## Exodus Chapter 32

###### Exodus 32:1
[Exodus 32:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:1)

וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־בֹשֵׁ֥שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָרֶ֣דֶת מִן־הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעָ֜ם עַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ ק֣וּם**׀** עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֵֽלְכוּ֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה**׀** מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
[When] the people saw that Moshe was late in coming down from the mountain, they gathered against Aharon, and said to him, “Arise, make us gods that will lead us, for this Moshe, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And when the people saw that Moshe delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aharon, and said to him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this man Moshe, who brought us up out of the land of Miżrayim, we know not what is become of him.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the people saw that [(according to their reckoning — which was erroneous!)] Moses delayed in descending the mountain, and the people [the mixed multitude] rose up in a body upon Aaron and said to him: Arise, make for us gods who will go before us [(they desired many gods)], for this Moses [(Satan showed them an image of Moses being carried (as one dead) in the firmament of heaven)], the man, who brought us up from the land of Egypt [and guided us on the way], we do not know what has become of him, [and we need gods to guide us in his stead].


###### Exodus 32:2
[Exodus 32:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:2)

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ אַהֲרֹ֔ן פָּֽרְקוּ֙ נִזְמֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאׇזְנֵ֣י נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם בְּנֵיכֶ֖ם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶ֑ם וְהָבִ֖יאוּ אֵלָֽי׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Aharon said to them, “Remove the golden rings which are on the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters and bring them to me.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And Aharon said to them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them to me.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Aaron said to them: Remove the golden rings that are in the ears of your wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring them to me. [Aaron reasoned that the women and children would be reluctant to part with their jewelry and that in the meantime Moses would descend (but the men did not wait and they removed their own jewelry)]. ...


###### Exodus 32:3
[Exodus 32:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:3)

וַיִּתְפָּֽרְקוּ֙ כׇּל־הָעָ֔ם אֶת־נִזְמֵ֥י הַזָּהָ֖ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּאׇזְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּבִ֖יאוּ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹֽן׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
All the people removed the golden rings which were on their ears, and brought them to Aharon.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And all the people broke off the golden earrings which were in their ears, and brought them to Aharon.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And all the people disburdened themselves of the golden rings that were in their ears and brought them to Aaron.


###### Exodus 32:4
[Exodus 32:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:4)

וַיִּקַּ֣ח מִיָּדָ֗ם וַיָּ֤צַר אֹתוֹ֙ בַּחֶ֔רֶט וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֖הוּ עֵ֣גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
He took them from their hands, and formed it with [a goldsmith’s] engraving tool, and made it into a molten calf. They [then] said, “These, Yisrael, are your gods who brought you up from the land of Egypt.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And he received the gold at their hand, and fashioned it with a graving tool and made it a molten calf: and they said, These are thy gods, O Yisra᾽el, which brought thee up out of the land of Miżrayim.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And he took it from their hands and he bound it in a scarf [and cast it into a crucible], and he made it [by agency of the sorcerers of the mixed multitude] into a molten calf, and they [the mixed multitude] said: These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt. ...


###### Exodus 32:5
[Exodus 32:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:5)

וַיַּ֣רְא אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבֵּ֖חַ לְפָנָ֑יו וַיִּקְרָ֤א אַֽהֲרֹן֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר חַ֥ג לַיהֹוָ֖ה מָחָֽר׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
[When] Aharon saw [this], he built an altar before it. Aharon then called out and said: “Tomorrow will be a festival to Adonoy.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And when Aharon saw it, he built an altar before it; and Aharon made proclamation, and said, Tomorrow is a feast to the Lord.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Aaron saw [that it had in it the spirit of life and that "Satan's act had succeeded," and he could not repel them completely], so he built an altar before it [as a "delaying tactic"] and Aaron called out and he said: "There will be a festival for the L-rd tomorrow!" [Aaron expecting that Moses would appear before they could worship the golden calf, and that they would, indeed, serve the L-rd.]


