## Ibn Ezra on Isaiah Chapter 31

###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:1:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:1:1)

**הוי.** כמו אוי, ליורדים מצרים שלא ראו זאת התשועה והלכו להנצל, ושם ימותו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
אוי ═ הוי Woe!¹—*Woe unto those that go down to Egypt,* that do not see the deliverance that is coming, and go thither in order to be saved, but will in fact perish there.

footnotes:
¹ See c. i., Note 13.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:1:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:1:2)

**ולא שעו.** שלא הרפו עצמם לבטוח בשם, מגזרת שעו מני (ישעיהו כ"ב ד'), והאומר כי שעו חסר נו"ן איננו נכון:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ולא שעו *And they look not.* Lit. They do not resign themselves to the mercy of God.² Comp. שעו מני turn away from me (22:4); to consider שענו ═ שעו is incorrect.³

footnotes:
² שעה means literally to turn away (See I. E. on 17:7, and note 11); it is, therefore, usually followed by מן from; but by way of ellipsis, sometimes by אל, so that שעה מן ⋯ אל ═ שעה אל.
³ שעו is derived from שעה to turn; שענו from שען to lean.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:2:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:2:1)

**וגם.** גם השם ידע מחשבותם והביא רע עליהם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Yet he also is wise*, etc. God also knew their plans, and has brought evil upon them.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:2:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:2:2)

**ואת דברו לא הסיר.** לא בטל:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לא הסיר He hath not called back.⁴

footnotes:
⁴ A.V., He will not call back.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:3:1)

**ומצרים. ולא רוח.** מלאך כמו יי אלהים שלחני ורוחו (ישעיהו מ"ח ט"ז):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And not a spirit*, that is, not an angel. Comp. ורוחו and His spirit═and His angel (48:16).⁵

footnotes:
⁵ אֵל and רוּחַ are contrasted with אדם and בשר, the help from above with that of man, the deliverance to be caused by God with that expected from the support of Egypt; in the report of the deliverance of Jerusalem from the Assyrian army, the angel is mentioned as the agent; therefore רוח is explained here by angel.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:3:2)

**ידו.** מכתו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*His hand.* The striking with His hand.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:3:3)

**ויחדו.** מצרים והבורחים אליהם, והטעם כי מלך אשור השחית מצרים בבואו אל ירושלם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And they all together*, Egypt and those that fled thither. The King of Assyria attacked Egypt at the same time that Jerusalem was threatened by him.⁶

footnotes:
⁶ The expedition of Sennacherib against Egypt was not successful; he besieged Pelusium, but was compelled to retire by Tirhaka, King of Æthiopia. See Geschichte Assure und Babels von Niebuhr, p. 174.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:3:4)

**יכליון.** שלם כמו יחסיון (תהלים ל"ו ח'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יכליון *They shall fail.* It is the full form, without dropping the third radical, like יחסיון they trust⁷ (Ps. 36:8)

footnotes:
⁷ Comp. 21:12.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:1)

**כי.** יהגה, כטעם ישאג:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יהגה *He roareth.* It is the same in meaning as ישאג.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:2)

**אשר יקרא.** זה אל זה להתחבר להלחם עם האריה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יקרא עליו מלא רעים אשר *When all*⁸ *shepherds are called,* one by the other, to join in the fight against the lion.

footnotes:
⁸ A. V., A multitude of.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:3)

**מלא.** כלם, שלא יחסר רועה שלא יבא:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
מלא The full number, all of them, that not one shepherd shall fail to come.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:4)

**ומהמונם לא יענה.** מגזרת עני (דברים כ"ד י"ב) גם לענות (שמות י' ג'), וכמוהו זמיר עריצים יענה (ישעיהו כ"ה ה'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לא יענה *He will not abase himself.* Root ענה to be poor. Comp. עני poor (Deut. 24:12); לענות to be humble (Ex. 10:3); יענה shall be brought low (25:5).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:5)

**ירד.** רמז למלאך:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*So shall the Lord of hosts come down,* etc. The angel coming down to smite the Assyrian army is meant.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:1)

