## Eruvin Daf 56a

###### Eruvin 56a:1
[Eruvin 56a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:1)

פַּת קִיבָּר וְשֵׁכָר חָדָשׁ וְיָרָק. לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא — בְּתוּמֵי וְכַרָּתֵי, הָא — בִּשְׁאָר יַרְקֵי. כִּדְתַנְיָא: שׁוּם — יָרָק, כְּרֵישִׁין — חֲצִי יָרָק, נִרְאֶה צְנוֹן — נִרְאֶה סַם חַיִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**coarse bread,** made from coarse flour that has not been thoroughly sifted, **new beer, and vegetables.** This indicates that vegetables are harmful to one’s well-being. The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult. This** statement of Rav Huna is referring **to garlic and leeks,** which are beneficial; **that** *baraita* is referring **to other vegetables,** which are harmful. **As it was taught** in a *baraita*: **Garlic is** a healthy **vegetable; leeks** are **a half-vegetable,** meaning they are half as healthful. If **radish has been seen, an elixir of life has been seen,** as it is very beneficial to the body.


###### Eruvin 56a:2
[Eruvin 56a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:2)

וְהָא תַנְיָא: נִרְאֶה צְנוֹן — נִרְאֶה סַם הַמָּוֶת! לָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן — בֶּעָלִין, כָּאן — בָּאִמָּהוֹת. כָּאן — בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, כָּאן — בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Wasn’t it taught** in a different *baraita*: If **radish has been seen, a lethal drug has been seen?** The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult. Here,** in the *baraita* that deprecates radish, it is referring **to** its **leaves; there,** in the *baraita* that praises radish, it is referring **to the roots.** Alternatively, **here** it is referring **to the summer,** when radish is beneficial; **there,** it is referring **to the winter,** when it is harmful.


###### Eruvin 56a:3
[Eruvin 56a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:3)

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: כׇּל עִיר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ מַעֲלוֹת וּמוֹרָדוֹת, אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה שֶׁבָּהּ מֵתִים בַּחֲצִי יְמֵיהֶן. מֵתִים סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ? אֶלָּא אֵימָא: מַזְקִינִים בַּחֲצִי יְמֵיהֶן. אָמַר רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: הָנֵי מוּלְיָיתָא דְּבֵי בֵירֵי וּדְבֵי נָרֶשׁ אַזְקְנוּן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
On the topic of the attributes of different locations, **Rav Yehuda** also **said that Rav said:** In **any city that has** many **ascents and descents,** which can be taxing to the body, **people and animals die at half their days,** meaning half of their life expectancy. The Gemara expresses surprise: **Can it enter your mind** that Rav really meant to say that they **die** prematurely? Even in such cities they are known to have a regular life expectancy. **Rather, say: They grow old at half their days,** i.e., they age prematurely due to the strain of climbing up and down the inclines. Similarly, **Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, said: The ascents** and descents **between Beit Biri and Beit Neresh,** my place of residence, **made me grow old** prematurely.


###### Eruvin 56a:4
[Eruvin 56a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:4)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: בָּא לְרַבְּעָהּ — מְרַבְּעָהּ בְּרִיבּוּעַ עוֹלָם, נוֹתֵן צְפוֹנָהּ לִצְפוֹן עוֹלָם וּדְרוֹמָהּ לִדְרוֹם עוֹלָם, וְסִימָנָיךְ: עֲגָלָה בַּצָּפוֹן, וְעַקְרָב בַּדָּרוֹם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the measurements of a city’s boundaries, **the Sages taught** the following *baraita*: If, in order to measure the Shabbat limit, **one comes to square** a city, i.e., to extend the city’s boundaries to include all of its protrusions within an imaginary square, **he squares it** so that the sides of the square align **with the four** directions **of the world. He sets the northern** side of the square **to** align with **the north of the world, and its southern** side **to** align with **the south of the world. And your sign** by which you can recognize the directions of the world is as follows: The constellation of **Ursa Major is in the north and Scorpio is in the south.** The directions of the city are determined by these constellations.