###### Exodus 32:6
[Exodus 32:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:6)

וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙ימוּ֙ מִֽמׇּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּעֲל֣וּ עֹלֹ֔ת וַיַּגִּ֖שׁוּ שְׁלָמִ֑ים וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הָעָם֙ לֶֽאֱכֹ֣ל וְשָׁת֔וֹ וַיָּקֻ֖מוּ לְצַחֵֽק׃{פ}

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
They arose early the next morning, and offered burnt-offerings and brought peace-offerings. The people then sat down to eat and drink, and got up to amuse themselves.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And they rose up early on the morrow, and offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to disport themselves.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And they arose early the next day, [Satan rousing them], and they offered up burnt-offerings and presented peace-offerings, and the people sat to eat and drink, and they arose to make sport [i.e., to commit adultery and to kill. (Chur, Miriam's son, who rebuked them, was killed here.)]


###### Exodus 32:7
[Exodus 32:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:7)

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה לֶךְ־רֵ֕ד כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱלֵ֖יתָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Adonoy spoke to Moshe, “Go down, for your people have become corrupt—those whom you brought up out of the land of Egypt.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the Lord said to Moshe, Go, get thee down; for thy people, which thou broughtest up out of the land of Miżrayim, have become corrupt:

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the L-rd spoke [harshly] to Moses: Go, descend [from your greatness. I gave you greatness only for their sake (At that time Moses was banished by the Heavenly Court)], for your people [(the mixed multitude, that you proselytized of your own volition)] that you brought up from the land of Egypt, has wrought corruptly.


###### Exodus 32:8
[Exodus 32:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:8)

סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶֽעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
They have departed quickly from the way that I commanded them, they have made for themselves a molten calf. They have prostrated themselves to it and offered sacrifices to it, and have said, ‘These, Yisrael, are your gods who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.’”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
they have turned aside quickly out of the way which I commanded them: they have made them a molten calf, and have worshipped it, and have sacrificed to it, and said, These are thy gods, O Yisra᾽el, which have brought thee up out of the land of Miżrayim.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
They have turned aside quickly from the way I commanded them. They have made for themselves a molten calf, and they have bowed down to it, and they have slaughtered to it, and they have said: These are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.


###### Exodus 32:9
[Exodus 32:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:9)

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Adonoy said to Moshe, “I have seen [observed] this people, and behold they are a stiff-necked people.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the Lord said to Moshe, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people:

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the L-rd said to Moses: I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiff-necked people [They turn the "hard part" (the back) of their neck to those who would rebuke them.]


###### Exodus 32:10
[Exodus 32:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:10)

וְעַתָּה֙ הַנִּ֣יחָה לִּ֔י וְיִֽחַר־אַפִּ֥י בָהֶ֖ם וַאֲכַלֵּ֑ם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה אוֹתְךָ֖ לְג֥וֹי גָּדֽוֹל׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Now leave Me alone and My wrath will blaze against them and destroy them. I will then make you into a great nation.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
now therefore let me alone, that my wrath may burn against them, and that I may consume them: and I will make of thee a great nation.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And now, leave Me and let My wrath burn against them and I will annihilate them [(the L-rd "hinting" to Moses that his praying for them can save them)], and I will make of you a great nation.


###### Exodus 32:11
[Exodus 32:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:11)

וַיְחַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לָמָ֤ה יְהֹוָה֙ יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּךָ֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֙אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּכֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe implored before the Presence of Adonoy, his God, and he said, “Adonoy! Why should Your wrath blaze against Your people whom You brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand?

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And Moshe besought the Lord his God, and said, Lord, why does thy wrath burn against thy people, whom thou hast brought forth out of the land of Miżrayim with great power, and with a mighty hand?

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses prayed before the L-rd his G-d, and he said: Why, O L-rd, should Your anger burn against Your people whom you took out of the land of Egypt with great power and with a strong hand? [Does rancor not obtain only with one wise man vis-à-vis another? with one strong man vis-à-vis another?]


