## Chizkuni, Genesis

###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:7:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:7:1)

**הידוע נדע** שיקודנ״‎ט קוידשמ״‎ט בלע״‎ז.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
הידוע נדע, “were we supposed to have known?


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:11:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:11:1)

**מעט צרי** שאינו מצוי במצרים כענין שנאמר וגמליהם נושאים נכאת וצרי ולוט להוריד מצרימה.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
מעט צרי, “a little balsam;” something not available in Egypt. We have read that caravans used to transport this material to Egypt in Genesis 37.25.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:11:2
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:11:2)

**בטנים** הבי״‎ת בחטף קמץ.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
בטנים, “pistachios;” the letter ב is vocalised with a chataf kametz, an abbreviated vowel kametz.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:15:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:15:1)

**ויעמדו לפני יוסף** לא דברו אליו מאומה אבל נתראו מרחוק ויוסף לא דבר אליהם מחמת רחמנות שהיה לו על בנימין, והם היו סבורים כי מחמת כעס מן הכסף הנמצא היה עושה כך ולכך נתפחדו כמו שכתוב להתגולל עלינו ולהתנפל עלינו.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
ויעמדו לפני יוסף, “they stood facing Joseph.” They did not speak to him at all at that time, but they saw him from a distance. Joseph did not speak to them as he was emotionally overcome with compassion when seeing Binyamin. The brothers mistakenly interpreted Joseph’s silence as anger over the money which had been found in their bags (and which would have been interpreted as having been stolen from him or his servants.) This is why they were frightened and interpreted Joseph’s behaviour as a prelude to new accusations and worse, as spelled out with the words: להתגולל עלינו ולהתנפל עלינו, “to turn it against us and to attack us.”


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:18:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:18:1)

**להתגלל עלינו** לשון בגלל הדבר הזה בגלל כעס הכסף המושב באמתחתינו.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
.להתגולל, an expression similar to: בגלל, i.e. “to turn around” the fact that our money had been found in our bags as a pretext to attack us.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:18:2
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:18:2)

**ואת חמרינו** אם לא היו מביאים רק אותנו לבד היינו אומרים רק לדבר אתנו אנחנו מובאים אבל מאחר שגם חמורינו מובאים אתנו לבית אין זה אלא להביא עלינו עלילה.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
ואת חמורינו, “together with our donkeys.” They reasoned that if only we had been brought to Joseph’s private residence we would not be so worried; but the fact that we were brought here together with our donkeys, is proof that something else is afoot, i.e. an accusation.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:20:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:20:1)

**לשבר אכל** הבי״‎ת בחטף קמץ.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
לשבר אוכל, “to buy food;” the letter ב here is vocalised with the vowel chataf kametz, an abbreviated vowel kametz.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:25:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:25:1)

**ויכינו את המנחה** לפי שהוכחש יופי מראיתם מטורח הדרך. [ויכינו לשון הצנעה].

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
ויכינו את המנחה, “they set about to arrange the gift in a presentable fashion.”


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:28:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:28:1)

**וישתחו** חסר וי״‎ו.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
וישתחו, “they prostrated themselves;” the word is written as if in the singular mode, with the last letter ו missing. (Actually it is missing in our editions of the Torah, but is meant to be read as if it were not missing.) [Compare comment by minchat shay according to whom it is spelled in the singular mode, but is to be read in the plural mode. Ed.]


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:29:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:29:1)

**יחנך בני** היו״‎ד בחטף קמץ והחי״‎ת בשו״‎א.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
אלוהים יחנך בני, ”may G-d show you favour my son!” the letter י is vocalised with a kametz, and the letter ח with a sh’va.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:31:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:31:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:31:1)

**וירחץ פניו** לפי שהיה לו לישב עמהם ולעמוד עד אחר האכילה ויוכלו להבין שבכה אם לא ירחץ פניו אבל למעלה שלא היה לפניהם אלא לפי שעה לא הוצרך לרחוץ פניו.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
וירחץ פניו, “he washed his face;” seeing that he had to sit with them and to stand up after the meal, and they would otherwise see that he had been crying, unless he washed his face immediately. But earlier, in 42,24, where he did not have to face his brothers except very briefly, he did not feel the need to wash his face.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:32:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:32:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:32:1)

**כי תועבה היא למצרים** בזוי להם לאכול עם אדם נכרי כי אנשי מצרים גסי הרוח כדכתיב לכן קראתי לזאת רהב הם שבת.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
כי תועבה למצרים, “for it was something detestable for Egyptians;” Egyptians detested eating at the same table as aliens, as they felt that they were a superior race and everyone else was way inferior. We have an example of this in Isaiah 30,7 as well as in verse 39(?) here, i.e. ומצרים הבל וריק יעזרו לכן קראתי לזאת רהב לשבת, the help of Egypt I call empty and vain, I call this a disgrace and chagrin to dwell alongside them.”


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:33:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:33:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:33:1)

**הבכר כבכרתו** פרש״‎י כיון שהגיע לבנימין אמר לזה אין לו אם וכו׳‎ סבור היה יוסף נשי אביו קיימות.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
הבכור כבכורתו, “the firstborn according to the mother he was the firstborn of.” Rashi explains: when it came to seating Binyamin, seeing that he did no longer have a mother, he seated him according to his being the youngest as the brothers had told him on their first visit. Joseph thought that the mothers of the others were still alive, [although we know from Yaakov’s remarks on his deathbed that Leah had already been buried by him in the cave of Machpelah (Genesis 49,31). The brothers who were not firstborns seated themselves in the order of their seniority, seeing that it does not say concerning them that ויושיב אותם, “he seated them.”. Ed.]


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:33:2
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:33:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:33:2)

**ויתמהו** על כרחך לא היתה התימה אוישבו לפניו הבכור כבכורתו, דהא לא כתוב ויושיבם אלא **וישבו** מעצמם, אלא תמהו על אשר ראו וישימו לו לבדם ולהם לבדם ולמצרים לבדם, אמרו מה טיבו של זה מדהוא אוכל לבדו אינו לא מצרי ולא עברי.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
ויתמהו האנשים, “the men were amazed;” clearly this does not refer to the line: וישבו לפניו, “they sat before him;” their amazement was at the separation between the separate seating arrangement between 1) himself, 2) the Egyptians, and 3) themselves, the Hebrews. What they could not understand was why Joseph was seated by himself seeing that in their opinion he was also an Egyptian. They concluded that he must be of a different people or religion altogether.


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:34:1
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:34:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:34:1)

**וישא משאת מאת פניו** מביאין היו המנות לפניו תחלה לראות שהן הגונות ו**מאת פניו** של יוסף היו נושאים **אליהם. [משאת** לשון דורון]. ותרב משאת בנימן לפי שבא במצותו.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
וישא משאת מאת פניו, “portions were brought from him to them;” they were all served portions approved by Joseph as appropriate;ותרב משאת בנימין, “it turned out that Binyamin’s portion was greater than that of the other brothers as Joseph had so instructed the waiters.”


###### Chizkuni, Genesis 43:34:2
[Chizkuni, Genesis 43:34:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chizkuni/s/Genesis/r/43:34:2)

**וישכרו עמו** שעדיין לא גזרו על סתם יינם.

**Chizkuni, translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk:**
וישכרו עמו, “they drank wine with him and got drunk;” at that time drinking wine with gentiles if that wine had not specifically been prepared for idolatrous purposes was not yet forbidden for Hebrews.