## Chullin Daf 57b

###### Chullin 57b:1
[Chullin 57b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:1)

הֲוָה לַן פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב הוּנָא וּשְׁאֵילְנֵיהּ, וַאֲמַר לַן: שְׁמוּטַת יָרֵךְ בָּעוֹף כְּשֵׁירָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**we had the opportunity to speak with Rav Huna, and we asked him** about this matter, **and he said to us: A dislocated femur in a bird is kosher.**


###### Chullin 57b:2
[Chullin 57b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:2)

וְאַשְׁכַּחְתֵּיהּ נָמֵי לְרַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בַּר אַבָּא דְּיָתֵיב וְקָא בָדֵיק בְּצוֹמֵת הַגִּידִין, וְאַקְשִׁי לֵיהּ: לָא סָבַר לַהּ מָר הָא דְּאָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: שְׁמוּטַת יָרֵךְ בָּעוֹף כְּשֵׁרָה? אָמַר לִי: אֲנָא מַתְנִיתִין יָדַעְנָא: בְּהֵמָה שֶׁנֶּחְתְּכוּ רַגְלֶיהָ, מִן הָאַרְכּוּבָּה וּלְמִטָּה – כְּשֵׁרָה, מִן הָאַרְכּוּבָּה וּלְמַעְלָה – פְּסוּלָה, וְכֵן שֶׁנִּיטַּל צוֹמֶת הַגִּידִין, וְאָמַר רַב עֲלַהּ: וְכֵן בָּעוֹף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And I also found Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba sitting and inspecting** birds **at the convergence of sinews** in the thigh. **And I** posed **a difficulty to him: Doesn’t Master maintain** in accordance with **this** statement **that Rav Huna says** that **Rav says: A dislocated femur in a bird is kosher?** Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba **said to me: I know the mishna** (76a): With regard to **an animal whose hind legs were severed,** if they were severed **from the leg joint and below,** it is **kosher; from the leg joint and above,** it is a *tereifa* and **unfit** for consumption. **And likewise** an animal whose **convergence of sinews** in the thigh **was removed** is a *tereifa*. **And Rav said about this: And likewise with regard to a bird.**


###### Chullin 57b:3
[Chullin 57b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:3)

וַאֲמַרִי לֵיהּ: אִי הָכִי, קַשְׁיָא דְּרַב אַדְּרַב! אִישְׁתִּיק, וְאַקְשַׁי לֵיהּ: וְדִלְמָא שָׁנֵי לֵיהּ לְרַב בֵּין שְׁמוּטָה לַחֲתוּכָה? וְאָמַר לִי: וְאַתְּ מְפָרְשַׁתְּ שְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב? בְּפֵירוּשׁ אָמַר רַב: שְׁמוּטָה – כְּשֵׁרָה, חֲתוּכָה – פְּסוּלָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And I said to him: If so,** this statement **of Rav** poses **a difficulty for** that statement **of Rav.** Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba **was silent. And I challenged him: But perhaps there is a difference for Rav between a dislocated** femur **and a severed** one. **And he said to me: And are you interpreting Rav’s *halakha*** based on your own reasoning? **Rav said explicitly: A dislocated** femur **is kosher,** while **a severed** femur renders the animal **unfit** for consumption.


###### Chullin 57b:4
[Chullin 57b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:4)

וְאַתְּ, מָה בִּידָךְ? הָכִי אָמַר רַב חִיָּיא בַּר אָשֵׁי אָמַר רַב: שְׁמוּטַת יָרֵךְ בָּעוֹף טְרֵפָה, וְכֵן אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אִידִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שְׁמוּטַת יָרֵךְ בָּעוֹף טְרֵפָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Abba then asked Rabbi Zeira: **And** as for **you, what is in your hand?** What have you heard with regard to this *halakha*? Rabbi Zeira **said to him: This** is what **Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi says** that **Rav says: A dislocated femur in a bird** renders it **a *tereifa*. And so said Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi** that **Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A dislocated femur in a bird** renders it **a *tereifa*.**


