## Eruvin Daf 87a

###### Eruvin 87a:1
[Eruvin 87a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:1)

חוֹקֵק בָּהּ אַרְבַּע עַל אַרְבַּע וּמְמַלֵּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**one may carve in it** a hole of **four by four** handbreadths **and draw** water through it. Even if there are no actual partitions around the hole, the section surrounding the hole is considered as though it were bent downward and formed partitions ten handbreadths high on all sides. Consequently, it is permitted to draw water through the hole.


###### Eruvin 87a:2
[Eruvin 87a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:2)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: וְדִילְמָא לָא הִיא, עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה הָתָם, אֶלָּא דְּאָמַר: ״גּוּד אַחֵית מְחִיצְתָּא״, אֲבָל ״כּוֹף וְגוּד״ — לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said to him: But perhaps that is not so,** as we can distinguish between the opinions. It is possible that **Rabbi Yehuda stated** his opinion **only there,** with regard to the wall of the courtyard and the cistern, **as he said** that we rely on the halakhic principle of **extend and lower the partition.** The partition above the cistern is considered as though it descended to the bottom. **But** the principle of **bend** the partition **and extend** it downward, as suggested by Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akavya, **no,** he does not accept this principle.


###### Eruvin 87a:3
[Eruvin 87a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:3)

וְעַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן עֲקַבְיָא הָתָם, אֶלָּא בְּיַמָּהּ שֶׁל טְבֶרְיָא, הוֹאִיל וְיֵשׁ לָהּ אוֹגָנִים, וַעֲיָירוֹת וְקַרְפֵּיפוֹת מַקִּיפוֹת אוֹתָהּ, אֲבָל בִּשְׁאָר מֵימוֹת — לֹא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** we can likewise say that **Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akavya stated** his opinion **only there,** in the case of the balcony, **with regard to the Sea of Tiberias,** i.e., the Sea of Galilee, **since it has** clearly defined **banks** around it, **and towns and enclosures surround it** on all sides. The Sea of Galilee is surrounded by clear boundaries on all sides and is therefore somewhat similar to a private domain in appearance. Consequently, even a minor adjustment is sufficient. **However, with regard to other waters, no,** Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akavya did not permit this practice.


###### Eruvin 87a:4
[Eruvin 87a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:4)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: וּלְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן עֲקַבְיָא, הָיְתָה סְמוּכָה לַכּוֹתֶל בְּפָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים — צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא אוֹרְכָּהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, וְרוֹחְבָּהּ אַחַד עָשָׂר וּמַשֶּׁהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said: And according to the statement of Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akavya,** if the balcony **was less than three handbreadths** away **from the wall,** it is permitted to draw water from it in the following circumstances: **Its length must be four cubits, and its width** must be **eleven** handbreadths **and** any **amount.** By carving out a hole of slightly more than one handbreadth by four handbreadths on the side near the wall, alongside the other three handbreadths, one creates a hole of four handbreadths by four handbreadths. This hole is surrounded by partitions ten handbreadths high on each side. How so? The wall itself is one partition. The four-cubit length is viewed as bent down on both sides of the hole, forming two partitions of ten handbreadths; the remaining ten handbreadths of the width is seen as though it were bent down, which creates a partition on the fourth side of the balcony.


###### Eruvin 87a:5
[Eruvin 87a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:5)

הָיְתָה זְקוּפָה — צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא גּוֹבְהָהּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וְרוֹחְבָּהּ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים וּשְׁנֵי מַשֶּׁהוּיִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If the balcony **was upright,** i.e., it had upright partitions on all sides (Rabbeinu Ḥananel), **the height** of these partitions **must be ten handbreadths, and the width** of the balcony must be **six handbreadths and two** minimal **amounts.** This leaves slightly more than a handbreadth on each side of the hole of four handbreadths, on which he can stand.


###### Eruvin 87a:6
[Eruvin 87a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:6)

אָמַר רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בְּקֶרֶן זָוִית — צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא גּוֹבְהָהּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וְרוֹחְבָּהּ שְׁנֵי טְפָחִים וּשְׁנֵי מַשֶּׁהוּיִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, said:** If it **was positioned in a corner** between two walls (Rabbeinu Ḥananel), **the height** of the partition **must be ten handbreadths, and the** requisite **width** of the balcony must be **two handbreadths and two** minimal **amounts.** As he is able to stand, he is provided with actual partitions.


