## Eruvin Daf 3b

###### Eruvin 3b:1
[Eruvin 3b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:1)

חֲלַל סוּכָּה תְּנַן, חֲלַל מָבוֹי תְּנַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
as that which **we learned** in the mishna, with regard to the unfitness of a *sukka* higher than twenty cubits, is referring to the interior **space of the *sukka*;** and that which **we learned** in the mishna, that a cross beam spanning an alleyway that is more than twenty cubits must be lowered, is referring to the **space** at the entrance **of the alleyway** beneath the cross beam.


###### Eruvin 3b:2
[Eruvin 3b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:2)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְרָבָא, תַּנְיָא דִּמְסַיַּיע לָךְ: מָבוֹי שֶׁהוּא גָּבוֹהַּ מֵעֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה יוֹתֵר מִפִּתְחוֹ שֶׁל הֵיכָל יְמַעֵט. וְהֵיכָל גּוּפוֹ חֲלָלוֹ עֶשְׂרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said to Rava:** A *baraita* **was taught that supports your** opinion: If the cross beam spanning the entrance of **an alleyway is higher than twenty cubits** off the ground, **greater than the entrance of the Sanctuary, one must diminish its** height. **And the space of the** entrance of the **Sanctuary itself was twenty** cubits high, and its roof was higher than twenty cubits. Apparently, the twenty cubits mentioned with regard to a *sukka* and an alleyway refers to the space beneath the roofing and the cross beam.


###### Eruvin 3b:3
[Eruvin 3b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:3)

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַב שִׁימִי בַּר רַב אָשֵׁי לְרַב פָּפָּא: כֵּיצַד הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה — מַנִּיחַ קוֹרָה מִשְּׂפַת עֶשְׂרִים וּלְמַטָּה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Shimi bar Rav Ashi raised an objection to Rav Pappa** from the *Tosefta*: **How** precisely **would he do it? He places the** cross **beam from the edge of twenty** cubits **and below.** Apparently, the entire cross beam must be within twenty cubits of the ground, and if any part of it rises above twenty it is unfit.


###### Eruvin 3b:4
[Eruvin 3b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:4)

אֵימָא: ״וּלְמַעְלָה״. וְהָא ״לְמַטָּה״ קָתָנֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Pappa replied: Emend the *Tosefta* and **say:** From the edge of twenty cubits **and above.** Rav Shimi retorted: **But isn’t it taught:** And **below?** What justification is there to completely reverse the meaning of the *Tosefta*?


###### Eruvin 3b:5
[Eruvin 3b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:5)

הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן, דִּלְמַטָּה כִּלְמַעְלָה: מָה לְמַעְלָה חֲלָלָהּ עֶשְׂרִים, אַף לְמַטָּה חֲלָלָהּ עֲשָׂרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava explained that there is no need to emend the language of the *baraita*, but merely to reinterpret it. The *baraita* **is teaching us the following:** The *halakha* **below is like** the *halakha* **above. Just as above,** with regard to the maximum height of the cross beam, it is the **space** beneath the cross beam that may not be more than **twenty** cubits, **so** too **below,** with regard to the minimum height of the cross beam, it is the **space** beneath the cross beam that may not be less than **ten** handbreadths. However, a cross beam placed within ten handbreadths of the ground is unfit and does not render it permitted to carry within the alleyway.


###### Eruvin 3b:6
[Eruvin 3b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:6)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב נַחְמָן: אַמַּת סוּכָּה וְאַמַּת מָבוֹי בְּאַמָּה בַּת חֲמִשָּׁה, אַמַּת כִּלְאַיִם בְּאַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara considers the measure of the cubit mentioned in the mishna and elsewhere. **Abaye said in the name of Rav Naḥman: The cubit** mentioned with regard to the *halakhot* **of *sukka* and the cubit** mentioned in connection with the *halakhot* **of an alleyway** is **a** small **cubit** consisting **of five** handbreadths. In contrast, **the cubit of** a forbidden mixture of **diverse kinds** of seeds is **a** large **cubit** consisting **of six** handbreadths. Apparently, Rav Naḥman rules stringently in all cases.


###### Eruvin 3b:7
[Eruvin 3b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:7)

אַמַּת מָבוֹי בְּאַמָּה בַּת חֲמִשָּׁה, לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא? לְגוֹבְהוֹ וּלְפִירְצַת מָבוֹי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates: **The cubit of an alleyway is a cubit** consisting **of five** handbreadths. **With regard to what *halakha*** does this ruling apply? It applies **to** the issue of the height of the cross beam spanning an alleyway that may not be more than twenty cubits high, **and to the breach of an alleyway** that may not be more than ten cubits wide.