###### Exodus 32:12
[Exodus 32:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:12)

לָ֩מָּה֩ יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר בְּרָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָם֙ לַהֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָם֙ בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּ֨לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה שׁ֚וּב מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔ךָ וְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־הָרָעָ֖ה לְעַמֶּֽךָ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Why should Egypt be able to say, ‘He brought them out with evil intent, to kill them in the mountains, and to annihilate them from the face of the earth?’ Turn from [withdraw] Your blazing wrath, and reconsider the [intent of doing] evil to Your people.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Wherefore should Miżrayim speak, and say, In an evil hour did he bring them out, to slay them in the mountains, and to consume them from the face of the earth? Turn from thy fierce anger, and relent of this evil against thy people.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Why should Egypt say: "For evil did He take them out, to kill them in the mountains and to wipe them from the face of the earth!" Turn from Your burning wrath and bethink Yourself [to turn to good] the evil [intended] for Your people.


###### Exodus 32:13
[Exodus 32:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:13)

זְכֹ֡ר לְאַבְרָהָם֩ לְיִצְחָ֨ק וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתָּ לָהֶם֮ בָּךְ֒ וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַרְבֶּה֙ אֶֽת־זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם כְּכוֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכׇל־הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֜את אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֶתֵּן֙ לְזַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וְנָחֲל֖וּ לְעֹלָֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Remember Avraham, Yitzchok and Yisrael, Your servants, to whom You swore by Your Self, and said to them, ‘I will make your descendants as numerous as the stars of the heaven; and all this land of which I have spoken, I will give to your descendants, and they will inherit it forever.’”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Remember Avraham, Yiżĥaq, and Yisra᾽el, thy servants, to whom thou didst swear by thy own self, and didst say to them, I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of will I give to your seed, and they shall inherit it for ever.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Remember unto Abraham, Isaac, and Israel what You swore to them in You [i.e., by Your eternal essence (Abraham — (Genesis 22:16), Isaac — (Ibid. 26:3), Israel — (Ibid. 35:11)], and You said to them: I shall multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens, and all of this land of which I spoke, I shall give to your seed, and they shall inherit it forever.


###### Exodus 32:14
[Exodus 32:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:14)

וַיִּנָּ֖חֶם יְהֹוָ֑ה עַל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לְעַמּֽוֹ׃{פ}

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Adonoy reconsidered the [intent of doing] evil that He had said He would do to His people.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the Lord relented of the evil which he thought to do to his people.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the L-rd bethought Himself of the evil which He had intended for His people.


###### Exodus 32:15
[Exodus 32:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:15)

וַיִּ֜פֶן וַיֵּ֤רֶד מֹשֶׁה֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וּשְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָעֵדֻ֖ת בְּיָד֑וֹ לֻחֹ֗ת כְּתֻבִים֙ מִשְּׁנֵ֣י עֶבְרֵיהֶ֔ם מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה הֵ֥ם כְּתֻבִֽים׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe turned and went down from the mountain with the two Tablets of the Testimony in his hand. They were tablets written on both sides, the writing was [visible] from either side.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And Moshe turned, and went down from the mountain, and the two tablets of the Testimony were in his hand: tablets written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses turned and descended from the mountain with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand, tablets written [(miraculously) to be readable] on both sides; on this side and on that were they written.


###### Exodus 32:16
[Exodus 32:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:16)

וְהַ֨לֻּחֹ֔ת מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה וְהַמִּכְתָּ֗ב מִכְתַּ֤ב אֱלֹהִים֙ ה֔וּא חָר֖וּת עַל־הַלֻּחֹֽת׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The Tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved upon the Tablets.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the tablets were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, engraved upon the tablets.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the tablets are the work of G-d [Himself], and the writing is the writing of G-d, inscribed on the tablets.


