## Chagigah Daf 18b

###### Chagigah 18b:1
[Chagigah 18b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:1)

**מַתְנִי׳** נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם לַחוּלִּין וְלַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְלַתְּרוּמָה, וְלַקּוֹדֶשׁ — מַטְבִּילִין. וְלַחַטָּאת — אִם נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו, נִטְמָא גּוּפוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One must wash his hands** by pouring a quarter-*log* of water over them before eating **non-sacred** food, **and for tithes and for *teruma*; but for** eating **sacrificial** food **one must immerse** one’s hands in **purification** waters, such as those of a ritual bath. **And with** regard to one who wishes to touch the **purification** waters of the red heifer used for sprinkling, concerning which the Sages ordained further measures of sanctity, **if one’s hands were rendered impure** even by rabbinical ritual impurity, which usually only renders the hands impure, **his** entire **body is rendered impure,** and he must immerse himself in a ritual bath.


###### Chagigah 18b:2
[Chagigah 18b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:2)

טָבַל לַחוּלִּין, הוּחְזַק לַחוּלִּין — אָסוּר לַמַּעֲשֵׂר. טָבַל לַמַּעֲשֵׂר, הוּחְזַק לַמַּעֲשֵׂר — אָסוּר לַתְּרוּמָה. טָבַל לַתְּרוּמָה, הוּחְזַק לַתְּרוּמָה — אָסוּר לַקּוֹדֶשׁ. טָבַל לַקּוֹדֶשׁ, הוּחְזַק לַקּוֹדֶשׁ — אָסוּר לַחַטָּאת. טָבַל לֶחָמוּר — מוּתָּר לַקַּל. טָבַל וְלֹא הוּחְזַק — כְּאִילּוּ לֹא טָבַל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues to list additional differences between various levels of ritual purity: If **one immersed for** the purpose of eating **non-sacred** food, he **assumes a presumptive status** of ritual purity **for non-sacred** food, and **it is prohibited for him** to eat **tithes,** as he did not purify himself with the intention of eating tithes. If one **immersed to** eat **tithes, he assumes a presumptive status for tithes,** but he is **prohibited from** eating ***teruma*.** If one **immersed for *teruma*, he assumes a presumptive status for *teruma*,** but he is **prohibited from** eating **sacrificial** food. If he **immersed for sacrificial** food, **he assumes a presumptive status for sacrificial** food, but he is **prohibited from** coming in contact with the **purification** waters. The principle is as follows: One who **immersed to** eat a food in **a stringent** category **is permitted to** eat a food in **a lenient** one. Another principle: One who **immersed without** the intention to **assume a presumptive status** of ritual purity, i.e., one who immersed but did not intend to purify himself, it is **as though he has not immersed** at all.


###### Chagigah 18b:3
[Chagigah 18b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:3)

בִּגְדֵי עַם הָאָרֶץ, מִדְרָס לִפְרוּשִׁין. בִּגְדֵי פְרוּשִׁין, מִדְרָס לְאוֹכְלֵי תְרוּמָה. בִּגְדֵי אוֹכְלֵי תְרוּמָה, מִדְרָס לַקּוֹדֶשׁ. בִּגְדֵי קוֹדֶשׁ, מִדְרָס לַחַטָּאת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **The garments of an *am ha’aretz*,** one who is not careful with regard to the laws of ritual purity, **are** considered impure with the ritual impurity imparted by the **treading** of a *zav*. That is considered a primary level of impurity **for individuals who are scrupulous with regard to impurity [*perushin*]. The garments of *perushin*** are considered impure by the **treading** of a *zav* **for** priests **who eat *teruma*; the garments of** those **who eat *teruma*** are considered impure by the **treading** of a *zav* **for** those who eat **sacrificial** food; and likewise **the garments of** those who eat **sacrificial** food are considered impure by the **treading** of a *zav* **for** those dealing with the preparation of the **purification** waters.


