## Eruvin Daf 43a

###### Eruvin 43a:1
[Eruvin 43a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:1)

לְהַבְרִיחַ מַיִם עֲשׂוּיוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
for **they are** only **made to keep the water out;** that is to say, a boat’s walls are not designed to turn it into a place of residence, but to protect it from the water. Therefore, they do not have the status of partitions made for the purpose of residence.


###### Eruvin 43a:2
[Eruvin 43a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:2)

וְרַבָּה, מַאי טַעְמָא לָא אָמַר כְּרַבִּי זֵירָא? בִּמְהַלֶּכֶת — כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָא פְלִיגִי. כִּי פְּלִיגִי בְּשֶׁעָמְדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: As for **Rabba, what is the reason he did not state** his opinion **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Zeira?** The Gemara answers: **With regard to** a boat **that is moving, all agree,** i.e., even Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Akiva, that one is permitted to walk about the entire boat. **They disagree** only with regard to a boat **that is stationary.** Rabban Gamliel holds that the boat’s walls constitute effective partitions, whereas Rabbi Yehoshua disagrees.


###### Eruvin 43a:3
[Eruvin 43a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:3)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: מַתְנִיתִין נָמֵי דַּיְקָא דְּבִמְהַלֶּכֶת לָא פְּלִיגִי. מִמַּאי? מִדְּקָתָנֵי: מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ מִפְּלַנְדַּרְסִין וְהִפְלִיגָה סְפִינָתָם בַּיָּם. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה הָלְכוּ אֶת כּוּלָּהּ, וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא לֹא זָזוּ מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, שֶׁרָצוּ לְהַחֲמִיר עַל עַצְמָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: The mishna is also precise** in its implication **that** the *tanna’im* **do not disagree with regard to a moving** boat. The Gemara asks: **From where** is this implied? **From that which is taught:** There was **an incident where** all of these Sages **were coming from Pelandarsin, and their boat set sail on the sea** on Shabbat, taking them out beyond their Shabbat limit. **Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya walked** about **the entire** boat, while **Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Akiva did not move beyond four cubits, as they sought to be stringent with themselves.**


###### Eruvin 43a:4
[Eruvin 43a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:4)

אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא בִּמְהַלֶּכֶת לָא פְּלִיגִי — הַיְינוּ דְּקָתָנֵי ״רָצוּ״, דִּילְמָא עָמְדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak explains: **Granted, if you say** that **they do not disagree with regard to a moving** boat, **that is why it is taught** that they **sought** to be stringent with themselves, i.e., they wished to practice stringency although they were under no obligation to do so, as they were concerned that **perhaps** the boat **will stand,** i.e., come to a stop.


###### Eruvin 43a:5
[Eruvin 43a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:5)

אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ פְּלִיגִי, הַאי ״רָצוּ לְהַחֲמִיר״ — אִיסּוּרָא הוּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But if you say** that **they disagree** even in the case of a boat that is moving, **this** phrase: **Sought to be stringent,** is problematic, for the mishna should not refer to a desire to be stringent, as according to their opinion **it is an** outright **prohibition.**


###### Eruvin 43a:6
[Eruvin 43a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:6)

אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: מַתְנִיתִין נָמֵי דַּיְקָא, דְּקָתָנֵי: סְפִינָה, דֻּומְיָא דְּדִיר וְסַהַר. מָה דִּיר וְסַהַר — דִּקְבִיעִי, אַף סְפִינָה נָמֵי דִּקְבִיעָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the previous issue, **Rav Ashi said: The mishna is also precise,** implying this point in another manner as well, **for it teaches** the law governing a boat **parallel to** the law governing **a pen and a stable. Just as a pen and a stable are fixed** in their place, **so too,** the mishna discusses **a boat that is fixed** in its place.


###### Eruvin 43a:7
[Eruvin 43a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:7)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: הִלְכְתָא כְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בִּסְפִינָה, הִלְכְתָא מִכְּלָל דִּפְלִיגִי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi:** Rav and Shmuel both said that **the *halakha* is in accordance with Rabban Gamliel with regard to a boat,** and if they had to decide **the *halakha*,** then this proves **by inference that** the *tanna’im* **disagreed** about the issue. This is difficult, as the words: They wished to be stringent upon themselves, imply that there was no fundamental dispute at all.


