## Chullin Daf 63b ###### Chullin 63b:1 [Chullin 63b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:1) מִכְּדֵי מִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה לְאוֹסוֹפֵי הוּא דַּאֲתָא, מַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא דִּכְתִיב ״דָּאָה״ וּמַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא דִּכְתִיב ״רָאָה״ וְלָא כְּתִיב ״דָּאָה״? אֶלָּא שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ מִין רָאָה וְדָאָה אַחַת הִיא. **William Davidson Edition - English:** one might ask: **Since** it is assumed that the list in **Deuteronomy comes to add** to the list in Leviticus, **what is different here,** in Leviticus, **that it is written: “*Da’a*,”** and **what is different here,** in Deuteronomy, **that it is written: “*Ra’a*,” and *da’a* is not written? Rather, conclude from** the presence of each on only one list that the ***ra’a* and *da’a* are one species.** ###### Chullin 63b:2 [Chullin 63b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:2) וְאַכַּתִּי עֶשְׂרִין וְחַמְשָׁה הָווּ? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁרָאָה וְדָאָה אַחַת הִיא, כָּךְ אַיָּה וְדַיָּה אַחַת הִיא. דְּאִי סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ תַּרְתֵּי אִינּוּן, מִכְּדֵי מִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה לְאוֹסוֹפֵי הוּא דַּאֲתָא, מַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא דִּכְתִיב ״לְמִינָהּ״ אַאַיָּה, וּמַאי שְׁנָא הָתָם דִּכְתִיב ״לְמִינָהּ״ אַדַּיָּה? אֶלָּא שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: אַיָּה וְדַיָּה אַחַת הִיא. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara objects: **But still, there are twenty-five** birds, not twenty-four. **Abaye said: Just as** the ***ra’a* and *da’a* are one** species, **so** too, the ***ayya* and** the ***dayya*,** the latter of which is mentioned only in Deuteronomy, **are one** species. **As, if it enters your mind that they are two** different species, one might ask: **Since** it is assumed that the list in **Deuteronomy comes to add** to the list in Leviticus, **what is different here,** in Leviticus, **that it is written: “After its kinds,” about** the ***ayya*,** prohibiting some other kind of *ayya*, **and what is different there,** in Deuteronomy, **that it is written: “After its kinds,” about** the ***dayya*?** Why is the *ayya* not mentioned? **Rather, learn from** the use of the same phrase with regard to the ***ayya* and *dayya*** that they **are one** species. ###### Chullin 63b:3 [Chullin 63b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:3) וְכִי מֵאַחַר שֶׁאַיָּה וְדַיָּה אַחַת הִיא, לְמָה לֵיהּ לְמִיכְתַּב אַיָּה וְדַיָּה? כִּדְתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: אֶקְרָא אֲנִי אַיָּה, דַּיָּה לָמָּה נֶאֶמְרָה? כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתֵּן פִּתְחוֹן פֶּה לְבַעַל דִּין לַחְלוֹק, שֶׁלֹּא תְּהֵא אַתָּה קוֹרֵא אַיָּה וְהוּא קוֹרֵא דַּיָּה, אַתָּה קוֹרֵא דַּיָּה וְהוּא קוֹרֵא אַיָּה, לְכָךְ כָּתַב בְּמִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה: ״וְהָרָאָה וְאֶת הָאַיָּה וְהַדַּיָּה לְמִינָהּ״. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara asks: **And now that** the ***ayya* and *dayya* are one** species, **why did** the Torah need **to write** both ***ayya* and *dayya*** in Deuteronomy? The Gemara responds: **As it is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says:** Given that the two are one species, **I will read *ayya*** and know that it is forbidden. **Why is *dayya* stated?** It is **so as not to give a claim to a litigant to disagree,** and **it should not occur** that **you call** it **an *ayya* and he calls** it **a *dayya*** and eats it. Likewise, the Torah did not write only *dayya* so that it will not occur that **you call** it **a *dayya* and he calls** it **an *ayya*** and eats it. **Therefore,** the Torah **writes in Deuteronomy: “And the *ra’a*, and the *ayya*, and the *dayya* after its kinds”** (Deuteronomy 14:13). Consequently, both the list in Leviticus and that in Deuteronomy enumerate twenty-four birds, in accordance with the statement attributed to Rav. ###### Chullin 63b:4 [Chullin 63b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:4) מֵיתִיבִי: לָמָּה נִשְׁנוּ? בִּבְהֵמָה – מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁסוּעָה, וּבָעוֹפוֹת – מִפְּנֵי הָרָאָה. מַאי לָאו, מִדִּבְהֵמָה דְּהָתָם לְאוֹסוֹפֵי, עוֹפוֹת נָמֵי לְאוֹסוֹפֵי? לָא, הָתָם לְאוֹסוֹפֵי, הָכָא לְפָרוֹשֵׁי. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara **raises an objection** from a *baraita*: **Why** is the list **of** non-kosher **animals** in Leviticus **repeated?** It is **due to** the necessity of adding **the *shesua*** (Deuteronomy 14:7), which was not listed in Leviticus. **And** the list **of** non-kosher **birds** is repeated **due to the *ra’a*. What, is it not** understood **from** the fact **that** the extra list of **animals there,** in Deuteronomy, is **to add** animals, that the list of **birds** is **also** repeated **to add** birds? The Gemara responds: **No, there,** i.e., with regard to animals, the list is repeated **to add,** but **here,** with regard to birds, it is repeated only **to explain.** ###### Chullin 63b:5 [Chullin 63b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:5) וּפְלִיגָא דְּרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: רָאָה זוֹ אַיָּה, וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמָהּ רָאָה? שֶׁרוֹאָה בְּיוֹתֵר, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״נָתִיב לֹא יְדָעוֹ עָיִט וְלֹא שְׁזָפַתּוּ עֵין אַיָּה״, תָּנָא: עוֹמֶדֶת בְּבָבֶל וְרוֹאָה נְבֵלָה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **And** the opinion that the *da’a* and *ra’a* are one species, and that the *ayya* and *dayya* are another species, **differs from** the opinion of **Rabbi Abbahu, as Rabbi Abbahu says:** The ***ra’a* is** the ***ayya*. And why is it called** the ***ra’a*? Since it sees [*ro’ah*] most** vividly. **And so** the verse **states: “That path no bird of prey knows, neither has the eye of the *ayya* seen it”** (Job 28:7). And a Sage **taught:** The *ra’a* can **stand in Babylonia and see a carcass in Eretz Yisrael.** ###### Chullin 63b:6 [Chullin 63b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:6) מִדְּרָאָה הַיְינוּ אַיָּה, מִכְּלָל דְּדָאָה לָאו הַיְינוּ רָאָה. מִכְּדֵי מִשְׁנֵה תוֹרָה לְאוֹסוֹפֵי הוּא דַּאֲתָא, מַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא דִּכְתִיב ״דָּאָה״, וּמַאי שְׁנָא הָתָם דְּלָא כְּתִיב ״דָּאָה״? אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ דָּאָה וְרָאָה וְאַיָּה אַחַת הִיא. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara discusses Rabbi Abbahu’s statement: **Since** the ***ra’a* is** the same as the ***ayya*, by inference,** one may conclude **that** the ***da’a* is not the** same as the ***ra’a*;** otherwise, there are not twenty-four non-kosher birds. But **since** it is assumed that the list in **Deuteronomy comes to add** to the list in Leviticus, **what is different here,** in Leviticus, **that it is written: “*Da’a*,”** and **what is different there,** in Deuteronomy, **that *da’a* is not written? Rather,** must one **not conclude from** the discrepancy that the two are the same? If so, one must conclude that according to Rabbi Abbahu, the ***da’a* and *ra’a* and *ayya* are** all **one** species. ###### Chullin 63b:7 [Chullin 63b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:7) וּמִדְּרָאָה הַיְינוּ אַיָּה, מִכְּלַל דְּדַיָּה לָאו הַיְינוּ אַיָּה. מַאי שְׁנָא הָתָם דִּכְתִיב ״לְמִינֵהוּ״ אַאַיָּה, וּמַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא דְּלָא כְּתִיב ״לְמִינֵהוּ״ אַאַיָּה אֶלָּא אַדַּיָּה? אֶלָּא שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ דָּאָה וְרָאָה דַּיָּה וְאַיָּה אַחַת הִיא. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **And** furthermore, **from** the fact that Rabbi Abbahu holds that the ***ra’a* is** the same as the ***ayya*, by inference,** one may conclude that the ***dayya* is not** the same as the ***ayya*.