## Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction

###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 1
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**בְּבֵאוּר אָפְנֵי חִיּוּב כְּנִיעָתֵנוּ לֵאלֹהִים יִתְבָּרַךְ. וְזֶה פֶּתַח הַשַּׁעַר:**
אָמַר הַמְחַבֵּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁקָּדַם מַאֲמָרֵנוּ לְיַחֵד הַמַּעֲשִׂים לֵאלֹהִים לְבַדּוֹ וְהָיְתָה הַגַּאֲוָה בַּמַּעֲשִׂים הַמְיֻחָדִים לֵאלֹהִים מַשֶּׂגֶת אֶת בַּעֲלֵיהֶם יוֹתֵר מְהֵרָה מִכָּל הַפְּגָעִים הַמַּשִּׂיגִים אוֹתָם וְהָיָה הֶפְסֵדָהּ לַמַּעֲשִׂים הַרְבֵּה מְאֹד רָאִיתִי כִּי הַנָּחוּץ שֶׁבַּדְּבָרִים שֶׁאֲנִי צָרִיךְ לָהֶם הוּא לִסְמֹךְ לוֹ מָה שֶׁיַּרְחִיקֶנָּה מִן הָאָדָם וְהִיא הַכְּנִיעָה,

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
Since our previous discussion dealt with the duty to devote one's acts wholeheartedly to G-d alone, and arrogance in the acts devoted to G-d was found to seize the person more swiftly than any other potential damager, and that its damage to these acts is exceedingly great, I deemed pressing to follow the discussion with that which will distance arrogance from man, namely, submission.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 2
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וּמִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּתְבָּרֵר לָנוּ עוֹד שֶׁהִיא שֹׁרֶשׁ הָעַבְדוּת וּבָהּ יִתָּכֵן לְהִבָּדֵל הָעֶבֶד מִמִּדּוֹת הָאַדְנוּת.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
And furthermore, because it is clear to us that submission is the root of servant hood, and this trait of submission alone is what separates a servant from the traits of master hood.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 3
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וְהַהוֹדָאָה לֵאלֹהִים בְּהִתְיַחֲדוֹ בָּהֶם לְבַדּוֹ מִבַּלְעֲדֵי הַבְּרוּאִים.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
And also to come to acknowledge that G-d is singular in this attribute unlike the creations.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 4
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כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר דָּוִד ע״ה (ד״ה א כט) לְךָ ה׳ הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת וְהַנֵּצַח וְהַהוֹד וְגוֹ׳ וְאָמַר (תהלים פט) כִּי מִי בַשַּׁחַק יַעֲרֹךְ לַה׳ יִדְמֶה לַה׳ וְגוֹ׳.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
As King David said: "Yours, O L-ord, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty [for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is Yours; Yours is the kingdom, O L-ord, and you are exalted as Head above all]" (Divrei hayamim 29:11), and *"For who in the heavens can be compared to the L-ord? [Who] among the mighty can be likened to the L-ord?"* (Tehilim 89:7).


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 5
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וּמִטִּיבָהּ עוֹד כִּי הִיא מַרְחֶקֶת מִן הָאָדָם הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגָּאוֹן וְהַגֹּבַהּ וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת וְהַשְּׂרָרָה וּרְדוֹת בַּכֹּל (ס״א ושליט בדל) וַחֲמֹד מָה שֶׁהוּא גָּדוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ וְהַדּוֹמֶה לָזֶה מַסְעִיפֵי הַגַּאֲוָה,

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
Furthermore, it is the nature of this trait (of submission) to distance a man from the grandiose, from presumption, pride, haughtiness, thinking highly of oneself, desire for dominion over others, lust to control everything, coveting what is above one and similar outgrowths of arrogance.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 6
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וְרָאוּי עַתָּה שֶׁנְּבָאֵר מִדְּבַר הַכְּנִיעָה עֲשָׂרָה דְּבָרִים.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
It is now proper for us to clarify 10 things on the subject of submission.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 7
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הָאֶחָד מָה הִיא הַכְּנִיעָה.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
1. What is submission?


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 8
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וְהַשֵּׁנִי לְכַמָּה חֲלָקִים תֵּחָלֵק.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
2. How many divisions it divides into.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 9
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וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי בַּמֶּה תִּהְיֶה הַכְּנִיעָה.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
3. what brings to submission?


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 10
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וְהָרְבִיעִי בְּאֵיזֶה עִנְיָן צָרִיךְ לְהִתְנַהֵג בָּהּ.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
4. How should one conduct himself in it?


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 11
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וְהַחֲמִישִׁי אֵיךְ אָפְנֵי קְנוֹתָהּ.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
5. How one acquires it.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 12
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וְהַשִּׁשִּׁי בְּתֹכֶן הַמִּנְהָג שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְהִתְנַהֵג בּוֹ הַנִּכְנָע.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
6. How the submitted should conduct himself.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 13
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וְהַשְּׁבִיעִי מָתַי תִּתָּכֵן הַכְּנִיעָה מִן הַנִּכְנָע וּמָתַי לֹא תִּתָּכֵן.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
7. When it is proper when is it not proper?


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 14
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וְהַשְּׁמִינִי שֶׁנְּבָאֵר אִם הַכְּנִיעָה סְמוּכָה לַמִּדּוֹת הַטּוֹבוֹת אוֹ הַמִּדּוֹת הַטּוֹבוֹת סְמוּכוֹת לָהּ (ס״א אם הכניעה תלויה במדות או המדות תלויות בה.).

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
8. Does submission depend on good traits or the opposite.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 15
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וְהַתְּשִׁיעִי אִם יִתָּכֵן לְהִתְקַבֵּץ בְּלֵב הָאָדָם הַגַּאֲוָה וְהַכְּנִיעָה אִם לֹא.

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
9. If it is possible for a man's heart to contain submission and arrogance simultaneously.


###### Duties of the Heart, Sixth Treatise on Submission, Introduction 16
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וְהָעֲשִׂירִי בֵּאוּר תּוֹעֶלֶת הַכְּנִיעָה בְּעִנְיְנֵי העוה״ז והעוה״ב:

**Duties of the Heart, trans. Rabbi Yosef Sebag:**
10. benefits of submission in this world and in the next.