## Gittin Daf 31b

###### Gittin 31b:1
[Gittin 31b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:1)

מֵעֵת לְעֵת שֶׁל הַנָּחָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It means **from the time** that it was **set aside until the** same **time** the day after it was set aside. In other words, he must be concerned about all of the untithed produce that he had rendered fit after the first twenty-four hour period from when he set aside the produce or money had passed.


###### Gittin 31b:2
[Gittin 31b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:2)

תְּנַן: אִם אָבְדוּ – הֲרֵי זֶה חוֹשֵׁשׁ מֵעֵת לְעֵת. בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מֵעֵת לְעֵת שֶׁל בְּדִיקָה – שַׁפִּיר;

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**We learned** in the mishna: **If** he discovers that **they were lost,** then **he must be concerned** that the produce or money that he set aside was lost **from the time until the** same **time. Granted, according to the one who said** that this means **from the time** it was **checked** and found to be lost **until the** same **time** of day on the previous day, it works out **well,** as the wine is presumed to have turned to vinegar from that moment.


###### Gittin 31b:3
[Gittin 31b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:3)

אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מֵעֵת לְעֵת שֶׁל הַנָּחָה – הַאי ״מֵעֵת לְעֵת״?! ״עַד מֵעֵת לְעֵת״ מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ! קַשְׁיָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But according to the one who said** that this means **from the time** that it was **set aside until the** same **time** the day after it was set aside, **this** expression: **From the time until the** same **time,** is imprecise, as the presumption is that the wine turned to vinegar dating back to the day after it had been set aside. Therefore, it **should have** said: One is concerned going back **until** then **from the time** it was set aside **to the** same **time** the following day, i.e., twenty-four hours after it had been set aside. The Gemara comments: The wording of the mishna is **difficult** according to that opinion.


###### Gittin 31b:4
[Gittin 31b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:4)

דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: חֲלוּקִין עָלָיו חֲבֵירָיו עַל רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר – דִּתְנַן: מִקְוֶה שֶׁנִּמְדַּד וְנִמְצָא חָסֵר; כׇּל טְהָרוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ עַל גַּבָּיו לְמַפְרֵעַ – בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים – טְמֵאוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna teaches that this is **the statement of** the *tanna* **Rabbi Elazar.** The *amora* **Rabbi Elazar says: Rabbi Elazar’s colleagues disagree with him, as we learned** in a mishna (*Mikvaot* 2:2): In the case of **a ritual bath** that was known to have contained the requisite forty *se’a*, **which was** then **measured and found deficient** in its quantity of water, **all pure items that had been rendered** pure **in it, retroactive** to when the ritual bath was last measured, **whether** this ritual bath is found **in the private domain or in the public domain, are impure.**


###### Gittin 31b:5
[Gittin 31b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:5)

פְּשִׁיטָא דַּחֲלוּקִין! מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: מַאי ״לְמַפְרֵעַ״ – מֵעֵת לְעֵת, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: It **is obvious that** those who ascribe to the statement of that mishna **disagree** with Rabbi Elazar the *tanna*. What novel idea is Rabbi Elazar the *amora* teaching? The Gemara answers: It is necessary **lest you say** that **what** the term **retroactive** is referring to is any item that was immersed and purified **from the time** it was found to be deficient **until the** same **time** the previous day, in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar. Therefore, he **teaches us** that in fact they disagree and deem impure all items immersed from the time that the ritual bath had last been checked.


###### Gittin 31b:6
[Gittin 31b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:6)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים כּוּ׳: תָּנָא: בְּקִידּוּם שֶׁל מוֹצָאֵי הַחַג שֶׁל תְּקוּפָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that **Rabbi Yehuda says:** One checks the wine **at three times** during the year. One of these times is when the east wind blows at the conclusion of the festival of *Sukkot*. A Sage **taught:** It is checked **when the east wind blows at the conclusion of the festival** of *Sukkot* **in** the **season** of *Tishrei*, i.e., autumn. However, if the summer continues until the festival of *Sukkot*, then in the event of this unusual occurrence one does not check the wine.


###### Gittin 31b:7
[Gittin 31b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:7)

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים מוֹכְרִין אֶת הַתְּבוּאָה – לִפְנֵי הַזֶּרַע, וּבִשְׁעַת הַזֶּרַע, וּבִפְרוֹס הַפֶּסַח. וּבִשְׁלֹשָׁה פְּרָקִים מוֹכְרִין אֶת הַיַּיִן – בִּפְרוֹס הַפֶּסַח, וּבִפְרוֹס עֲצֶרֶת, וּבִפְרוֹס הַחַג. וְשֶׁמֶן – מֵעֲצֶרֶת וְאֵילָךְ. לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא? אָמַר רָבָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב פָּפָּא: לְשׁוּתָּפִין. מִכָּאן וְאֵילָךְ, מַאי? אָמַר רָבָא: כׇּל יוֹמָא פִּירְקֵיהּ הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Yehuda says** that **at three times** during the year **one sells the grain: Before** the time of **the sowing, and during the time of the sowing, and before the** festival of **Passover. And at three times** of the year **one sells the wine: Before the** festival of **Passover, and before** the festival of ***Shavuot*, and before the festival** of *Sukkot*. **And oil** is sold **from** the festival of ***Shavuot* and onward.** The Gemara asks: **With regard to what *halakha*** was this stated? One may sell these products whenever he so desires. **Rava said, and some say** that it was **Rav Pappa** who said: This *halakha* was stated **with regard to partners,** as one partner may sell these products without the permission of the other only at these times of the year. At other times, he must first receive permission from his partner. **From this** point **forward,** i.e., after the latest of the three times has passed, **what** is the *halakha*? **Rava said: Every day is its time** to be sold.


