## Chullin Daf 61a

###### Chullin 61a:1
[Chullin 61a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/61a:1)

מָה נֶשֶׁר מְיוּחָד שֶׁאֵין לוֹ אֶצְבַּע יְתֵרָה וְזֶפֶק וְאֵין קוּרְקְבָנוֹ נִקְלָף וְדוֹרֵס וְאוֹכֵל – טָמֵא, אַף כׇּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ – טָמֵא. תּוֹרִין שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן אֶצְבַּע יְתֵרָה וְזֶפֶק וְקוּרְקְבָן נִקְלָף וְאֵין דּוֹרְסִין וְאוֹכְלִין – טְהוֹרִין, אַף כׇּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן – טְהוֹרִין. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: לֹא נֶאֱמַר פֵּירוּשָׁן מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Just as a *nesher*** is **unique** in **that it has no extra digit or crop, and its gizzard cannot be peeled, and it claws** its prey **and eats** it, and it is **non-kosher, so too, all like** birds with these four signs are **non-kosher.** And just as **doves** and pigeons, **which have an extra digit and a crop, and whose gizzard can be peeled, and do not claw** their food **and eat** it, are **kosher,** as they are fit for sacrifice on the altar (see Leviticus 1:14), **so too, all like** birds with these four signs are **kosher.** If so, why does the mishna state that the signs were not stated in the Torah? **Abaye said:** The mishna means that **the explanation of** the signs of a kosher bird **was not stated in the Torah. Rather,** one learns it **from the statements of the Sages,** i.e., the *baraita*.


###### Chullin 61a:2
[Chullin 61a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/61a:2)

תָּנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: עוֹף הַבָּא בְּסִימָן אֶחָד טָהוֹר, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין דּוֹמֶה לְנֶשֶׁר. נֶשֶׁר דְּלֵית לֵיהּ כְּלָל – הוּא דְּלָא תֵּיכוֹל, הָא אִיכָּא דְּאִית לֵיהּ חַד – תֵּיכוֹל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Ḥiyya teaches: A bird that comes** before a person **with one sign** of a kosher bird, and which is not listed in the Torah as non-kosher, **is kosher, since it is unlike a *nesher*.** The verse did not need to state that the *nesher* is non-kosher, since one could have inferred this from the list of other non-kosher birds. Rather, the verse mentions the *nesher* specifically to indicate that **it is** only a bird like **a *nesher*, which has none** of the signs of a kosher bird, **that you shall not eat. But** if **there is** a bird **that has** even **one** of the signs, **you may eat** it.


###### Chullin 61a:3
[Chullin 61a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/61a:3)

וְלֵילַף מִתּוֹרִין: מָה תּוֹרִין דְּאִיכָּא כּוּלְּהוּ אַרְבְּעָה, אַף הָכָא נָמֵי עַד דְּאִיכָּא כּוּלְּהוּ אַרְבְּעָה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** why learn specifically from the case of a *nesher*? **Let one derive** the opposite **from** the case of **doves: Just as doves, which** the Torah mentions explicitly as kosher, **have all four** signs, **so too here,** no other bird is kosher **unless it has all four** signs.


###### Chullin 61a:4
[Chullin 61a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/61a:4)

אִם כֵּן, שְׁאָר עוֹפוֹת טְמֵאִין דִּכְתַב רַחֲמָנָא לְמָה לִי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: **If** it is **so** that one learns from the case of a dove, **why do I** need **the rest of the non-kosher birds that the Merciful One wrote?** Since none of them has all four signs of a kosher bird, their non-kosher status could simply be inferred from the case of a dove. Rather, since the Torah states explicitly that they are non-kosher, it follows that one does not learn from the case of a dove.


###### Chullin 61a:5
[Chullin 61a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/61a:5)

וְנֵילַף מִינַּיְיהוּ: מָה הָתָם תְּלָתָא וְלָא אָכְלִינַן, אַף כֹּל תְּלָתָא וְלָא נֵיכוֹל, וְכׇל שֶׁכֵּן תְּרֵי וְחַד?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: **But let us derive** instead **from them,** i.e., the rest of the non-kosher birds, which each have only three signs, the following: **Just as there,** those birds have **three** of the signs of a kosher bird mentioned in the mishna, **and we** still **do not eat** them, **so too, all** other birds that have **three signs** should have the same halakhic status, **and we will not eat** them. **And all the more so** should this apply to a bird that has only **two** signs **or one.**


###### Chullin 61a:6
[Chullin 61a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/61a:6)

אִם כֵּן, עוֹרֵב, דִּכְתַב רַחֲמָנָא, לְמָה לִי? הַשְׁתָּא דְּאִית לֵיהּ תְּלָתָא לָא אָכְלִינַן, דְּאִית לֵיהּ תְּרֵי מִיבַּעְיָא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: **If so, why do I** need **the crow that the Merciful One wrote** among the non-kosher birds? **Now** that it is established **that we do not eat** any bird **that has three** signs, **is** it **necessary** to mention the crow, **which has** only **two?** Rather, those birds explicitly listed as non-kosher are prohibited, and all other birds with any number of signs are kosher.