###### Eruvin 56a:5
[Eruvin 56a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:5)

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אִם אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ לְרַבְּעָהּ בְּרִיבּוּעַ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, — מְרַבְּעָהּ כְּמִין הַתְּקוּפָה. כֵּיצַד? חַמָּה יוֹצְאָה בְּיוֹם אָרוֹךְ וְשׁוֹקַעַת בְּיוֹם אָרוֹךְ — זֶה הוּא פְּנֵי צָפוֹן. חַמָּה יוֹצְאָה בְּיוֹם קָצָר וְשׁוֹקַעַת בְּיוֹם קָצָר — זֶה הוּא פְּנֵי דָרוֹם. תְּקוּפַת נִיסָן וּתְקוּפַת תִּשְׁרֵי — חַמָּה יוֹצְאָה בַּחֲצִי מִזְרָח וְשׁוֹקַעַת בַּחֲצִי מַעֲרָב,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yosei says: If one does not know how to square** the city in alignment **with the four** directions **of the world** based upon the constellations, **he should square it based upon the seasons,** although this is less precise. **How so?** Where **the sun rises and sets on the longest day** of the year, the summer solstice, **this** route of the sun **is the face of the north.** The sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest, and thus travels from east to west across the north side of the world. Conversely, where **the sun rises and sets on the shortest day** of the year, the winter solstice, **this** route of the sun **is the face of the south.** Whereas at **the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox,** when day and night are equal in length, **the sun rises in the middle of the east and sets in the middle of the west.**


###### Eruvin 56a:6
[Eruvin 56a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:6)

שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הוֹלֵךְ אֶל דָּרוֹם וְסוֹבֵב אֶל צָפוֹן״, הוֹלֵךְ אֶל דָּרוֹם — בַּיּוֹם, וְסוֹבֵב אֶל צָפוֹן — בַּלַּיְלָה. ״סוֹבֵב סוֹבֵב הוֹלֵךְ הָרוּחַ״ — אֵלּוּ פְּנֵי מִזְרָח וּפְנֵי מַעֲרָב, פְּעָמִים מְהַלַּכְתָּן וּפְעָמִים מְסַבַּבְתָּן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it is stated:** “One generation passes away and another generation comes; but the earth abides forever. The sun also rises and the sun goes down, and hastens to its place, where it rises again. **It goes toward the south, and turns about to the north;** round and round goes the wind, and on its circuits the wind returns” (Ecclesiastes 1:4–6). The verse is understood as describing the sun’s movements, as follows: **“It goes toward the south” during the day; “and turns about to the north,”** on the other side of the earth, **at night. “Round and round goes the wind [*ruaḥ*];”** the word *ruaḥ* can also mean direction or side. Rabbi Yosei explains that **these are the face of the east and the face of the west; sometimes** the sun **traverses them** visibly, **and sometimes it turns about them** without being seen.


###### Eruvin 56a:7
[Eruvin 56a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:7)

אָמַר רַב מְשַׁרְשְׁיָא: לֵיתַנְהוּ לְהָנֵי כְּלָלֵי, דְּתַנְיָא: לֹא יָצְאָה חַמָּה מֵעוֹלָם מִקֶּרֶן מִזְרָחִית צְפוֹנִית וְשָׁקְעָה בְּקֶרֶן מַעֲרָבִית צְפוֹנִית, וְלֹא יָצְאָה חַמָּה מִקֶּרֶן מִזְרָחִית דְּרוֹמִית וְשָׁקְעָה בְּקֶרֶן מַעֲרָבִית דְּרוֹמִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Mesharshiya said: There is no** validity to these **rules** established by Rabbi Yosei, **as it was taught** in a *baraita*: **The sun has never risen,** even during the summer, **at the northeastern corner** of the sky **and set in the northwestern corner, nor has the sun** ever **risen,** even during the winter, **at the southeastern corner and set in the southwestern corner.** Therefore, one can establish the directions of the world according to the sun’s path only during the autumn and spring.