###### Eruvin 43a:8
[Eruvin 43a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:8)

אִין, וְהָתַנְיָא חֲנַנְיָא (בֶּן אֲחִי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ) אוֹמֵר: כׇּל אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם יָשְׁבוּ וְדָנוּ בִּדְבַר הֲלָכָה, אֶמֶשׁ הִכְרִיעַ אֲחִי אַבָּא הֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בִּסְפִינָה, וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בְּדִיר וְסַהַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Ashi replied: **Yes,** the *tanna’im* do in fact disagree about a boat that is standing. When the mishna says that Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Akiva wished to be stringent upon themselves, implying that there is no real dispute, it is referring to a boat that is stationary. **And it was taught** in a *baraita*: **Ḥananya, son of Rabbi Yehoshua’s brother, says: All that day** they spent on the boat, **they sat and discussed the matter of *halakha*;** and come **evening my father’s brother,** i.e., Rabbi Yehoshua, **determined:** The ***halakha* is in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabban Gamliel with regard to a** moving **boat,** i.e., one is permitted to walk about all of it. **And** the ***halakha* is in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Akiva with regard to a pen and a stable,** i.e., one may only walk four cubits in them, and the same applies to a stationary boat.


###### Eruvin 43a:9
[Eruvin 43a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:9)

בָּעֵי רַב חֲנַנְיָא: יֵשׁ תְּחוּמִין לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה, אוֹ אֵין תְּחוּמִין לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ḥananya raised a dilemma: Does** the prohibition of Shabbat **limits** apply **above ten** handbreadths from the ground, **or** perhaps does the prohibition of Shabbat **limits not** apply **above ten** handbreadths? In other words, does the Shabbat limit apply only close to the ground, in which case walking more than ten handbreadths above the ground, would be permitted?


###### Eruvin 43a:10
[Eruvin 43a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:10)

עַמּוּד גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, לָא תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ — דְּאַרְעָא סְמִיכְתָּא הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara clarifies the case in which this dilemma arises: With regard to **a post ten** handbreadths **high and four** handbreadths **wide,** partly within the limit and partly outside of it, this case **should not be a dilemma for you.** Such a stable post **is** like **solid ground,** although it differs from the surrounding area in height; therefore, it is prohibited to walk from the part within the limit to the part outside of it.


###### Eruvin 43a:11
[Eruvin 43a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:11)

כִּי תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ, בְּעַמּוּד גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְאֵינוֹ רָחָב אַרְבָּעָה. אִי נָמֵי, דְּקָאָזֵיל בִּקְפִיצָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The case **where** there **should be a dilemma for you** is that of **a post ten** handbreadths **high but not four** handbreadths **wide,** or the like. **Alternatively,** the case is one **where he advances by way of a leap** in the air above ten handbreadths from the ground.


###### Eruvin 43a:12
[Eruvin 43a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:12)

לִישָּׁנָא אַחֲרִינָא: בִּסְפִינָה, מַאי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara presents **another version** of the previous dilemma: **What is** the *halakha* **with regard to a boat** sailing on the surface of the water more than ten handbreadths from the sea or river bed? Does the prohibition of Shabbat limits apply or not?


###### Eruvin 43a:13
[Eruvin 43a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:13)

אָמַר רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָא, תָּא שְׁמַע: מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּאוּ מִפְּלַנְדַּרְסִין וְהִפְלִיגָה סְפִינָתָם בַּיָּם וְכוּ׳, אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא יֵשׁ תְּחוּמִין — מִשּׁוּם הָכִי רָצוּ. אֶלָּא, אִי אָמְרַתְּ אֵין תְּחוּמִין — אַמַּאי רָצוּ?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Hoshaya said: Come** and **hear** a resolution to this dilemma from what was taught in the mishna: **It once happened that** all of these Sages **were coming from Pelandarsin, and their boat set sail on the sea, etc. Granted, if you say** that the prohibition of Shabbat **limits applies** above ten handbreadths, **this is why** Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Akiva **sought** to be stringent. **However, if you say** that the prohibition of Shabbat **limits** does not apply above ten handbreadths, **why did they seek** to be stringent?