** But if so, one may ask again: **What is different there,** in Leviticus, **that it is written: “After its kinds,” about** the ***ayya*, and what is different here,** in Deuteronomy, **that it is not written: “After its kinds,” about** the ***ayya* but about** the ***dayya*? Rather,** the *ayya* and *dayya* must be one species. And one may **learn from** the combination of the two disputes that according to Rabbi Abbahu, the ***da’a* and *ra’a*, *dayya* and *ayya* are** all **one** species. Consequently, according to Rabbi Abbahu, there are only twenty-three non-kosher species. ###### Chullin 63b:8 [Chullin 63b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:8) תַּנְיָא, אִיסִי בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: מֵאָה עוֹפוֹת טְמֵאִין יֵשׁ בַּמִּזְרָח, וְכוּלָּן מִין ״אַיָּה״ הֵן. תָּנֵי אֲבִימִי בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: שְׁבַע מֵאוֹת מִינֵי דָגִים הֵן, וּשְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת מִינֵי חֲגָבִים, וּלְעוֹפוֹת אֵין מִסְפָּר. עוֹפוֹת עֶשְׂרִין וְאַרְבָּעָה הָווּ! אֶלָּא: וּלְעוֹפוֹת טְהוֹרִים אֵין מִסְפָּר. **William Davidson Edition - English:** § With regard to the phrase: “The *ayya* after its kinds” (Leviticus 11:14), **it is taught** in a *baraita* that **Isi ben Yehuda says: There are one hundred non-kosher birds in the East, and they are all species of *ayya*. Avimi, son of Rabbi Abbahu, taught: There are seven hundred types of** non-kosher **fish, and eight hundred types of** non-kosher **grasshopper, and there are countless birds.** The Gemara protests: Are there countless non-kosher **birds?** But **there are** only **twenty-four** non-kosher birds mentioned in the Torah. **Rather,** Avimi must have meant: **And there are countless kosher birds.** ###### Chullin 63b:9 [Chullin 63b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:9) תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: גָּלוּי וְיָדוּעַ לִפְנֵי מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם שֶׁבְּהֵמָה טְמֵאָה מְרוּבָּה מִן הַטְּהוֹרוֹת, לְפִיכָךְ מָנָה הַכָּתוּב בַּטְּהוֹרָה. גָּלוּי וְיָדוּעַ לִפְנֵי מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם שֶׁעוֹפוֹת טְהוֹרִין מְרוּבִּין עַל הַטְּמֵאִין, לְפִיכָךְ מָנָה הַכָּתוּב בַּטְּמֵאִין. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **It is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says: It is revealed and known before the One Who spoke and the world came into being that** the species of **non-kosher animals are more numerous than the kosher** ones. **Therefore, the Torah lists the kosher** animals, teaching that all the rest are non-kosher. On the other hand, **it is revealed and known before the One Who spoke and the world came into being that** the species of **kosher birds are more numerous than the non-kosher** ones. **Therefore, the Torah lists the non-kosher** birds. ###### Chullin 63b:10 [Chullin 63b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:10) מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן? כִּדְרַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ אָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי מֵאִיר: לְעוֹלָם יִשְׁנֶה אָדָם לְתַלְמִידוֹ דֶּרֶךְ קְצָרָה. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara asks: **What is** this *baraita* **teaching us?** The Gemara responds: **As Rav Huna says** that **Rav** says, **and some say** that **Rav Huna says** that **Rav says in the name of Rabbi Meir: A person should always teach his student in a concise manner,** just as the Torah is concise in its language. ###### Chullin 63b:11 [Chullin 63b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:11) אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: עוֹף טָהוֹר נֶאֱכָל בְּמָסוֹרֶת, נֶאֱמָן הַצַּיָּיד לוֹמַר: עוֹף זֶה טָהוֹר, מָסַר לִי רַבִּי. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וְהוּא שֶׁבָּקִי בָּהֶן וּבִשְׁמוֹתֵיהֶן. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rabbi Yitzḥak says: A kosher bird may be eaten on** the strength of **a tradition** that it is kosher, without inspecting for the signs listed in the mishna. And **the hunter is deemed credible to say: My teacher conveyed to me** that **this bird is kosher. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And this** is the *halakha* only **when** the teacher **is familiar with** the non-kosher birds **and with their names.** ###### Chullin 63b:12 [Chullin 63b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:12) בָּעֵי רַבִּי זֵירָא: רַבּוֹ חָכָם, אוֹ רַבּוֹ צַיָּיד? תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וְהוּא שֶׁבָּקִי בָּהֶן וּבִשְׁמוֹתֵיהֶן. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא רַבּוֹ צַיָּיד – שַׁפִּיר, אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ רַבּוֹ חָכָם, בִּשְׁלָמָא שְׁמַיְיהוּ גְּמִיר לְהוּ, אֶלָּא אִינְהוּ מִי יָדַע לְהוּ? אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: רַבּוֹ צַיָּיד. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rabbi Zeira raises a dilemma:** Was Rabbi Yoḥanan referring to the hunter’s **teacher the Sage, or** to **his teacher the hunter,** i.e., the one who taught him how to hunt? The Gemara responds: **Come** and **hear** proof from that **which Rabbi Yoḥanan said: And this** applies only **when** the teacher **is familiar with them and with their names. Granted, if you say** this is referring to **his teacher the hunter,** this works out **well. But if you say** it is referring to **his teacher the Sage, granted,** a Sage will know **their names,** since **he has learned them, but does he recognize** the birds **themselves? Rather,** must one **not conclude from it** that Rabbi Yoḥanan referred to **his teacher the hunter?** The Gemara concludes: Indeed, **conclude from it** that this is so. ###### Chullin 63b:13 [Chullin 63b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:13) תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: לוֹקְחִין בֵּיצִים מִן הַגּוֹיִם בְּכׇל מָקוֹם, וְאֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין לֹא מִשּׁוּם נְבֵלוֹת וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם טְרֵפוֹת. **William Davidson Edition - English:** § **The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: **One may buy eggs from the gentiles anywhere, and one** need **not** be **concerned, neither with regard to carcasses,** i.e., that the egg may have been removed from a carcass of a bird and therefore forbidden, **nor with regard to** eggs from ***tereifot*,** because neither of these possibilities is likely. ###### Chullin 63b:14 [Chullin 63b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:14) וְדִילְמָא דְּעוֹף טָמֵא נִינְהוּ? אָמַר אֲבוּהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל: בְּאוֹמֵר שֶׁל עוֹף פְּלוֹנִי טָהוֹר. וְלֵימָא שֶׁל עוֹף טָהוֹר? אִי הָכִי, אִית לֵיהּ לְאִישְׁתְּמוֹטֵי. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara objects: **But perhaps they** are from **a non-kosher bird. Shmuel’s father said:** The *baraita* is referring **to** a case where the gentile **says** they are **of such and such bird,** which is known to be **kosher.** The Gemara challenges: **But** if the gentile is deemed credible, **let him say** only that they are **of a kosher bird.** Why does he need to name the species? The Gemara responds: **If so,** if he does not name the species, **he has** the opportunity to **deflect** scrutiny if he is dishonest; but if he names the species, one can bring other eggs of the same species to compare and validate the claim. ###### Chullin 63b:15 [Chullin 63b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/63b:15) וְלִבְדּוֹק בְּסִימָנִין! דְּתַנְיָא: כְּסִימָנֵי בֵיצִים כָּךְ סִימָנֵי דָגִים. סִימָנֵי דָגִים סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ? ״סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא! אֶלָּא אֵימָא: כָּךְ סִימָנֵי **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara asks: **But** why must one rely on the gentile? **Let him inspect** the eggs **for signs, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Like the signs of** kosher **eggs, so** too are **the signs of fish.** The Gemara interjects: Can it **enter your mind** that the *baraita* is referring to **the signs of fish? The Merciful One states** them explicitly in the Torah: **“Fins and scales”** (Leviticus 11:9). **Rather, say: So** too are **the signs of**