###### Exodus 32:17
[Exodus 32:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:17)

וַיִּשְׁמַ֧ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־ק֥וֹל הָעָ֖ם בְּרֵעֹ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Yehoshua heard the voice of the people rejoicing, and he said to Moshe, “There is a sound of battle in the camp.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And when Yehoshua heard the noise of the people as they shouted, he said to Moshe, There is a noise of war in the camp.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Joshua heard the sound of the people in its clamor [(They were regaling and laughing)], and he said to Moses: "There is a sound of war in the camp."


###### Exodus 32:18
[Exodus 32:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:18)

וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
But he [Moshe] said, “It is not the sound of strength [song of victory], nor is it the sound of weakness [song of defeat]. It is a sound of song that I hear.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
But he said, It is not the voice of those who shout for mastery, neither is it the voice of those who cry for being overcome: but the noise of those who sing do I hear.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And he (Moses) said: There is no sound of strength and there is no sound of weakness. An agonizing sound do I hear [i.e., a sound of blaspheming and vilifying that agonizes the soul of the hearer.]


###### Exodus 32:19
[Exodus 32:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:19)

וַֽיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרַב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הָעֵ֖גֶל וּמְחֹלֹ֑ת וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ מִיָּדָו֙ אֶת־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וַיְשַׁבֵּ֥ר אֹתָ֖ם תַּ֥חַת הָהָֽר׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
As he [Moshe] approached the camp, he saw the calf and the dancing. Moshe’s anger blazed, and he threw down the Tablets that were in his hands and smashed them beneath the mountain.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And it came to pass, as soon as he came near to the camp, that he saw the calf, and the dancing: and Moshe’s anger burned, and he threw the tablets out of his hands, and broke them at the foot of the mountain.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And it was, when he drew near to the camp, that he saw the calf and dances, and Moses' wrath burned, and he cast the tablets from his hands, and he broke them at the foot of the mountain.


###### Exodus 32:20
[Exodus 32:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:20)

וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־הָעֵ֨גֶל אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּטְחַ֖ן עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֑ק וַיִּ֙זֶר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
He took the calf that they had made, and burned it in fire, and ground it into fine powder. He then scattered it on the water, and made the B’nei Yisrael drink it.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And he took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and scattered it upon the water, and made the children of Yisra᾽el drink of it.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And he took the calf that they had made, and he burned it with fire, and he ground it until it was fine (dust), and he scattered it over the water, and he gave the children of Israel to drink [with the intent of testing them like sototh (women suspected of adultery (see Numbers 5:11-31). Three death penalties were adjudicated: Where there were witnesses and warning — death by the sword (viz. 27 below) as in the instance of ir hanidachath (a city the majority of whose inhabitants have gone astray after idolatry. See Deuteronomy 13:13-19); where there were witnesses, but not warning — death by plague (viz. 35 below); where there were neither witnesses nor warning — death by hydrokon, the waters "inspecting" them (as in the instance of the sotah's draught) and their stomachs bursting].


###### Exodus 32:21
[Exodus 32:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:21)

וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן מֶֽה־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖יו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe then said to Aharon, “What did this people do to you that you brought upon them such a great sin?”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And Moshe said to Aharon, What has this people done to thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses said to Aaron: What did this people do to you! [i.e., How much suffering must you have endured] so that you [not] bring upon it [this] great sin!


###### Exodus 32:22
[Exodus 32:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:22)

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֔ן אַל־יִ֥חַר אַ֖ף אֲדֹנִ֑י אַתָּה֙ יָדַ֣עְתָּ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י בְרָ֖ע הֽוּא׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Aharon said, “Let not the wrath of my master blaze. You know that the people are set on evil.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And Aharon said, Let not the anger of my lord burn: thou knowst the people, that they are bent on mischief.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Aaron said: Let my master's wrath not burn. You know the people, that it is [in a] bad [way, always "proving" the L-rd.]


###### Exodus 32:23
[Exodus 32:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:23)

וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לִ֔י עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵלְכ֖וּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה**׀** מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
They said to me, ‘Make gods for us that will lead us for this Moshe, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what happened to him.’