**כצפרים.** מלת צפרים נקבה, ואם היא במ"ם כפילגשים לעולם לשון נקבה, על כן עפות:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
כצפרים *As birds*. This noun is feminine, although it has the plural termination ־ִים (comp. פילגשים concubines, signifying exclusively a female being, and still with the masculine termination); it is therefore followed by the feminine form עפות flying.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:2)

**עפות.** שם תואר בפועל כמו רצות ושבות (יחזקאל א' י"ד):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
עפות is a participle. Comp. רצות ושבוּת running and returning (Ez. 1:14).⁹

footnotes:
⁹ The Hebrew text has רצות נשבות; this seems to be a corruption of רצות ושבות, (the reading of the Br. Mus. MS.); but this phrase is not found in the Bible; we must, therefore, either suggest another reading, perhaps נשמות ארצות, countries that are desolate, (Ez. 30:7), and explain the quotation as a proof of the correctness of the use of the participle as an adjective, or suppose that I. E. read רצות ושבות (Ez. 1:14), instead of רצוא ושוב of our editions.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:3)

**יגן.** יסתיר מגזרת מגן (בראשית ט"ו א'), והטעם על בני הצפרים שיגנו עליהם ויצילום:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יגן *He will cover*.¹⁰ Comp. מגן shield (Gen. 15:1). As the birds cover with their wings their young ones, in order to protect them, so will the Lord, etc.

footnotes:
¹⁰ A.V., Will defend.—Root גנן to cover, to protect.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:4)

**והציל.** שם הפועל אף על פי שהוא בחירק:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
וְהִצִּיל *And to deliver*.¹¹ Although there is a Hirek under the ה, it is nevertheless infinitive.¹²

footnotes:
¹¹ A.V., He will deliver.
¹² The regular form is וְהַצֵּל. The same remark is to be applied to וְהִמְלִיט instead of וְהַמְלִיט


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:5)

**פסוח.** מגזרת ופסח יי על הפתח (שמות י"ב כ"ג):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
פסוח *To pass over*. Comp. ופסח and he will pass over (Ex. 12:23)


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:6:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:6:1)

**שובו.** אלה דברי הנביא שובו לשם אתם בני ישראל שהעמקתם לו סרה, מגזרת סורר (דברים כ"א י"ח):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Turn ye unto him,* etc. The prophet, addressing Israel, says: Return, ye Israelites, to God, from whom you have deeply revolted. סרה is derived from סרר to revolt. Comp. סורר rebellious (Deut. 21:18)


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:7:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:7:1)

**כי.** ידיכם, רמז לעושים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Your hands.* Your workmen.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:7:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:7:2)

וטעם **חטא.** שאין חטא למעלה ממנו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
חטא *For a sin;* for a sin *κατ ἐξοχήν,* a sin that surpasses all others.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:8:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:8:1)

**ונפל.** בחרב לא איש רק ביד המלאך וחרבו השלופה, ואם הוא כדרך משל להבין השומעים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*With a sword, not of a mighty man*, but with the drawn sword of an angel. The sword is a figurative expression.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:8:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:8:2)

**ובחוריו.** הנמלטים ילקחו בדרך:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And his young men* that will have escaped *shall be discomfited*, shall be overtaken on the ways in which they try to flee.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:9:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:9:1)

**וסלעו וגו'.** יעבור סלעו הוא גבול מלכותו, מרוב פחדו, וזה טעם ממגור, והטעם כי יברח ולא ישען על סלעו, [וחתו] מכל נס שיראו שריו הנמלטים או הנשארים בארצו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And he shall pass by his stronghold,* etc.¹³ He will go beyond his stronghold at the border of his kingdom, for his great fear; he will flee, and not rely on his strongholds. *And his princes*, etc. His princes that will have escaped, or will remain in the land, will be afraid of every ensign which they will see.

footnotes:
¹³ A. V., And he shall pass over to his stronghold.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:9:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 31:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:9:2)

**אור ותנור.** רמז למזבח, או דרך משל כאשר הזכיר למעלה ולהב אש אוכלה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Fire, furnace*. By these names the altar in Jerusalem is meant; or they are used figuratively,¹⁴ like And the flame of consuming fire (29:6).¹⁵

footnotes:
¹⁴ Signifying the approaching divine punishment.
¹⁵ Comp. I. E., ad locum.