###### Gittin 31b:8
[Gittin 31b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:8)

״וַיְהִי כִּזְרוֹחַ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ וַיְמַן אֱלֹהִים רוּחַ קָדִים חֲרִישִׁית״ – מַאי ״חֲרִישִׁית״? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמְּנַשֶּׁבֶת, עוֹשֶׂה תְּלָמִים תְּלָמִים בַּיָּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ Having mentioned the east wind, the Gemara quotes a related verse: **“And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehement [*ḥarishit*] east wind”** (Jonah 4:8). The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of the word **“*ḥarishit*”? Rav Yehuda says:** It means a wind that plows [*ḥoreshet*], as **at the time that** the wind **blows, it forms many furrows in the sea,** as though it were plowing the sea.


###### Gittin 31b:9
[Gittin 31b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:9)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבָּה: אִי הָכִי, הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״וַתַּךְ הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ עַל רֹאשׁ יוֹנָה וַיִּתְעַלָּף״?! אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבָּה: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמְּנַשֶּׁבֶת, מְשַׁתֶּקֶת כׇּל הָרוּחוֹת מִפָּנֶיהָ. וְהַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״אֲשֶׁר בְּגָדֶיךָ חַמִּים בְּהַשְׁקִט אֶרֶץ מִדָּרוֹם״. אָמַר רַבִּי תַּחְלִיפָא בַּר רַב חִסְדָּא, אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: אֵימָתַי בְּגָדֶיךָ חַמִּים? בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִשְׁקִיט אֶרֶץ מִדָּרוֹם. שֶׁבְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמְּנַשֶּׁבֶת מְשַׁתֶּקֶת כׇּל הָרוּחוֹת מִפָּנֶיהָ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba said to him: If that is so,** then **that which is written** in the continuation of the verse: **“And the sun beat upon the head of Jonah and he fainted”** (Jonah 4:8), is difficult; it seems from the continuation of the verse that the wind was extremely hot, not strong. **Rather, Rabba says: At the time that it blows, it silences all the winds before it.** Therefore, it is called *ḥarishit*, because all other winds are silent [*maḥarishot*] before it. Since only this wind was blowing, it became very hot. **And this is as it is written: “You whose garments are hot, when the earth is still by reason of the south wind”** (Job 37:17). **Rabbi Taḥalifa bar Rav Ḥisda says** that **Rav Ḥisda says** in explanation of this verse: **When are your garments hot,** i.e., when is there the greatest heat? It is **when the earth is still by reason of the south wind, as at the time that** the southern wind **blows, it silences all the winds before it.**


###### Gittin 31b:10
[Gittin 31b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:10)

רַב הוּנָא וְרַב חִסְדָּא הֲווֹ יָתְבִי. חָלֵיף וְאָזֵיל גְּנִיבָא עֲלַיְיהוּ, אֲמַר חַד לְחַבְרֵיהּ: נֵיקוּם מִקַּמֵּיהּ, דְּבַר אוֹרְיָין הוּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִידַּךְ: מִקַּמֵּי פָּלְגָאָה נֵיקוּם?! אַדְּהָכִי אֲתָא אִיהוּ לְגַבַּיְיהוּ, אֲמַר לְהוּ: בְּמַאי עָסְקִיתוּ? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: בְּרוּחוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that **Rav Huna and Rav Ḥisda were sitting,** and **Geneiva passed by them. One said to the other: Let us stand before him, as he is a son of** the **Torah. The other said to him: Shall we stand before a quarrelsome** person? **In the meantime,** Geneiva **came to them** and **said to them: With what were you dealing** when you were sitting together? **They said to him:** We were dealing **with winds.**


###### Gittin 31b:11
[Gittin 31b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:11)

אֲמַר לְהוּ: הָכִי אָמַר רַב חָנָן בַּר רָבָא, אָמַר רַב: אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת מְנַשְּׁבוֹת בְּכׇל יוֹם, וְרוּחַ צְפוֹנִית מְנַשֶּׁבֶת עִם כּוּלָּן; שֶׁאִלְמָלֵא כֵּן, אֵין הָעוֹלָם מִתְקַיֵּים אֲפִילּוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת. וְרוּחַ דְּרוֹמִית קָשָׁה מִכּוּלָּן, וְאִלְמָלֵא בֶּן נֵץ מַעֲמִידָהּ, מַחְרֶבֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ מִפָּנֶיהָ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הֲמִבִּינָתְךָ יַאֲבֶר נֵץ יִפְרֹשׂ כְּנָפָיו לְתֵימָן״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**He said to them: This is what Rav Ḥanan bar Rava says** that **Rav says: Four winds blow on each day, and the north wind blows** together **with each of** the other three; **as, if this were not so** and the northern wind did not blow, then **the world would not survive** for **even one hour. And the south wind is harsher than all of them, and were it not** for the angel called **Ben Netz,** who **stops it** from blowing even harder, then it would **destroy the entire world before it, as it is stated: “Does the hawk [*netz*] soar by your wisdom, and stretch her wings toward the south?”** (Job 39:26).