###### Chullin 57b:5
[Chullin 57b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:5)

וְאָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אִידִי: אִילְמָלֵי הֲוָה רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּאַתְרָא דְּאוֹרוֹ בַּהּ חַבְרָוָותָא לְהֶתֵּירָא, לָא פַּרְכֵּיס. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר רַבִּי: שְׁמוּטַת יָרֵךְ בָּעוֹף כְּשֵׁרָה. וְתַרְנְגוֹלֶת הָיְתָה לוֹ לְרַבִּי חֲנִינָא שֶׁנִּשְׁמְטָה יָרֵךְ שֶׁלָּהּ, וֶהֱבִיאָהּ לִפְנֵי רַבִּי וְהִתִּירָהּ לוֹ, וּמְלָחָהּ רַבִּי חֲנִינָא, וַהֲוָה מוֹרֵי בַּהּ הֲלָכָה לַתַּלְמִידִים: זֶה הִתִּיר לִי רַבִּי, זֶה הִתִּיר לִי רַבִּי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** with regard to this, **Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi said: If Rabbi Yoḥanan had been in the place where the assembly ruled to permit** such a bird, he would **not** have **stirred.** In other words, he would not have contested their ruling, because they were the greatest Sages of the previous generation. **As Rabbi Ḥanina says** that **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says: A dislocated femur in a bird is kosher. And Rabbi Ḥanina had a hen whose femur was dislocated, and he brought it before Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, **and** Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi **permitted it to him, and Rabbi Ḥanina salted** the hen to preserve it. **And he would teach the students the *halakha* with it,** as he would show them the preserved body of the hen and say: **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **permitted this to me, Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **permitted this to me.**


###### Chullin 57b:6
[Chullin 57b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:6)

וְלֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּכׇל הָנֵי שְׁמַעְתָּתָא, אֶלָּא כִּי הָא דִּשְׁאֵל רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן נְהוֹרַאי אֶת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: קְדִירַת קָנֶה בְּכַמָּה? אָמַר לוֹ: מִשְׁנָה שְׁלֵמָה שָׁנִינוּ, עַד כְּאִיסָּר הָאִיטַלְקִי. אָמַר לוֹ: וַהֲלֹא רָחֵל אַחַת הָיְתָה בִּשְׁכוּנָתֵנוּ שֶׁנִּקְדַּר קָנֶה שֶׁלָּהּ, וְעָשׂוּ לָהּ קְרוּמִין שֶׁל קָנֶה וְחָיְתָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara concludes: **But the *halakha*** is **not in accordance with any of these statements. Rather,** it is **in accordance with that which Rabbi Yosei ben Nehorai asked Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: In what amount** must **a windpipe** be **punctured** to render the animal a *tereifa*? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi **said to him: We learned a full mishna** (54a): **Until** the perforation is the same size **as the Italian *issar*.** Rabbi Yosei ben Nehorai **said to him: But wasn’t there a certain ewe in our neighborhood whose windpipe was punctured** in a greater amount, **and they made** a seal **for** the windpipe out of **the shell of a reed and it lived?**


###### Chullin 57b:7
[Chullin 57b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:7)

אָמַר לוֹ: וְעַל דָּא אַתְּ סָמֵיךְ? וַהֲלֹא הֲלָכָה רוֹוַחַת בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל: שְׁמוּטַת יָרֵךְ בָּעוֹף טְרֵפָה, וְתַרְנְגוֹלֶת הָיְתָה לוֹ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא שֶׁנִּשְׁמְטָה יָרֵךְ שֶׁלָּהּ, וְעָשׂוּ לָהּ שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת שֶׁל קָנֶה וְחָיְתָה! אֶלָּא מַאי אִית לָךְ לְמֵימַר: תּוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הֲוָה, הָכָא נָמֵי תּוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הֲוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi **said to him: And do you rely on this** incident as evidence? **But isn’t it a widespread *halakha* among the Jewish people** that **a dislocated femur in a bird** renders it **a *tereifa*? And** still, **Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta had a hen whose femur was dislocated, and they made it** a support out of the **tube of a reed and it lived. Rather, what have you to say** about this case? It must have **occurred within twelve months** of the dislocation, and afterward the hen died, since no *tereifa* can live more than twelve months. **Here, too,** in the case of the punctured windpipe, the episode **occurred within twelve months** of the injury and the ewe later died.