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
For they said to me, Make us gods, which shall go before us: for as for this Moshe, the man that brought us up out of the land of Miżrayim, we know not what is become of him.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And they said to me: Make for us gods who will go before us, for this Moses, the man who brought us up from the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.


###### Exodus 32:24
[Exodus 32:24](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:24)

וָאֹמַ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לְמִ֣י זָהָ֔ב הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ וַיִּתְּנוּ־לִ֑י וָאַשְׁלִכֵ֣הוּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וַיֵּצֵ֖א הָעֵ֥גֶל הַזֶּֽה׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
I said to them, ‘Who has gold?’ They removed [their gold] and gave it to me. I threw it into the fire, and this calf emerged.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And I said to them, Who has any gold? They broke it off and gave it me: then I threw it into the fire, and there came out this calf.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And I said to them [(only) one thing]: "Who has gold?" [And] they [hurried and] disburdened themselves and gave it to me. And I cast it into the fire, [not knowing that this calf would emerge], and this calf emerged.


###### Exodus 32:25
[Exodus 32:25](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:25)

וַיַּ֤רְא מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן לְשִׁמְצָ֖ה בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe saw [the bad traits of] the people for they were [now] exposed; for Aharon had allowed them to be exposed, and now they would be disgraced among their adversaries.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And when Moshe saw that the people were in disorder; (for Aharon had made them disorderly to the scandal of their enemies:)

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses saw the people, that it was "exposed"; for Aaron had exposed it for scorn in [the mouths of] those rising up against them.


###### Exodus 32:26
[Exodus 32:26](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:26)

וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י לַיהֹוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כׇּל־בְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe stood at the entrance of the camp and said, “Whoever is for Adonoy, [come] to me.” All the sons of Leivi gathered to him.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
then Moshe stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord’s side? let him come to me. And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and he said: "Whoever is for the L-rd, [let him come] to me!" And there gathered unto him all the sons of Levi [(whence it is seen that the entire tribe was kasher)].


###### Exodus 32:27
[Exodus 32:27](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:27)

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׂ֥ימוּ אִישׁ־חַרְבּ֖וֹ עַל־יְרֵכ֑וֹ עִבְר֨וּ וָשׁ֜וּבוּ מִשַּׁ֤עַר לָשַׁ֙עַר֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהִרְג֧וּ אִֽישׁ־אֶת־אָחִ֛יו וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
He said to them, “This is what Adonoy, God of Yisrael has said, ‘Let each man put his sword on his hip and pass through from gate to gate in the camp. Let each man kill [even] his brother, each man his friend, each man his relative.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And he said to them, Thus says the Lord God of Yisra᾽el, Put every man his sword by his side, and go to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, and every man his companion, and every man his neighbour.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And he said to them: Thus said the L-rd, the G-d of Israel [(viz. 22:19): "He who slaughters to idolatry shall be put to death")]: Let every man put his sword on his thigh. Let him pass back and forth from gate to gate in the camp and kill; a man, his brother [by his mother (but not by his father, i.e., a non-Levite)], a man, his neighbor, and a man, his relative.


###### Exodus 32:28
[Exodus 32:28](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:28)

וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־לֵוִ֖י כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אַלְפֵ֖י אִֽישׁ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The sons of Leivi did as Moshe said. On that day those that fell from among the people, numbered approximately three thousand men.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moshe: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses, and there fell from the people on that day about three thousand men.


###### Exodus 32:29
[Exodus 32:29](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:29)

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְכֶ֤ם הַיּוֹם֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בִּבְנ֖וֹ וּבְאָחִ֑יו וְלָתֵ֧ת עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם בְּרָכָֽה׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe said, “Consecrate yourselves today to Adonoy—for each man killed [even] his son and brothers—that He may bestow a blessing upon you today.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
For Moshe said, Consecrate yourselves today to the Lord, even every man against his son, and against his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses said: [You, who kill them,] fill your hands this day [i.e., By this you will be invested (see 28:41) to be Cohanim)] to the L-rd. For each man [will be so invested (by having killed)] his son [i.e., his daughter's son by a non-Levite] and his brother [(as in 27)], to bestow upon you blessing this day.