###### Eruvin 43a:14
[Eruvin 43a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:14)

כִּדְאָמַר רָבָא — בִּמְהַלֶּכֶת בִּרְקָק, הָכָא נָמֵי — בִּמְהַלֶּכֶת בִּרְקָק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: It may be suggested **as Rava said** with regard to a parallel case, establishing that case as one where the boat was **moving through** shallow, **swampy water; here, too,** we are dealing with a case **where** the boat **was moving through** shallow, **swampy water,** within ten handbreadths of the sea’s bed, so that the prohibition of Shabbat limits certainly applies.


###### Eruvin 43a:15
[Eruvin 43a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:15)

תָּא שְׁמַע: פַּעַם אַחַת לֹא נִכְנְסוּ לַנָּמָל עַד שֶׁחָשֵׁיכָה וְכוּ׳. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא יֵשׁ תְּחוּמִין — שַׁפִּיר, אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ אֵין תְּחוּמִין — כִּי לֹא הָיִינוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַתְּחוּם, מַאי הָוֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites another proof. **Come** and **hear** a resolution from the mishna: On **one occasion** on a Shabbat eve, **they did not enter the port until after nightfall, etc. Granted, if you say** that the prohibition of Shabbat **limits** applies above ten handbreadths, it was **well** that they asked whether or not they may disembark. **However, if you say** that the prohibition of Shabbat **limits does not apply** above ten handbreadths, even if Rabban Gamliel had told them: **We were not within the** city’s **limit** before nightfall, **what** difference **would it** have made? They could have alighted from the boat, for the boat was above ten handbreadths, where the prohibition of Shabbat limits does not apply.


###### Eruvin 43a:16
[Eruvin 43a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:16)

אָמַר רָבָא: בִּמְהַלֶּכֶת בִּרְקָק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers that **Rava said:** The mishna refers to a case where the boat was **moving through** shallow, **swampy water** within ten handbreadths of the sea’s bed.


###### Eruvin 43a:17
[Eruvin 43a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:17)

תָּא שְׁמַע: הָנֵי שָׁב שְׁמַעְתָּא דְּאִיתְאַמְרָן בְּצַפְרָא בְּשַׁבְּתָא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב חִסְדָּא בְּסוּרָא, בַּהֲדֵי פַּנְיָא בְּשַׁבְּתָא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא בְּפוּמְבְּדִיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites another proof: **Come** and **hear** a resolution from the incident involving **the seven teachings that were** first **said on Shabbat morning before Rav Ḥisda in Sura** and then repeated **toward the conclusion of** that **Shabbat before Rava in Pumbedita,** despite the fact that the distance between them is too great for someone to have traversed it on Shabbat.


###### Eruvin 43a:18
[Eruvin 43a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:18)

מַאן אַמְרִינְהוּ? לָאו אֵלִיָּהוּ אַמְרִינְהוּ? אַלְמָא אֵין תְּחוּמִין לְמַעְלָה מֵעֲשָׂרָה! לָא, דִּלְמָא יוֹסֵף שֵׁידָא אַמְרִינְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Who said** those teachings, and delivered them from one place to the other? Was it **not Elijah** the Prophet, who traveled from Sura to Pumbedita by way of a miraculous leap through the air above ten handbreadths from the ground, **who said them? Apparently,** the prohibition of Shabbat **limits does not apply above ten** handbreadths, for Elijah would not have transgressed this prohibition. The Gemara rejects this argument: This is **no** proof; **perhaps Yosef the demon,** who does not observe Shabbat, **reported these** teachings and brought them from Sura to Pumbedita.


###### Eruvin 43a:19
[Eruvin 43a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/43a:19)

תָּא שְׁמַע: הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר בַּיּוֹם שֶׁבֶּן דָּוִד בָּא — מוּתָּר לִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת וּבְיָמִים טוֹבִים,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara attempts to bring a different proof: **Come** and **hear** that which was taught in a *baraita*: With regard to one who said: **I will be a nazirite on the day that the son of David comes,** i.e., upon the arrival of the Messiah, **he is permitted to drink wine on Shabbat and Festivals,** for the Messiah will not arrive on one of those days.