###### Chullin 57b:8
[Chullin 57b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:8)

אָמְרוּ עָלָיו עַל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא שֶׁעַסְקָן בִּדְבָרִים הָיָה, וְהָיָה עוֹשֶׂה דָּבָר לְהוֹצִיא מִלִּבּוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אִם נִיטְּלָה הַנּוֹצָה פְּסוּלָה. וְתַרְנְגוֹלֶת הָיְתָה לוֹ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן חֲלַפְתָּא שֶׁנִּיטְּלָה נוֹצָה שֶׁלָּהּ, וְהִנִּיחָה בַּתַּנּוּר, וְטָלָה עָלֶיהָ בְּמַטְלִית שֶׁל טַרְסִיִּים, וְגִידְּלָה כְּנָפַיִים הָאַחֲרוֹנִים יוֹתֵר מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **They said about Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta that he was a researcher of** various **matters, and he would act to counter the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, as Rabbi Yehuda would say: If the down** covering a bird’s body **was removed,** it is a *tereifa* and **unfit** for consumption, as stated in the mishna. **And Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta had a hen whose down was removed, and he placed it in an oven,** a warm place, **and he covered it with a Coppersmiths’ [*tarsiyyim*] apron, and its new,** i.e., rehabilitated, **wings grew** even **more** feathers **than the original** wings.


###### Chullin 57b:9
[Chullin 57b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:9)

וְדִלְמָא קָסָבַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה טְרֵפָה מַשְׁבַּחַת? אִם כֵּן, בְּמִידֵּי דְּמִיטַּרְפָא בַּהּ – הִגְדִּילָה כְּנָפַיִים הָאַחֲרוֹנִים יוֹתֵר מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** how does this counter Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion? **Perhaps Rabbi Yehuda holds** that **a *tereifa*** can live and that its health can even **improve** beyond its previous state. The Gemara responds: Even **if** this is **so,** would Rabbi Yehuda say so **with regard to the** very **thing** with **which it was rendered a *tereifa*,** as is the case here, where **it grew new wings** with **more** feathers **than the original** wings?


###### Chullin 57b:10
[Chullin 57b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:10)

מַאי עַסְקָן בִּדְבָרִים? אָמַר רַב מְשַׁרְשְׁיָא, דִּכְתִיב: ״לֵךְ אֶל נְמָלָה עָצֵל רְאֵה דְרָכֶיהָ וַחֲכָם, אֲשֶׁר אֵין לָהּ קָצִין שֹׁטֵר וּמֹשֵׁל, תָּכִין בַּקַּיִץ לַחְמָהּ״. אָמַר: אֵיזִיל אִיחְזֵי אִי וַדַּאי הוּא דְּלֵית לְהוּ מַלְכָּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: From **what** episode did Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta earn the title: **Researcher of matters? Rav Mesharshiyya said:** He saw **that it is written: “Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise; which having no chief, overseer, or ruler, provides her bread in the summer”** (Proverbs 6:6–8). Rabbi Shimon ben Ḥalafta **said: I will go and see if it is correct that they have no king.**


###### Chullin 57b:11
[Chullin 57b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:11)

אֲזַל בִּתְקוּפַת תַּמּוּז, פַּרְסֵיהּ לִגְלִימֵיהּ אַקִּינָּא דְּשׁוּמְשְׁמָנֵי. נְפַק אֲתָא חַד מִינַּיְיהוּ, אַתְנַח בֵּיהּ סִימָנָא. עָל, אֲמַר לְהוּ: ״נְפַל טוּלָּא״. נְפַקוּ וַאֲתוֹ, דַּלְיֵיהּ לִגְלִימֵיהּ, נְפַל שִׁמְשָׁא. נְפַלוּ עֲלֵיהּ וְקַטְלֵיהּ. אֲמַר: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ לֵית לְהוּ מַלְכָּא, דְּאִי אִית לְהוּ הַרְמָנָא דְּמַלְכָּא לָא לִיבְעוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**He went in the season of Tammuz,** i.e., summer. Knowing that ants avoid intense heat, **he spread his cloak over an ant hole** to provide shade. **One of** the ants **came out** and saw the shade. Rabbi Shimon **placed a distinguishing mark on** the ant. **It went into** the hole and **said to** the other ants: **Shade has fallen. They** all **came out** to work. Rabbi Shimon **lifted up his cloak,** and **the sun fell** on them. They all **fell upon** the first ant **and killed it. He said:** One may **learn from** their actions that **they have no king; as, if they had a king, would they not need the king’s edict [*harmana*]** to execute their fellow ant?


