## Chullin Daf 45b

###### Chullin 45b:1
[Chullin 45b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:1)

פּוֹלִין יֵשׁ מוּנָּחִין עַל פִּי הַקְּדֵרָה, מִן הַפּוֹלִין וְלִפְנִים – כְּלִפְנִים, מִן הַפּוֹלִין וְלַחוּץ – כְּלַחוּץ, וּפוֹלִין עַצְמָן אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ. וּמִסְתַּבְּרָא כְּלִפְנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**beans lie at the opening of the skull,** where the spinal cord exits. **From the beans inward,** the nerve tissue is considered **like the inside,** i.e., the brain. Therefore, if its membrane is perforated, even minimally, the animal is a *tereifa*. **From the beans outward,** the nerve tissue is considered **like the outside,** i.e., the spinal cord. A perforation of the membrane in this area renders the animal a *tereifa* only if the spinal cord is mostly cut. **And** with regard to the area of **the beans themselves, I do not know** what the *halakha* is; **but it stands to reason** that it is considered **like the inside.**


###### Chullin 45b:2
[Chullin 45b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:2)

רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּדַק בְּעוֹפָא, וְאַשְׁכַּח כְּמִין שְׁנֵי פּוֹלִין מוּנָּחִין עַל פִּי הַקְּדֵרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that **Rabbi Yirmeya inspected a bird and found** protrusions **similar** to **two beans lying on the opening of the skull.**


###### Chullin 45b:3
[Chullin 45b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:3)

נִיקַּב הַלֵּב לְבֵית חֲלָלוֹ, בָּעֵי רַבִּי זֵירָא: לְבֵית חָלָל קָטָן אוֹ לְבֵית חָלָל גָּדוֹל? אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: מַאי תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ? מִי לָא תְּנַן: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר ״עַד שֶׁתִּנָּקֵב לְבֵית הַסִּמְפּוֹנוֹת״, וְאָמַר רַבָּה בַּר תַּחְלִיפָא אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר רַב: עַד שֶׁתִּנָּקֵב לְסִמְפּוֹן גָּדוֹל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna states: If **the heart was perforated to its chamber,** the animal is a *tereifa*. **Rabbi Zeira raises a dilemma:** Is the mishna referring **to** the **small chamber** within the heart **or to** the **large chamber? Abaye said to him: What is your dilemma? Didn’t we learn** in the mishna with regard to the lung: **Rabbi Shimon says:** It is not a *tereifa* **unless it is perforated** through **to the bronchi? And Rabba bar Taḥlifa says** that **Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba says** that **Rav says:** Rabbi Shimon means that it is not a *tereifa* **unless it is perforated** through **to the large bronchus.** If so, it may be presumed that the mishna is referring to the large chamber of the heart as well.


###### Chullin 45b:4
[Chullin 45b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:4)

הָכִי הַשְׁתָּא? הָתָם לְבֵית הַסִּמְפּוֹנוֹת קָתָנֵי, לְהֵיכָא דְּשָׁפְכִי סִמְפּוֹנוֹת כּוּלְּהוּ, וְהָכָא לְבֵית חֲלָלוֹ קָתָנֵי – מָה לִי חָלָל גָּדוֹל, מָה לִי חָלָל קָטָן!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: **How can** these cases **be compared? There,** the mishna **teaches: To the bronchi [*simponot*],** in the plural form, i.e., the one bronchus **into which all the bronchi [*simponot*] empty** out. **But here,** with regard to the heart, it **teaches: To the chamber. What** is it **to me** if this is **a large chamber** and **what** is it **to me** if it is **a small chamber?** The language does not indicate one or the other.