###### Eruvin 56a:8
[Eruvin 56a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:8)

אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין תְּקוּפַת נִיסָן נוֹפֶלֶת אֶלָּא בְּאַרְבָּעָה רִבְעֵי הַיּוֹם, אוֹ בִּתְחִלַּת הַיּוֹם אוֹ בִּתְחִלַּת הַלַּיְלָה, אוֹ בַּחֲצִי הַיּוֹם אוֹ בַּחֲצִי הַלַּיְלָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
On the topic of the previous discussion with regard to calculating the directions of the world based upon the seasons, **Shmuel said: The vernal equinox occurs only at** the beginning of one of **the four quarters of a day: Either** precisely **at the beginning of the day, or** precisely **at the beginning of the night, or at midday, or at midnight.**


###### Eruvin 56a:9
[Eruvin 56a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:9)

וְאֵין תְּקוּפַת תַּמּוּז נוֹפֶלֶת אֶלָּא אוֹ בְּאַחַת וּמֶחֱצָה, אוֹ בְּשֶׁבַע וּמֶחֱצָה, בֵּין בַּיּוֹם וּבֵין בַּלַּיְלָה. וְאֵין תְּקוּפַת תִּשְׁרֵי נוֹפֶלֶת אֶלָּא אוֹ בְּשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁעוֹת אוֹ בְּתֵשַׁע שָׁעוֹת, בֵּין בַּיּוֹם וּבֵין בַּלַּיְלָה. וְאֵין תְּקוּפַת טֵבֵת נוֹפֶלֶת אֶלָּא אוֹ בְּאַרְבַּע וּמֶחֱצָה אוֹ בְּעֶשֶׂר וּמֶחֱצָה, בֵּין בַּיּוֹם וּבֵין בַּלַּיְלָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Similarly, **the summer solstice occurs only** at certain times of the day: **Either at** the conclusion of **one and a half** hours **or seven and a half** hours **of the day or night. And the autumnal equinox occurs only** at certain times: **Either at** the conclusion of **three hours or nine hours of the day or night. And the winter solstice occurs only** at certain times: **Either at** the conclusion of **four and a half** hours **or ten and a half** hours **of the day or night.**


###### Eruvin 56a:10
[Eruvin 56a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:10)

וְאֵין בֵּין תְּקוּפָה לִתְקוּפָה אֶלָּא תִּשְׁעִים וְאֶחָד יוֹם וְשֶׁבַע שָׁעוֹת וּמֶחֱצָה. וְאֵין תְּקוּפָה מוֹשֶׁכֶת מֵחֲבֶרְתָּהּ אֶלָּא חֲצִי שָׁעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** all this is based on the principle that **there are only ninety-one days and seven and a half hours between** the beginning of **one season and the next,** as he assumed that a year is exactly 365¼ days. **And** similarly, each **season** begins precisely **one-half** planetary **hour past the** beginning of the **previous season.** There are seven heavenly bodies that are each ascendant for an hour at a time in a constant rotation: Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, and Venus. Each season begins half an hour later in this rotation than **the previous** season.


###### Eruvin 56a:11
[Eruvin 56a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/56a:11)

וְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין לְךָ תְּקוּפַת נִיסָן שֶׁנּוֹפֶלֶת בְּצֶדֶק, שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְשַׁבֶּרֶת אֶת הָאִילָנוֹת. וְאֵין לְךָ תְּקוּפַת טֵבֵת שֶׁנּוֹפֶלֶת בְּצֶדֶק, שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְיַיבֶּשֶׁת אֶת הַזְּרָעִים. וְהוּא, דְּאִיתְיְלִיד לְבָנָה אוֹ בִּלְבָנָה אוֹ בְּצֶדֶק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Shmuel said: There is no** instance when the **vernal equinox occurs in** the planetary hour of **Jupiter** and **it does not break the trees** with its strong winds; **and there is no** instance when **the winter solstice occurs in** the planetary hour of **Jupiter** and **it does not dry up the seeds. And this** applies only **where the new moon appeared either at** the hour of the **Moon or at** the hour of **Jupiter.**