###### Chullin 57b:12
[Chullin 57b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:12)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: וְדִלְמָא מַלְכָּא הֲוָה בַּהֲדַיְיהוּ? אִי נָמֵי, הַרְמָנָא דְּמַלְכָּא הֲווֹ נְקִיטִי? אִי נָמֵי בֵּין מַלְכָּא לְמַלְכָּא הֲוָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם אֵין מֶלֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אִישׁ הַיָּשָׁר בְּעֵינָיו יַעֲשֶׂה״? אֶלָּא, סְמוֹךְ אַהֵימָנוּתָא דִּשְׁלֹמֹה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: But perhaps the king was with them** at the time and gave them permission. **Or** perhaps **they** already **possessed the king’s edict** giving them license to kill the ant. **Or** perhaps it **was** an interregnum **between kings, as it is written: “In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own eyes”** (Judges 17:6). **Rather, rely on the credibility of Solomon,** the author of Proverbs, that ants have no king.


###### Chullin 57b:13
[Chullin 57b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:13)

אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: סִימָן לִטְרֵפָה – שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. מֵיתִיבִי: סִימָן לִטְרֵפָה – כֹּל שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹלֶדֶת. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: מַשְׁבַּחַת וְהוֹלֶכֶת – בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהִיא כְּשֵׁרָה, מִתְנַוְּונָה וְהוֹלֶכֶת – בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהִיא טְרֵפָה. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: סִימָן לִטְרֵפָה – שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: וַהֲלֹא הַרְבֵּה מִתְקַיְּימוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rav Huna says: The sign of a *tereifa*** is **twelve months.** If it is uncertain whether an animal is a *tereifa*, one may wait twelve months; if the animal survives, it is kosher. The Gemara **raises an objection** from a *baraita*: **The sign of a *tereifa*** is **any** animal **that cannot give birth. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says:** If its health **improves continuously, it is certainly kosher;** if its health **deteriorates continuously, it is certainly a *tereifa*. Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says: The sign of a *tereifa*** is any animal that does not survive **thirty days.** The Sages **said to him: But don’t many** animals that are certainly *tereifot* **survive two** or **three years?** None of the opinions cited in the *baraita* accord with Rav Huna’s statement.


###### Chullin 57b:14
[Chullin 57b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:14)

תַּנָּאֵי הִיא, דְּתַנְיָא: וּבַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת, עַד שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ נֶקֶב אֶחָד אָרוֹךְ, אֲפִילּוּ נְקָבִים הַרְבֵּה מִצְטָרְפִים לִמְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן הַמְשׁוּלָּם: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּעִנְבּוּל, בְּאֶחָד שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה גֻּלְגׇּלְתּוֹ, וְעָשׂוּ לוֹ חִידּוּק שֶׁל קֵרוּיָה וְחָיָה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר: מִשָּׁם רְאָיָה? יְמוֹת הַחַמָּה הָיָה, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁעָבְרוּ עָלָיו יְמוֹת הַצִּנָּה מִיָּד מֵת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: The matter **is** a dispute between ***tanna’im*, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **And in a skull that contains one long hole,** or **even** if it has **many holes,** the areas of the holes **join together to** constitute the **size of a drill hole,** and they render the animal a *tereifa*. **Rabbi Yosei ben HaMeshullam said:** There was **an incident in** a place called **Inbul involving one whose skull was missing** a piece, **and they made for him** a patch out of **the shell of a gourd, and he survived.** Therefore, an animal with a missing piece of skull cannot be a *tereifa*. **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar said to him:** Can you bring **proof from there? It was summer** then, **and once winter came upon him he died immediately.** Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar holds that an animal is a *tereifa* if it does not survive through summer and winter, i.e., one year. Rav Huna’s statement accords with this opinion.


###### Chullin 57b:15
[Chullin 57b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/57b:15)

אָמַר רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב, הֲלָכָה: טְרֵפָה יוֹלֶדֶת וּמַשְׁבַּחַת. אָמַר אַמֵּימָר: הָנֵי בֵּיעֵי דִּטְרֵפָה

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov says:** The ***halakha*** is that **a *tereifa* can give birth and** its health can even **improve.** If the animal appears to recover or gives birth, this does not prove it is not a *tereifa*. **Ameimar says:** With regard to **these eggs of a *tereifa*** bird,