###### Gittin 31b:12
[Gittin 31b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:12)

רָבָא וְרַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק הֲווֹ יָתְבִי; הֲוָה חָלֵיף וְאָזֵיל רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יַעֲקֹב, דְּיָתֵיב בְּגוּהַרְקָא דְּדַהֲבָא וּפְרִיס עֲלֵיהּ סַרְבָּלָא דְכַרָּתֵי. רָבָא אֲזַל לְגַבֵּיהּ, רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק לָא אֲזַל לְגַבֵּיהּ. אָמַר: דִּלְמָא מֵאִינָשֵׁי דְּבֵי רֵישׁ גָּלוּתָא נִינְהוּ; רָבָא צָרִיךְ לְהוּ, אֲנָא לָא צְרִיכְנָא לְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara also relates that **Rava and Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak were sitting,** and **Rav Naḥman bar Ya’akov was passing** by them **while sitting on a gilt carriage [*goharka*] and** with **a green cloak [*sarbela*] spread over him. Rava went to him,** but **Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak did not go to him. He said: Perhaps they are members of the house of the Exilarch. Rava needs them,** but **I do not need them.**


###### Gittin 31b:13
[Gittin 31b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:13)

כְּדַחֲזָא דְּרַב נַחְמָן בַּר יַעֲקֹב הֲוָה, אָזֵיל לְגַבֵּיהּ. גַּלִּי לִדְרָעֵיהּ, אֲמַר: שַׁדְיָא נָשֵׁיב! אָמַר רָבָא, הָכִי אָמַר רַב: אִשָּׁה מַפֶּלֶת בּוֹ; וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ מַרְגָּלִית שֶׁבַּיָּם מַרְקֶבֶת בּוֹ; רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע שֶׁבִּמְעֵי אִשָּׁה מַסְרַחַת בּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**When he saw that it was Rav Naḥman bar Ya’akov, he** also **went to him.** Rav Naḥman bar Ya’akov **uncovered his arm** due to the heat and **said:** The wind called **Shadya is blowing. Rava says** that **this is** what **Rav says** about this wind: **A woman miscarries in its** wake. **And Shmuel says: Even a pearl [*margalit*] that is in the sea decomposes in its** wake. **Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Even the semen that is in a woman’s womb putrefies in its** wake.


###### Gittin 31b:14
[Gittin 31b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:14)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק, וּשְׁלׇשְׁתָּן מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ: ״כִּי הוּא בֵּין אַחִים יַפְרִיא יָבוֹא קָדִים רוּחַ ה׳ מִמִּדְבָּר עוֹלֶה וְיֵבוֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ וְגוֹ׳״. ״יֵבוֹשׁ מְקוֹרוֹ״ – זוֹ מְקוֹרָהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה. ״וְיֶחֱרַב מַעְיָינוֹ״ – זֶה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע שֶׁבִּמְעֵי אִשָּׁה. ״הוּא יִשְׁסֶה אוֹצַר כׇּל כְּלִי חֶמְדָּה״ – זוֹ מַרְגָּלִית שֶׁבַּיָּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak,** who was present, **said** about their statements: **And the three of them derived** their statements **from one verse,** as it is stated: **“For though he be fruitful among the reed-plants, an east wind shall come, the wind of the Lord coming up from the wilderness, and his spring shall become dry,** and his fountain shall be dried up; he shall spoil the treasure of all precious vessels” (Hosea 13:15). The statement that a woman miscarries in its wake is based on the phrase **“His spring shall become dry,”** as **this** is referring to **a woman’s womb.** With regard to the phrase **“And his fountain shall be dried up,” this** is referring to the **semen that is in a woman’s womb.** And with regard to the phrase **“He shall spoil the treasure of all precious vessels,” this** is referring to **a pearl in the sea.**


###### Gittin 31b:15
[Gittin 31b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Gittin/r/31b:15)

אָמַר רָבָא: עָדֵי סוּרָאָה הוּא, דְּדָיְיקִי קְרָאֵי! מַאי ״כִּי הוּא בֵּין אַחִים יַפְרִיא״? אָמַר רָבָא: אֲפִילּוּ

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava says: This** Sage **is from Sura, as they are precise** with **verses.** The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of: **“Though he be fruitful [*yafri*] among the reed-plants”? Rava said: Even**