###### Exodus 32:30
[Exodus 32:30](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:30)

וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמׇּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אַתֶּ֥ם חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה וְעַתָּה֙ אֶֽעֱלֶ֣ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֔ה אוּלַ֥י אֲכַפְּרָ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד חַטַּאתְכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The next day Moshe said to the people, “You have committed a great sin. Now I will go up to Adonoy, perhaps I will gain atonement for your sin.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moshe said to the people, You have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up to the Lord; perhaps I shall make atonement for your sin.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And it was on the next day that Moses said to the people: You have committed a great sin. And now, I shall go up to the L-rd. Perchance, I will shield you from your sin.


###### Exodus 32:31
[Exodus 32:31](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:31)

וַיָּ֧שׇׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהֹוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Moshe returned to Adonoy and said, “I beseech You! This people have committed a great sin and have made a god of gold.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And Moshe returned to the Lord, and said, Oh, this people has sinned a great sin, and they have made them gods of gold.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And Moses returned to the L-rd and he said: I implore You — This people has committed a great sin, and they have made for themselves gods of gold [(If You had not lavished so much gold upon them, they would not have sinned)].


###### Exodus 32:32
[Exodus 32:32](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:32)

וְעַתָּ֖ה אִם־תִּשָּׂ֣א חַטָּאתָ֑ם וְאִם־אַ֕יִן מְחֵ֣נִי נָ֔א מִֽסִּפְרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּתָֽבְתָּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Now if You would bear [forgive] their sin, and if not, blot me out from Your book that You have written.”

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin – ; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And now, if You will bear their sin, [good — do not erase me,] but if not, erase me, I pray You, from Your book that You have written [(Erase me from Your entire Torah, so that it not be said about me that I was not worthy enough to implore mercy for Israel.)]


###### Exodus 32:33
[Exodus 32:33](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:33)

וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י אֶמְחֶ֖נּוּ מִסִּפְרִֽי׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Adonoy said to Moshe, “Those who have sinned against Me, I will blot out from My book.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the Lord said to Moshe, Whoever has sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the L-rd said to Moses: Whoever sinned against Me, him shall I erase from My book.


###### Exodus 32:34
[Exodus 32:34](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:34)

וְעַתָּ֞ה לֵ֣ךְ**׀** נְחֵ֣ה אֶת־הָעָ֗ם אֶ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ לָ֔ךְ הִנֵּ֥ה מַלְאָכִ֖י יֵלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וּבְי֣וֹם פׇּקְדִ֔י וּפָקַדְתִּ֥י עֲלֵהֶ֖ם חַטָּאתָֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
And now, go, lead the people to [the place] of which I have spoken to you. Behold, My angel will go before you. However on the day when I take account of them, I will take their sin into account.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Therefore now go, lead the people to the place of which I have spoken to thee: behold, my angel shall go before thee: nevertheless in the day when I punish, I will punish their sin upon them.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And now, go and lead the people whither I have spoken to you. Behold, my angel [ — but not I — ] shall go before you, and, [though I grant your petition not to destroy them outright,] on the day of My accounting [for other sins], I shall reckon their sin [of the golden calf] against them. ["No punishment comes upon Israel which does not contain some payment for the sin of the golden calf."]


###### Exodus 32:35
[Exodus 32:35](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Exodus/r/32:35)

וַיִּגֹּ֥ף יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעָ֑ם עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָעֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן׃{ס}

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Adonoy then struck the people with a plague because they had made [worshiped] the calf that Aharon made.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the Lord plagued the people, because they made the calf, which Aharon had made.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the L-rd smote the people with plague [(those who had sinned in the presence of witnesses but who had not been warned — see 20 above)] because they had made the calf that Aaron had made.