###### Eruvin 87a:7
[Eruvin 87a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:7)

וְאֶלָּא הָא דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן עֲקַבְיָא אוֹמֵר: גְּזוּזְטְרָא שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת — חוֹקֵק בָּהּ אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה וּמְמַלֵּא, הֵיכִי מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **However,** with regard to **that which is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akavya said:** If **a balcony** that **has** an area of **four cubits by four cubits** is suspended above water, **one carves in it** a hole of **four by four** handbreadths **and** then **draws** water through it, under **what circumstances** can a balcony with these dimensions **be found?**


###### Eruvin 87a:8
[Eruvin 87a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:8)

דַּעֲבִידָא כִּי אֲסִיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: It is necessary in the case of a balcony **that is built in the shape of a mortar,** where the balcony is positioned over the water on its own pillars and far removed from any wall. In that case, all of the partitions must be constructed from its floor space. And the balcony must be four cubits by four cubits in size.


###### Eruvin 87a:9
[Eruvin 87a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:9)

**מַתְנִי׳** אַמַּת הַמַּיִם שֶׁהִיא עוֹבֶרֶת בֶּחָצֵר — אֵין מְמַלְּאִין הֵימֶנָּה בְּשַׁבָּת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עָשׂוּ לָהּ מְחִיצָה גְּבוֹהָ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים בִּכְנִיסָה וּבִיצִיאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: כּוֹתֶל שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ תִּידּוֹן מִשּׁוּם מְחִיצָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** With regard to **a water channel that passes through a courtyard,** the residents **may not draw** water **from it on Shabbat, unless they erected for it a partition ten handbreadths high at the entrance and at the exit** of the courtyard. **Rabbi Yehuda says:** There is no need for a special partition, as the **wall that** runs **on top of it,** i.e., the courtyard wall, **is considered as a partition.**


###### Eruvin 87a:10
[Eruvin 87a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:10)

אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאַמָּה שֶׁל אָבֵל, שֶׁהָיוּ מְמַלְּאִין מִמֶּנָּה עַל פִּי זְקֵנִים בְּשַׁבָּת! אָמְרוּ לוֹ: מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה בָּהּ כַּשִּׁיעוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yehuda said:** There was **an incident involving a** water **channel** that passed through the courtyards **of** the town of **Avel,** from **which** the residents **would draw** water **from it on Shabbat by the authority of the Elders,** relying on the courtyard wall suspended above it. **They said to him:** It is **due to** the fact that channel **was not of the size** that requires a partition, i.e., it was less than ten handbreadths deep or less than ten handbreadths wide, it was permitted to draw water from it even without a partition.


###### Eruvin 87a:11
[Eruvin 87a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:11)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: עָשׂוּ לָהּ בִּכְנִיסָה וְלֹא עָשׂוּ לָהּ בִּיצִיאָה, עָשׂוּ לָהּ בִּיצִיאָה וְלֹא עָשׂוּ לָהּ בִּכְנִיסָה — אֵין מְמַלְּאִין הֵימֶנָּה בְּשַׁבָּת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן עָשׂוּ לָהּ מְחִיצָה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים בִּיצִיאָה וּבִכְנִיסָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: כּוֹתֶל שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ תִּידּוֹן מִשּׁוּם מְחִיצָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: If **they erected** a partition **for** the water channel **at the entrance but they did not erect** one **for it at the exit,** or if **they erected** a partition **for it at the exit but they did not erect** one **for it at the entrance, one may not draw** water **from it on Shabbat, unless they erected for it a partition ten handbreadths** high both **at the exit and at the entrance. Rabbi Yehuda says: The wall** that runs **on top of it,** i.e., the courtyard wall, **is considered as a partition.** Therefore, there is no need for a special partition.


###### Eruvin 87a:12
[Eruvin 87a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:12)

אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאַמַּת הַמַּיִם שֶׁהָיְתָה בָּאָה מֵאָבֵל לְצִפּוֹרִי, וְהָיוּ מְמַלְּאִין הֵימֶנָּה בְּשַׁבָּת עַל פִּי הַזְּקֵנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yehuda said:** There was **an incident involving the water channel that went from Avel to Tzippori, and** the residents **would draw** water **from it on Shabbat by the authority of the Elders,** without any additional partition.


###### Eruvin 87a:13
[Eruvin 87a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:13)

אָמְרוּ לוֹ: מִשָּׁם רְאָיָיה?! מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה עֲמוּקָּה עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְרוֹחְבָּהּ אַרְבָּעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**They said to him:** Are you trying to bring **a proof from there?** That was either **due to** the fact that the channel **was not ten handbreadths deep or** because it was not **four** handbreadths **wide.** It lacked the requisite measure to be considered a domain in its own right. Everyone agrees that it is permitted to draw water from it even without an additional partition.