###### Chagigah 18b:4
[Chagigah 18b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:4)

יוֹסֵף בֶּן יוֹעֶזֶר הָיָה חָסִיד שֶׁבַּכְּהוּנָּה, וְהָיְתָה מִטְפַּחְתּוֹ מִדְרָס לַקּוֹדֶשׁ. יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גּוּדְגְּדָא הָיָה אוֹכֵל עַל טׇהֳרַת הַקּוֹדֶשׁ כׇּל יָמָיו, וְהָיְתָה מִטְפַּחְתּוֹ מִדְרָס לַחַטָּאת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna relates: **Yosef ben Yo’ezer was the most pious** member **of the priesthood** and was extremely careful to eat *teruma* in a state of ritual purity, **and** yet **his cloth was** considered impure by the **treading** of a *zav* **for** those who ate **sacrificial** food. **Yoḥanan ben Gudgeda would eat** non-sacred food while following the laws of **ritual purity for sacrificial** food **all his days, and** nevertheless **his cloth was** considered impure by the **treading** of a *zav* **for** those preparing the **purification** waters.


###### Chagigah 18b:5
[Chagigah 18b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:5)

**גְּמָ׳** חוּלִּין וּמַעֲשֵׂר מִי בָּעוּ נְטִילַת יָדַיִם?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** Before discussing the details of the *halakhot* listed in the mishna, the Gemara poses a basic question: **Do non-sacred** foods **and tithes** indeed **require washing the hands?**


###### Chagigah 18b:6
[Chagigah 18b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:6)

וּרְמִינְהִי: הַתְּרוּמָה וְהַבִּיכּוּרִים חַיָּיבִין עֲלֵיהֶן מִיתָה וָחוֹמֶשׁ, וַאֲסוּרִ[ין] לְזָרִים, וְהֵן נִכְסֵי כֹהֵן. וְעוֹלִין בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּטְעוּנִין נְטִילַת יָדַיִם וְהֶעֱרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בִּתְרוּמָה וּבִיכּוּרִים, מָה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר, וְכׇל שֶׁכֵּן בַּחוּלִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises a contradiction** to the mishna, from the following mishna in tractate *Bikkurim* (2:1): With regard to ***teruma* and first fruits, one is liable to** the **death** penalty **for them,** e.g., if a non-priest ate them intentionally; if he did so unintentionally, he must restore the amount he ate with the addition of **a fifth; and they are prohibited to non-priests; and they are the property of the priest.** Consequently, a priest can purchase anything he wishes with them, or betroth a woman with them. **And** if they fell into non-sacred produce and became mixed with it, **they are nullified** only **in** a mixture that contains **one hundred and one** times their amount; **and they require washing of the hands and the setting of the sun** before they can be eaten, i.e., an impure priest who has immersed at the proper time must still wait for the sun to set before he is fit to eat them. **These** laws apply **to *teruma* and first fruits, but not to tithes.** The mishna adds: **And all the more so** do they not apply **to non-sacred** food.


###### Chagigah 18b:7
[Chagigah 18b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:7)

קַשְׁיָא מַעֲשֵׂר אַמַּעֲשֵׂר, קַשְׁיָא חוּלִּין אַחוּלִּין!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
This is **difficult:** The *halakha* of **tithes** stated in *Bikkurim* seems to contradict the *halakha* of **tithes** taught in the mishna here, which states that the hands must be washed before tithes are eaten. Additionally, it is **difficult** with regard to the *halakha* of **non-sacred** food, as it contradicts the *halakha* applicable to **non-sacred** food stated in the mishna here.


###### Chagigah 18b:8
[Chagigah 18b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:8)

בִּשְׁלָמָא מַעֲשֵׂר אַמַּעֲשֵׂר לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר וְהָא רַבָּנַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **Granted,** one of the laws with regard to **tithes,** as opposed to the other law with regard to **tithes,** is **not difficult,** since the contradiction can be resolved as follows: **This** case, the mishna in *Bikkurim*, is in accordance **with Rabbi Meir, while that** case, the mishna here, follows **the Rabbis.**