###### Eruvin 3b:8
[Eruvin 3b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:8)

וְהָא אִיכָּא מֶשֶׁךְ מָבוֹי בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, דִּלְקוּלָּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara poses a question: **But isn’t there** also the issue of **the** minimal **length of an alleyway?** For carrying in an alleyway to be rendered permissible by means of a side post or a cross beam, it must be at least **four cubits** long. In that case, measuring the alleyway with small cubits will lead **to a leniency.**


###### Eruvin 3b:9
[Eruvin 3b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:9)

כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר בְּאַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara resolves this difficulty: Rav Naḥman holds **in accordance with the one who said** that the length of an alleyway need only be **four handbreadths.** However, a cubit mentioned in the context of an alleyway is always a small cubit, which is a stringency.


###### Eruvin 3b:10
[Eruvin 3b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:10)

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא, בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת — וְרוֹב אַמּוֹת קָאָמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara proposes an alternative solution: **And if you wish, say** instead that actually Rav Naḥman holds in accordance with the opinion that the length of an alleyway must be **four cubits,** and in that case, the alleyway is measured with large cubits of six handbreadths as a stringency. When he is saying that the cubit of an alleyway is a cubit of five handbreadths, **he is speaking of most,** but not all, **cubits** mentioned in the context of an alleyway.


###### Eruvin 3b:11
[Eruvin 3b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:11)

אַמַּת סוּכָּה בְּאַמָּה בַּת חֲמִשָּׁה, לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא? לְגוֹבְהָהּ וּלְדוֹפֶן עֲקוּמָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman said that **the cubit of a *sukka*** is **a** small **cubit** consisting **of five** handbreadths. The Gemara asks: **With regard to what *halakha*** does this ruling apply? It applies **to** the *halakha* governing **its height,** i.e., that a *sukka* may not be more than twenty cubits high, **and to the** *halakha* of **a curved wall.** A *sukka* is considered valid if there are up to four cubits of invalid roofing, provided that this roofing is adjacent to one of the walls of the *sukka*. In that case, the invalid roofing is considered an extension of the wall, i.e., the wall is considered to be curved, and consequently, the entire *sukka* is valid. With regard to both *halakhot*, the ruling is stringent and distance is measured with small cubits.


###### Eruvin 3b:12
[Eruvin 3b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:12)

וְהָא אִיכָּא מֶשֶׁךְ סוּכָּה בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, דִּלְקוּלָּא! דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: אוֹמֵר אֲנִי, כׇּל סוּכָּה שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת פְּסוּלָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But isn’t there** also the *halakha* of **the** minimal **length of a *sukka*,** which must be at least **four cubits** long? If it is measured with small cubits, **that** will lead **to a leniency. As it was taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says: I say, any *sukka* that does not** have **in it** an area of at least **four cubits by four cubits is invalid.**


###### Eruvin 3b:13
[Eruvin 3b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:13)

כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאָמְרִי: אֲפִילּוּ אֵינָהּ מַחְזֶקֶת אֶלָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרוּבּוֹ וְשׁוּלְחָנוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara resolves this difficulty: Rav Naḥman holds **in accordance with** the opinion of **the Rabbis, who say:** A *sukka* is valid **even if it holds only one’s head, most of his** body, **and his table.**


###### Eruvin 3b:14
[Eruvin 3b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:14)

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: לְעוֹלָם רַבִּי הִיא, וְרוֹב אַמּוֹת קָאָמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests another solution: **And if you wish, say** instead: **Actually,** Rav Naḥman’s statement holds true even if **it is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi that a *sukka* must be at least four cubits long. Indeed, the *sukka* is measured with large cubits consisting of six handbreadths, which is a stringency. **And** when he says that the cubit of a *sukka* is a cubit of five handbreadths, **he is speaking of most,** but not all, **cubits** mentioned with regard to *sukka*.


###### Eruvin 3b:15
[Eruvin 3b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:15)

אַמַּת כִּלְאַיִם בְּאַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה, לְמַאי הִילְכְתָא? לְקָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם וְלִמְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara continues: As stated above, Rav Naḥman said that **the cubit of a** forbidden mixture of **diverse kinds** of seeds **is a cubit** consisting **of six handbreadths.** The Gemara asks: **With regard to what *halakha*** does this ruling apply? It applies **to** the *halakha* of **a clearing in a vineyard and to** the *halakha* of **the perimeter of a vineyard.**


###### Eruvin 3b:16
[Eruvin 3b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:16)

דִּתְנַן: קָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמּוֹת. וּמְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמּוֹת, וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמּוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As we learned** in a mishna in tractate *Kilayim*: With regard to **a clearing in a vineyard, Beit Shammai say:** Its measure is **twenty-four cubits, and Beit Hillel say: Sixteen cubits.** With regard to **the perimeter of a vineyard, Beit Shammai say: Sixteen cubits, and Beit Hillel say: Twelve cubits.**