###### Chullin 45b:5
[Chullin 45b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:5)

קְנֵה הַלֵּב, רַב אָמַר: בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: בְּרוּבּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ With regard to the **aorta,** the chief artery exiting the heart, **Rav says:** Like the heart itself, if it is perforated **in any amount** the animal is a *tereifa*. **And Shmuel says:** The animal is a *tereifa* only if the aorta is perforated **in its majority.**


###### Chullin 45b:6
[Chullin 45b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:6)

הֵי נִיהוּ קְנֵה הַלֵּב? אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר יִצְחָק אָמַר רַב: חֵלֶב שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי דְּפָנוֹת. דְּפָנוֹת סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ? אֶלָּא: שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי דּוֹפְנֵי רֵיאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Which** blood vessel **is the aorta? Rabba bar Yitzḥak says** that **Rav says:** This is the artery found in the **fat on the sides.** The Gemara asks: Can it **enter your mind** to say that this is referring to the **sides** of the animal, i.e., the ribs, which are not adjacent to the heart? **Rather,** this is referring to the artery covered in fat **that** exits the heart and passes **on the sides of the lung.**


###### Chullin 45b:7
[Chullin 45b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:7)

אָמַר אַמֵּימָר מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב נַחְמָן: תְּלָתָא קְנֵי הָווּ, חַד פָּרֵישׁ לְלִיבָּא, וְחַד פָּרֵישׁ לְרֵיאָה, וְחַד פָּרֵישׁ לְכַבְדָּא. דְּרֵיאָה – כְּרֵיאָה, דְּכַבְדָּא – כְּכַבְדָּא, דְּלִיבָּא – פְּלִיגִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ameimar says in the name of Rav Naḥman: There are three ducts** adjacent to one another in an animal’s chest. **One separates to the heart, and one separates to the lung, and one separates to the liver.** The duct **of the lung** is treated **like the lung,** and renders the animal a *tereifa* if perforated in any amount. The duct **of the liver** is treated **like the liver,** and only if it is completely missing does it render the animal a *tereifa*, in accordance with the mishna. As for the duct **of the heart,** the aorta, Rav and Shmuel **disagree** as to the measure of its perforation, as mentioned above.


###### Chullin 45b:8
[Chullin 45b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:8)

מָר בַּר חִיָּיא מַתְנִי אִיפְּכָא: דְּרֵיאָה – כְּכַבְדָּא, דְּכַבְדָּא – כְּרֵיאָה, דְּלִיבָּא – פְּלִיגִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Mar bar Ḥiyya teaches the opposite:** The duct **of the lung** is treated **like the liver** and renders the animal a *tereifa* only if it is completely missing. The duct **of the liver** is treated **like the lung,** and a perforation of any amount renders the animal a *tereifa*. And with regard to the duct **of the heart,** Rav and Shmuel **disagree.**


###### Chullin 45b:9
[Chullin 45b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:9)

אֲזַל רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף אַמְרַהּ לִשְׁמַעְתָּא דְרַב קַמֵּיהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי הָכִי אָמַר אַבָּא – לָא יָדַע בִּטְרֵפוֹת וְלֹא כְּלוּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that **Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Yosef went and stated the *halakha* of Rav,** that an aorta perforated in any amount renders an animal a *tereifa*, **before Shmuel.** Shmuel **said to him: If Abba,** i.e., Rav, actually **said so, he knows nothing at all about *tereifot*.**


###### Chullin 45b:10
[Chullin 45b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:10)

(נשבר) [נִשְׁבְּרָה] הַשִּׁדְרָה, תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: חוּט הַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁנִּפְסַק בְּרוּבּוֹ – דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי; רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: אֲפִילּוּ נִיקַּב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna states: If **the spinal** column **was broken** and its cord was cut, the animal is a *tereifa*. With regard to this **the Sages taught:** If **the spinal cord was cut in its majority,** the animal is a *tereifa*. This is **the statement of Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi. **Rabbi Ya’akov says:** It is a *tereifa* **even** if the spinal cord was only **perforated.**


###### Chullin 45b:11
[Chullin 45b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:11)

הוֹרָה רַבִּי כְּרַבִּי יַעֲקֹב. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: אֵין הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יַעֲקֹב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara notes: **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **ruled in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Ya’akov** that even a small perforation of the spinal cord renders the animal a *tereifa*. **Rav Huna says:** The ***halakha* is not in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Ya’akov.**


###### Chullin 45b:12
[Chullin 45b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:12)

וְכַמָּה רוּבּוֹ? רַב אָמַר: רוֹב עוֹרוֹ, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: רוֹב מוֹחוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And how much is** considered **a majority of** the spinal cord to render the animal a *tereifa*? **Rav says: A majority of** the circumference of **its** surrounding membranes, the **meninges. And some say a majority of the nerve tissue of** the spinal cord itself. In other words, even if the meninges are intact, the animal is a *tereifa* if a majority of the nerve tissue is cut.