###### Chagigah 18b:9
[Chagigah 18b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:9)

דִּתְנַן: כׇּל הַטָּעוּן בִּיאַת מַיִם מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים — מְטַמֵּא אֶת הַקּוֹדֶשׁ, וּפוֹסֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וּמוּתָּר לַחוּלִּין וּלְמַעֲשֵׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. אֶלָּא חוּלִּין אַחוּלִּין קַשְׁיָא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As we learned** in a mishna (*Para* 11:5): **Anything that requires immersion in water by rabbinic law renders sacrificial** food **impure.** If it touches a consecrated item, the latter is itself rendered impure with a second-degree ritual impurity. It also renders impure any other consecrated object that comes into contact with it with a third-degree ritual impurity **and invalidates *teruma*,** meaning that it renders the *teruma* itself impure, but not to the extent that the *teruma* can render other *teruma* impure. **And** anything that requires immersion in water by rabbinic law **is permitted for non-sacred** produce **and for tithes,** meaning that it does not render these items impure, as something impure to such a low degree does not invalidate even non-sacred food. This is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. But the Rabbis prohibit** this **in** the case of **tithes,** meaning that they are invalidated. This source demonstrates that according to the Rabbis, the *halakha* that applies to tithes differs from that of non-sacred produce, which explains why one must wash his hands for tithes. **However,** the law with regard to **non-sacred** food as opposed to the other law of **non-sacred** food is still **difficult.**


###### Chagigah 18b:10
[Chagigah 18b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:10)

לָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן בַּאֲכִילָה, כָּאן בִּנְגִיעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: It is **not difficult. Here** the mishna is referring **to eating,** before which one must wash his hands. **There** the mishna in *Bikkurim* deals **with touching** alone, for which prior washing of the hands is not necessary.


###### Chagigah 18b:11
[Chagigah 18b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:11)

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב שִׁימִי בַּר אָשֵׁי: עַד כָּאן לָא פְּלִיגִי רַבָּנַן עֲלֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר אֶלָּא בַּאֲכִילָה דְמַעֲשֵׂר, אֲבָל בִּנְגִיעָה דְמַעֲשֵׂר וּבַאֲכִילָה דְחוּלִּין לָא פְּלִיגִי? אֶלָּא: אִידֵּי וְאִידֵּי בַּאֲכִילָה, וְלָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן בַּאֲכִילָה דְנַהֲמָא, כָּאן בַּאֲכִילָה דְפֵירֵי. דְּאָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: כׇּל הַנּוֹטֵל יָדָיו לְפֵירוֹת — הֲרֵי זֶה מִגַּסֵּי הָרוּחַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Shimi bar Ashi strongly objects to this: The Rabbis disagree with Rabbi Meir only with regard to eating tithes, but with regard to touching tithes and eating non-sacred** food **they do not disagree** with him. Therefore, the Gemara’s resolution of the difficulty with regard to non-sacred food is not acceptable. **Rather,** the previous explanation is to be rejected in favor of the following: Both **this** mishna **and that** mishna are referring **to eating, and** it is **not difficult: Here** the mishna is dealing **with eating bread,** which requires washing one’s hands, whereas **there,** in *Bikkurim*, the mishna is referring **to eating non-sacred fruit,** for which one need not wash his hands, **for Rav Naḥman said: Anyone who washes his hands for fruit is of the haughty of spirit** because he shows himself to be more particular than required by the Sages.


###### Chagigah 18b:12
[Chagigah 18b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chagigah/r/18b:12)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַנּוֹטֵל יָדָיו, נִתְכַּוֵּון — יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת, לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּון — יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת. וְכֵן הַמַּטְבִּיל יָדָיו, נִתְכַּוֵּון — יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת, לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּון — יָדָיו טְמֵאוֹת. וְהָתַנְיָא: בֵּין נִתְכַּוֵּון בֵּין לֹא נִתְכַּוֵּון — יָדָיו טְהוֹרוֹת! אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, לָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן לְחוּלִּין,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught: One who washes his hands,** if **he intended** to purify them, **his hands are pure; if he did not intend** to do so, **his hands are impure. Similarly,** in the case of **one who immerses his hands** in forty *se’a* of water, if **he intended** to purify them, **his hands are pure; if he did not** so **intend, his hands are impure.** The Gemara raises a difficulty: **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that **his hands are pure whether he did or did not intend** to purify them? **Rav Naḥman said:** This is **not difficult,** as **there**, the second *baraita* is referring **to non-sacred** food, for which one need not have the intention to purify his hands;