## Chullin Daf 66b

###### Chullin 66b:1
[Chullin 66b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:1)

אֲקוּנָס וַאֲפוּנָס כְּסֶפַּתְיָאס וְאֶכְּסְפַּטְיָאס וַאֲטוּנָס – הֲרֵי זֶה מוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
the ***akunas*, and** the ***afunas*,** and the ***kesaftiyas*, and** the ***akhsaftiyas*, and** the ***atunas*, it is permitted.**


###### Chullin 66b:2
[Chullin 66b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:2)

תְּנַן הָתָם: כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת יֵשׁ לוֹ סְנַפִּיר, וְיֵשׁ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְאֵין לוֹ קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת. יֵשׁ לוֹ קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת וְיֵשׁ לוֹ סְנַפִּיר – דָּג טָהוֹר, יֵשׁ לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְאֵין לוֹ קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת – דָּג טָמֵא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**We learned** in a mishna **elsewhere** (*Nidda* 51b): **Any** fish **that has scales** certainly **has fins, but there are** fish **that have fins and do not have scales.** Any fish that **has scales and fins** is **a kosher fish.** If **it has fins but no scales,** it is **a non-kosher fish.**


###### Chullin 66b:3
[Chullin 66b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:3)

מִכְּדֵי אַקַּשְׂקֶשֶׂת קָא סָמְכִינַן, לִיכְתּוֹב רַחֲמָנָא קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת וְלָא לִיכְתּוֹב סְנַפִּיר! אִי כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת וְלָא כְּתַב סְנַפִּיר, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: מַאי קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת? סְנַפִּיר, וַאֲפִילּוּ דָּג טָמֵא. כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Now,** since **we rely** only **on scales** to deem a fish kosher, presuming that if it has scales it must have fins as well, **let the Merciful One write** only **“scales”** as the sign of a kosher fish **and let** Him **not write “fins”** at all. The Gemara responds: **If the Merciful One had written: Scales [*kaskeset*], and had not written: Fins [*senappir*], I would say: What** is ***kaskeset*?** It is **fins. And** I would thereby come to permit **even non-kosher fish.** Therefore, **the Merciful One stated: “*Senappir* and *kaskeset*,”** to leave no room for error.


###### Chullin 66b:4
[Chullin 66b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:4)

וְהַשְׁתָּא דִּכְתַב רַחֲמָנָא סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת, מִמַּאי דְּקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת לְבוּשָׁא הוּא, דִּכְתִיב ״וְשִׁרְיוֹן קַשְׂקַשִּׂים הוּא לָבוּשׁ״, וְלִיכְתּוֹב רַחֲמָנָא קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת וְלָא לִיכְתּוֹב סְנַפִּיר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But now that the Merciful One has written: “*Senappir* and *kaskeset*,” from where** is it derived that ***kaskeset*** denotes **clothing,** i.e., scales, rather than fins? **As it is written: “And he was clad with a coat of scale armor [*kaskasim*]”** (I Samuel 17:5). And if it is certain that *kaskeset* refers to scales, the question resurfaces: **Let the Merciful One write** only **“*kaskeset*,” and let** Him **not write “*senappir*.”**


###### Chullin 66b:5
[Chullin 66b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:5)

אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, וְכֵן תָּנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: ״יַגְדִּיל תּוֹרָה וְיַאְדִּיר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Abbahu said, and so the *tanna* of the school of Rabbi Yishmael** taught: The Holy One, Blessed be He, wished to bestow good upon the Jewish people. Therefore, He made their Torah abundant, as it is written: “The Lord was pleased, for His righteousness’ sake, **to make Torah great and glorious”** (Isaiah 42:21). He consequently expanded some aspects of the Torah more than strictly necessary.


###### Chullin 66b:6
[Chullin 66b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:6)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מִמַּשְׁמָע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״אֱכוֹל אֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ״, שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי ״אַל תֹּאכַל אֶת שֶׁאֵין לוֹ״, וּמִמַּשְׁמָע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״אַל תֹּאכַל אֶת שֶׁאֵין לוֹ״, שׁוֹמֵעַ אֲנִי ״אֱכוֹל אֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ״. וְלָמָּה שְׁנָאָן? לַעֲבוֹר עָלָיו בַּעֲשֵׂה וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: The Torah states the prohibition of non-kosher fish both positively and negatively: “These may you eat of all that are in the waters: Whatever has fins and scales…them you may eat. And all that have not fins and scales…they are a detestable thing unto you” (Leviticus 11:9–10). **From the implication** of **that** which **is stated: Eat** fish **that have** these signs, **I** would **derive** the inverse: **Do not eat** fish **that do not have** them. **And from the implication** of **that** which **is stated: Do not eat** fish **that do not have** them, **I** would **derive** the inverse: **Eat** fish **that have** them. If so, **why** did the Torah **teach** both of **them?** It is in order **to** indicate that one who eats non-kosher fish **transgresses, on its account,** both **a positive mitzva and a prohibition.**