###### Chullin 45b:13
[Chullin 45b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:13)

מַאן דְּאָמַר רוֹב מוֹחוֹ – כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן רוֹב עוֹרוֹ, לְמַאן דְּאָמַר רוֹב עוֹרוֹ – רוֹב מוֹחוֹ מַאי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara notes: According to **the one who says** that the animal is a *tereifa* if **a majority of the nerve tissue** is severed, **all the more so** if **a majority of the meninges** is cut, since if the meninges, the protective membranes, are damaged, the nerve tissue itself will certainly be damaged soon thereafter. But **according to the one who says** that a tear in **a majority of the meninges** renders it a *tereifa*, **what** is the *halakha* in a case where only **a majority of the nerve tissue** was cut? Perhaps the intact membranes will keep the damage from spreading.


###### Chullin 45b:14
[Chullin 45b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:14)

תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּאָמַר נִיוְלִי אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: רוּבּוֹ שֶׁאָמְרוּ – רוֹב עוֹרוֹ, מוֹחַ זֶה – לֹא מַעֲלֶה וְלֹא מוֹרִיד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **Come** and **hear** a proof: **As Nayyoli says** that **Rav Huna says: The majority of** the spinal cord, **which they said** renders the animal a *tereifa* if cut, is **the majority of** the **meninges.** But **this nerve tissue makes no difference.**


###### Chullin 45b:15
[Chullin 45b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:15)

רַב נָתָן בַּר אָבִין הֲוָה יָתֵיב קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב, בְּדַק בְּרוֹב עוֹרוֹ, וְקָא בָּדֵיק בְּרוֹב מוֹחוֹ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִם רוֹב עוֹרוֹ קַיָּים, מוֹחַ זֶה אֵינוֹ מַעֲלֶה וְאֵינוֹ מוֹרִיד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that **Rav Natan bar Avin was sitting before Rav.** Rav Natan first **checked** the spinal cord to make sure that **a majority of** the **meninges** was intact, **and** then **was checking** to see that **a majority of its nerve tissue** was intact. Rav **said to him: If a majority of** the **meninges is intact, this nerve tissue makes no difference.**


###### Chullin 45b:16
[Chullin 45b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:16)

אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: נִתְמָרֵךְ – פָּסוּל, נִתְמַסְמֵס – פָּסוּל. אֵיזוֹהִי הַמְרָכָה וְאֵיזוֹהִי הֲמַסְמָסָה? הַמְרָכָה – כֹּל שֶׁנִּשְׁפָּךְ כְּקִיתוֹן, (מסמסה) [הֲמַסְמָסָה] – כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמוֹד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rabba bar bar Ḥana says** that **Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says:** If the spinal cord **was liquefied [*nitmareikh*],** the animal is **unfit** for consumption. Even if it **softened [*nitmasmeis*],** the animal is **unfit,** i.e., a *tereifa*. **What is liquefaction, and what is softening? Liquefaction** is **any** case in **which** the nerve tissue becomes liquid, and if the membrane is punctured it can be **poured** out **like** water from **a jug. Softening** is **any** case in **which** the nerve tissue **cannot stand** upright on its own and sags when it is not being supported.


###### Chullin 45b:17
[Chullin 45b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:17)

בָּעֵי רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמוֹד מִפְּנֵי כׇּבְדוֹ, מַאי? תֵּיקוּ. בֵּי רַב אָמְרִי: נִתְמַסְמֵס – פָּסוּל, נִתְמַזְמֵז – כָּשֵׁר. מֵיתִיבִי: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: בְּהֵמָה שֶׁנִּתְמַזְמֵז מוֹחָה – טְרֵפָה! הָהִיא נִתְמַסְמֵס אִיתְּמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yirmeya raises a dilemma:** In a case where the spinal cord became unusually heavy such that it **cannot stand** upright **due to its weight,** but not due to softening or melting, **what** is the *halakha*? The Gemara responds: The question **shall stand** unresolved. **In the study hall they say:** If the spinal cord **softened** due to disease, the animal is **unfit** for consumption. But if some of its tissue softened and **was emptied** from the spinal cord, the animal remains **kosher.** The Gemara **raises an objection** based on a *baraita*: **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: An animal whose nerve tissue was emptied [*nitmazmez*]** from the spinal cord **is a *tereifa*.** The Gemara responds: **That** version of the *baraita* is incorrect. In fact, the word **softened [*nitmasmes*] was stated,** not the word emptied.