###### Eruvin 3b:17
[Eruvin 3b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:17)

אֵיזוֹ הִיא קָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם? כֶּרֶם שֶׁחָרַב אֶמְצָעִיתוֹ, אֵין שָׁם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמּוֹת לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. הָיוּ שָׁם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה — נוֹתֵן לוֹ כְּדֵי עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna explains: **What is a clearing in a vineyard?** It is referring to **a vineyard whose middle** section **was laid bare** of vines. If **there are not sixteen cubits** across in the clearing, **one may not bring** foreign **seeds** and sow them **there,** due to the Torah prohibition against sowing other crops in a vineyard (Deuteronomy 22:9). If **there were sixteen cubits** across in the clearing, **one provides** the vineyard with **its** requisite **work area,** i.e., four cubits along either side of the vines are left unsown to facilitate cultivation of the vines, **and he sows the rest** of the cleared area with foreign crops.


###### Eruvin 3b:18
[Eruvin 3b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:18)

וְאֵיזֶהוּ מְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם — בֵּין כֶּרֶם לַגָּדֵר. אֵין שָׁם שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. הָיוּ שָׁם שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה — נוֹתֵן לוֹ כְּדֵי עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַשְּׁאָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna continues: **What is the perimeter of a vineyard?** It is the vacant area **between the vineyard and the fence** surrounding it. If **there are not twelve cubits** in that area, **one may not bring** foreign **seeds** and sow them **there.** If **there were twelve cubits** in that area, **he provides** the vineyard, with **its** requisite **work area,** four cubits, **and he sows the rest.**


###### Eruvin 3b:19
[Eruvin 3b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:19)

וְהָא אִיכָּא רְצוּפִים בְּאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, דִּלְקוּלָּא! דִּתְנַן: כֶּרֶם הַנָּטוּעַ עַל פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ כֶּרֶם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: כֶּרֶם, וְרוֹאִין אֶת הָאֶמְצָעִיִּים כְּאִילּוּ אֵינָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: **But isn’t there** also the *halakha* of vines that planted **consecutively, within four cubits** of each other, with regard to **which** measuring the distance with large cubits would lead **to a leniency? As we learned** in a mishna: With regard to **a vineyard that was planted** in consecutive rows **with less than four cubits** between them, **Rabbi Shimon says:** Since the rows are planted so closely together, **it is not** considered **a vineyard,** and if one plants other crops there he is not liable. **And the Rabbis say:** It is **a vineyard, and one regards the middle** vines, those planted between two appropriately spaced rows, **as if they are not** there. One who plants other crops there is indeed liable. According to Rabbi Shimon’s opinion, measuring the distance between the rows with large cubits leads to leniency.


###### Eruvin 3b:20
[Eruvin 3b:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:20)

כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאָמְרִי הָוֵי כֶּרֶם. וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: לְעוֹלָם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וְרוֹב אַמּוֹת קָאָמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara resolves the difficulty: Rav Naḥman made his statement **in accordance with** the opinion of **the Rabbis, who say** that a densely planted vineyard **is a vineyard. And if you wish, say** instead: **Actually,** Rav Naḥman’s statement holds true even if **it is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon,** that a densely planted vineyard is not a vineyard, and the distance between the rows is measured with small cubits consisting of five handbreadths as a stringency. When he says that the cubit of diverse kinds of seeds is a cubit consisting of six handbreadths, **he is speaking of most,** but not all, **cubits** mentioned with regard to a forbidden mixture of diverse kinds of seeds.


###### Eruvin 3b:21
[Eruvin 3b:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:21)

וְרָבָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב נַחְמָן אָמַר: כׇּל אַמּוֹת בְּאַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה, אֶלָּא: הַלָּלוּ שׂוֹחֲקוֹת, וְהַלָּלוּ עֲצֵבוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The above was based on the ruling of Rav Naḥman according to Abaye. **But Rava said in the name of Rav Naḥman: All cubits** mentioned in measurements by the Sages consisted of a large **cubit of six** handbreadths. **However, these,** the cubits mentioned with regard to diverse kinds of seeds, **are** measured with **expansive** handbreadths, with the fingers spread apart, **whereas those,** the cubits mentioned with regard to an alleyway and a *sukka*, **are** measured with **compressed** handbreadths, with the fingers held together.


###### Eruvin 3b:22
[Eruvin 3b:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/3b:22)

מֵיתִיבִי: כׇּל אַמּוֹת שֶׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים בְּאַמָּה בַּת שִׁשָּׁה, וּבִלְבַד

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Gemara raises an objection** from a *baraita*: **All cubits that were mentioned by the Sages are cubits of six** handbreadths, **provided**