###### Eruvin 87a:14
[Eruvin 87a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:14)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ: אַמַּת הַמַּיִם הָעוֹבֶרֶת בֵּין הַחַלּוֹנוֹת, פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה — מְשַׁלְשֵׁל דְּלִי וּמְמַלֵּא. שְׁלֹשָׁה — אֵין מְשַׁלְשֵׁל דְּלִי וּמְמַלֵּא. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: פָּחוֹת מֵאַרְבָּעָה — מְשַׁלְשֵׁל דְּלִי וּמְמַלֵּא, אַרְבָּעָה — אֵין מְשַׁלְשֵׁל דְּלִי וּמְמַלֵּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was taught in another** *baraita*: With regard to **a water channel that passes between the windows** of two houses, if it is **less than three** handbreadths, **one may lower a bucket** from the window **and draw** water from it; however, if it is **three** handbreadths, **one may not lower a bucket and draw** water from it. **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says:** If it is **less than four** handbreadths, **one may lower a bucket and draw** water from it; but if it is at least **four** handbreadths, **one may not lower a bucket and draw** water.


###### Eruvin 87a:15
[Eruvin 87a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:15)

בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן? אִילֵימָא: בְּאַמַּת הַמַּיִם גּוּפַהּ, וְאֶלָּא הָא דְּכִי אֲתָא רַב דִּימִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אֵין כַּרְמְלִית פְּחוּתָה מֵאַרְבָּעָה —

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to these measures of three and four handbreadths, the Gemara asks: **With what are we dealing** here? **If you say** this *halakha* is referring **to the water channel itself,** that it was three or four handbreadths wide, this presents a difficulty, **for when Rav Dimi came** from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he said that **Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A *karmelit* cannot be less than four** handbreadths wide. The *karmelit* is an intermediate domain established by the Sages, whose status is between a public and a private domain. Any open area that is not a public thoroughfare, e.g., a field, sea, river, alleyway, or a lane, is classified as a *karmelit*. It is prohibited to carry an article four cubits within a *karmelit*, or to transfer an object from a private domain or a public domain to a *karmelit*, or vice versa. One who draws water through a window from a water channel into a house has carried from a *karmelit* to a private domain. Consequently, if the *tanna’im* of the *baraita* dispute the width of the channel, they are in effect disagreeing about the minimal size of a *karmelit*.


###### Eruvin 87a:16
[Eruvin 87a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:16)

לֵימָא כְּתַנָּאֵי אַמְרַהּ לִשְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara resumes its question: **Let us say,** then, that **the teaching that** Rav Dimi **cited,** that a *karmelit* cannot be less than four handbreadths wide, was actually the subject of a dispute of ***tanna’im*** and not a unanimous *halakha*.


###### Eruvin 87a:17
[Eruvin 87a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:17)

אֶלָּא בַּאֲגַפֶּיהָ, וּלְהַחְלִיף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects the previous explanation. **Rather,** the measure of three or four handbreadths is referring not to the channel itself but **to the banks** of the channel, **and** it is stated **with regard to** an act of **exchange.** The dispute here does not concern the measure of a *karmelit*, but the measure of an exempt domain. It is permitted to transfer the empty bucket from the window, which is a private domain, by way of the channel’s banks, which are exempt domains, to the water channel, which is a *karmelit*, and back again with the full bucket.


###### Eruvin 87a:18
[Eruvin 87a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:18)

וְהָא כִּי אֲתָא רַב דִּימִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אַרְבָּעָה עַל אַרְבָּעָה — מוּתָּר לִבְנֵי רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְלִבְנֵי רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לְכַתֵּף עָלָיו, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יַחְלִיפוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: **But when Rav Dimi came** from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, **he said** that **Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A place that does not have** an area of **four by four** handbreadths is an **exempt domain.** Consequently, if this place is situated between a public domain and a private domain, **it is permitted for** both **the people of the private domain and for the people of the public domain to** adjust the burdens on their **shoulders on it, provided** that **they do not exchange** objects between them via the exempt domain. How, then, can the bucket be transferred from the window to the channel, and vice versa, by means of the banks?


###### Eruvin 87a:19
[Eruvin 87a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Eruvin/r/87a:19)

הָתָם רְשׁוּיוֹת דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **There,** Rav Dimi is referring to **domains by Torah law,** i.e., this *halakha* involves the transfer of objects from a private domain to a public domain via an exempt domain. The Sages forbade this activity, so that people would not transfer objects directly from the private domain to the public domain.