###### Chullin 45b:18
[Chullin 45b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:18)

אִינִי, וְהָא לֵוִי הֲוָה יָתֵיב בֵּי מַסּוּתָא, חַזְיֵיהּ לְהָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּטַרְיֵיהּ לְרֵישֵׁיהּ, אֲמַר: נִתְמַזְמֵז מוֹחֵיהּ דְּדֵין, לָאו דְּלָא חָיֵי? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: לָא, לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹלִיד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Is that so,** that an animal whose nerve tissue has dissolved is kosher? **But didn’t** it happen that **Levi was sitting in the bathhouse,** where **he saw a certain man who banged his head** severely, whereupon **he said: This** man’s **nerve tissue has** softened and **been emptied?** Is it **not** that Levi meant **that** the man **cannot live?** If so, the softening and emptying of the nerve tissue should render an animal a *tereifa*. **Abaye said: No,** he intended **to say that** the man **cannot reproduce,** since head trauma might lead to infertility.


###### Chullin 45b:19
[Chullin 45b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:19)

עַד הֵיכָן חוּט הַשִּׁדְרָה? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: עַד בֵּין הַפָּרָשׁוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara asks: **Until where** does the **spinal cord** extend downward, such that if it is cut above that point the animal is a *tereifa*? **Rav Yehuda says** that **Shmuel says: Until** the point **between the branches** of the spinal cord that split off behind the thighs.


###### Chullin 45b:20
[Chullin 45b:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:20)

רַב דִּימִי בַּר יִצְחָק הֲוָה קָא בָּעֵי לְמֵיזַל לְבֵי חוֹזָאֵי, אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לַיחְוֵי לִי מָר בֵּין הַפָּרָשׁוֹת הֵיכָא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: זִיל אַיְיתִי לִי גְּדִי וְאַחְוִי לָךְ. אַיְיתִי לֵיהּ גְּדִי שָׁמֵן, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּלִיעָן טְפֵי וְלָא יְדִיעַ. אַיְיתִי לֵיהּ כָּחוּשׁ, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּלִיטָן טְפֵי וְלָא יְדִיעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara recounts: **Rav Dimi bar Yitzḥak wanted to go to Bei Ḥozai. He came before Rabbi Yehuda** and **said to him: Master, show me, where** is the area **between the branches** to which Shmuel referred? Rabbi Yehuda **said to him: Go bring me a kid and I will show you.** Rav Dimi bar Yitzḥak **brought him** a choice **kid** with much **fat.** Rabbi Yehuda **said to him:** The location **is buried very** deep in the fat **and** is **not recognizable. He brought** Rabbi Yehuda **a lean** kid. Rabbi Yehuda **said to him:** The bones **jut out very** far, **and** the location is **not recognizable.**


###### Chullin 45b:21
[Chullin 45b:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:21)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: תָּא אַגְמְרָךְ גְּמָרָא, הָכִי אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: עַד אַחַת – טְרֵפָה, שְׁלִישִׁית – כְּשֵׁרָה, שְׁנִיָּה – אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Yehuda **said to him: Come, I will teach you a tradition** without showing you: **This** is what **Shmuel said:** There are three successive points around the same bone behind the pelvis at which branches diverge from the spinal cord. If the spinal cord is cut anywhere **until the first** gap between these branches, the animal is **a *tereifa*.** If it is severed anywhere after **the third** gap, i.e., after the third branch, the animal is **kosher.** If it was severed within the **second** gap, i.e., between these areas, **I do not know** the *halakha*.


###### Chullin 45b:22
[Chullin 45b:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/45b:22)

בָּעֵי רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, raises a dilemma:**