according to your reasoning,** the blessing: **Who brings forth bread from the earth, that one recites** before eating bread, at that point, **he has not yet eaten** from it. **Rather,** in that case, one recites the blessing when **he intends to eat; here too, he intends to smell.**


###### Berakhot 43a:14
[Berakhot 43a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:14)

אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בְּרֵיהּ דְּאַבָּא בַּר נַחְמָנִי אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר רַב, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר זְעֵירִי: כׇּל הַמּוּגְמָרוֹת מְבָרְכִין עֲלֵיהֶן ״בּוֹרֵא עֲצֵי בְּשָׂמִים״ חוּץ מִמּוּשְׁק, שֶׁמִּין חַיָּה הוּא, שֶׁמְּבָרְכִין עָלָיו ״בּוֹרֵא מִינֵי בְּשָׂמִים״.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**Rabbi Ḥiyya, son of Abba bar Naḥmani, said** that **Rav Ḥisda said** that **Rav said, and some say that Rav Ḥisda said** that **Ze’iri said: Over all the incense one recites: Who creates fragrant trees, except for musk,** which **is** extracted **from a living creature,** and over which **one recites: Who creates various spices.**


###### Berakhot 43a:15
[Berakhot 43a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:15)

מֵיתִיבִי: אֵין מְבָרְכִין ״בּוֹרֵא עֲצֵי בְּשָׂמִים״ אֶלָּא עַל אֲפַרְסְמוֹן שֶׁל בֵּית רַבִּי, וְעַל אֲפַרְסְמוֹן שֶׁל בֵּית קֵיסָר, וְעַל הַהֲדַס שֶׁבְּכָל מָקוֹם!

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**The Gemara raises an objection** based on what was taught in a *baraita*: **One only recites: Who creates fragrant trees, over the balsam from the house of Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, **and over balsam from the house of Caesar and over myrtle everywhere.** According to the previous statement, one recites that blessing over all types of incense.


###### Berakhot 43a:16
[Berakhot 43a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:16)

תְּיוּבְתָּא.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
The Gemara comments: Indeed, it is a **conclusive refutation.**


###### Berakhot 43a:17
[Berakhot 43a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:17)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב חִסְדָּא לְרַב יִצְחָק: הַאי מִשְׁחָא דַאֲפַרְסְמוֹן מַאי מְבָרְכִין עִלָּוֵיהּ? אָמַר לֵיהּ, הָכִי אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: ״בּוֹרֵא שֶׁמֶן אַרְצֵנוּ״. אָמַר לֵיהּ: בַּר מִינֵּיהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה דַּחֲבִיבָא לֵיהּ אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא מַאי?

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**Rav Ḥisda said to Rav Yitzḥak: This balsam oil, what blessing does one recite over it?** Rav Yitzḥak **said to him, this is what Rav Yehuda said:** One recites: **Who creates the oil of our land,** as balsam only grew in Eretz Yisrael, in the Jordan valley. Rav Ḥisda **said to him: Except for Rav Yehuda, for whom Eretz Yisrael was** extremely **beloved** and who therefore mentioned it in his blessing, **what** blessing does **everyone** else recite over balsam oil?


###### Berakhot 43a:18
[Berakhot 43a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:18)

אָמַר לֵיהּ: הָכִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: ״בּוֹרֵא שֶׁמֶן עָרֵב״.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**He said to him: This is what Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** One recites: **Who creates pleasant oil.**


###### Berakhot 43a:19
[Berakhot 43a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Berakhot/r/43a:19)

אָמַר רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה: הַאי כְּשַׁרְתָּא מְבָרְכִין עִלָּוֵיהּ ״בּוֹרֵא עֲצֵי בְּשָׂמִים״, אֲבָל מִשְׁחָא כְּבִישָׁא — לָא. וְרַב כָּהֲנָא אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ מִשְׁחָא כְּבִישָׁא, אֲבָל מִשְׁחָא טְחִינָא — לָא. נְהַרְדָּעֵי אָמְרִי: אֲפִילּוּ מִשְׁחָא טְחִינָא.

**Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921:**
**Rav Adda bar Ahava said: Over costus,** a spice, **one recites: Who creates fragrant trees, but** over **oil** that was **pressed** with spices to absorb their scents, **no,** one does not recite that blessing. **And Rav Kahana said: Even** over **oil pressed** with spices, one recites: Who creates fragrant trees, **but not** over **oil** into which spices were **ground. The Sages of Neharde’a say: Even** over **oil** into which spices were **ground,** which is of even lower quality, one recites this blessing.