###### Chullin 66b:7
[Chullin 66b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:7)

״תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם״, מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר? שֶׁיָּכוֹל הוֹאִיל וְהִתִּיר בִּמְפוֹרָשׁ וְהִתִּיר בִּסְתָם, מָה כְּשֶׁהִתִּיר בִּמְפוֹרָשׁ לֹא הִתִּיר אֶלָּא בְּכֵלִים, אַף כְּשֶׁהִתִּיר בִּסְתָם לֹא הִתִּיר אֶלָּא בְּכֵלִים. מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת, שֶׁשּׁוֹחֶה וְשׁוֹתֶה מֵהֶן וְאֵינוֹ נִמְנָע? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Given that the verse states: “Whatever has fins and scales…them may you eat,” **what** is the meaning when **the verse states:** “These **may you eat of all that are in the waters?”** Why is this necessary? It is necessary, **as** without this verse one **might** have thought: **Since** the Torah **permitted** creeping creatures of the water without fins and scales **explicitly and** also **permitted** them **implicitly,** one can infer: **Just as when** the Torah **permitted** such creatures **explicitly, it permitted** them **only** when **in vessels, so too, when it permitted** them **implicitly, it permitted** them **only in vessels. From where** is it derived **to include** as kosher even those in **pits, ditches, and caves, that** one may **bend down and drink from them and** need **not refrain** from drinking the creeping creatures in them? **The verse states:** “These **may you eat of all that are in the waters,”** to indicate that this is permitted.


###### Chullin 66b:8
[Chullin 66b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:8)

הֵיכָן הִתִּיר בְּכֵלִים? דִּכְתִיב: ״אֶת זֶה תֹּאכְלוּ מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר בַּמָּיִם וְגוֹ׳״, בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים הוּא דְּכִי אִית לֵיהּ – אֱכוֹל, דְּלֵית לֵיהּ – לָא תֵּיכוֹל, הָא בְּכֵלִים – אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֵית לֵיהּ – אֱכוֹל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates: **Where did** the Torah **permit** them **in vessels?** It did so in the following verse, **as it is written: “These may you eat of all that are in the waters:** Whatever has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may you eat.” It would have been sufficient to write simply: “In the waters.” The addition of “in the seas and in the rivers” indicates that **it is** only **in the seas and in the rivers that when it has** fins and scales you may **eat** it, and that **you** may **not eat** one **that does not have** them. **But** with regard to a creeping creature found **in vessels, even if it does not have** fins and scales you may **eat** it.


###### Chullin 66b:9
[Chullin 66b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:9)

אֵימָא: בְּכֵלִים – אַף עַל גַּב דְּאִית לֵיהּ לָא תֵּיכוֹל? לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים מִכֹּל שֶׁרֶץ הַמַּיִם״ – בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים דְּלֵית לֵיהּ לָא תֵּיכוֹל, הָא בְּכֵלִים – אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֵית לֵיהּ אֱכוֹל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: One could just as easily **say** the opposite: You may eat a fish that has these signs only when it is found in seas and rivers, but **in vessels, even if it has** fins and scales, **you** may **not eat** it. The Gemara responds: This should **not enter your mind, as it is written: “And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters,** they are a detestable thing to you.” The verse indicates that it is only **in the seas and in the rivers that you** may **not eat** a fish **that does not have** fins and scales. **But** you may **eat** a creeping creature found **in vessels, even if it does not have** fins and scales.


###### Chullin 66b:10
[Chullin 66b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:10)

וְאֵימָא: ״בַּמַּיִם״ – כָּלַל, ״בַּיַּמִּים וּבַנְּחָלִים״ – פָּרַט, כְּלָל וּפְרָט – אֵין בַּכְּלָל אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁבַּפְּרָט; יַמִּים וּנְחָלִים – אִין, נְעִיצִין וַחֲרִיצִין – לֹא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara objects: **But** one can prove whether it is permitted to drink from pits, ditches, and caves differently. **Say** instead that the phrase “whatever has fins and scales **in the waters”** is **a generalization,** and the phrase **“in the seas and in the rivers”** is **a detail.** In any instance of **a generalization and a detail, the generalization only includes that which is** spelled out **in the detail.** Therefore, in the **seas and rivers, yes,** one may eat only fish with fins and scales, but in **water channels and trenches,** as well as pits, ditches, and caves, this restriction does **not** apply. Consequently, the clause “These may you eat of all that are in the waters” is unnecessary.


###### Chullin 66b:11
[Chullin 66b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:11)

״בַּמַּיִם״ – חָזַר וְכָלַל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara responds: This deduction is not sound. The term **“in the waters”** appears twice in the verse. When the verse repeated it, **it then generalized** again. Consequently, there are two generalizations and one detail in the verse, making it an instance of a generalization, a detail, and a generalization, which includes all cases similar to the detail, including pits, ditches, and caves, indicating that the restriction applies to them as well. Therefore, the clause “These may you eat of all that are in the waters” is necessary to teach that all fish in pits, ditches, and caves are permitted.


###### Chullin 66b:12
[Chullin 66b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Chullin/r/66b:12)

הָנֵי תְּרֵי כְּלָלֵי דִּסְמִיכִי לַהֲדָדֵי נִינְהוּ, אָמַר רָבִינָא: כִּדְאָמְרִי בְּמַעְרְבָא, כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתָּה מוֹצֵא שְׁנֵי כְּלָלוֹת הַסְּמוּכִין זֶה לָזֶה –

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: How can this verse be an instance of a generalization, a detail, and a generalization? **These are two generalizations that are adjacent to each other.** Both instances of the term “in the waters” precede the detail, such that the verse is actually a generalization, a generalization, and a detail. **Ravina said: As they say in the West,** Eretz Yisrael: **Wherever you find two generalizations juxtaposed one with the other,** followed by a specific detail,