## Ibn Ezra on Isaiah Chapter 5

###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:1:1)

**אשירה נא.** כל נא כמו עתה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
נא *Now.* נא is always identical in meaning with עתה now.¹

footnotes:
¹ The identity of נא and עתה is often mentioned by our author, as if he thereby wished emphatically to exclude the meaning of I pray thee; compare Talmud Babli, Berachoth, p. 9, אין נא אלא ל׳ בקשה, the word נא means always ‘I pray thee,’ and Rashi on Gen. 19:18.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:1:2)

**לידידי.** בעבור ידידי כמו אמרי לי (בראשית כ' י"ג) בעבורי:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לידידי *Concerning*² *my well-beloved;* comp. אמרי לי Say of me (Gen. 20:13).

footnotes:
² A.V., To.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:1:3)

**לכרמו.** בעבור כרמו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לכרמו Touching his vineyard.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:1:4)

**ידידי.** עקרו משולש, ודודי מהשניים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ידידי *My well-beloved.* Root tri-literal דודי .(ידד) *My beloved.* Root bi-literal (דוד). ³ השניים, and Zahoth, on the biliteral verbs.

footnotes:
³ I. E. calls the verb ע״ו biliteral, since the ו is never sounded. Compare Moznaim, sub voce


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:1:5)

**בקרן בן שמן.** מקום נכבד היה בכרמי ירושלם, ויש אומרים בקרן שהוא במקום גבוה, בן שמן מגזרת והיה דשן ושמן (ישעיהו ל' כ"ג), וכמו לשד השמן (במדבר י"א ח'), ואיננו רחוק:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
בקרן בן שמן *In Keren Ben Shamen.* A beautiful spot among the vineyards of Jerusalem. According to some, בקרן On a hill. בן שמן Fruitful; comp. שָׁמֵן fat (30:23), לשׁד הַשָֽׁמֶן fat oil (Num. 11:8);⁴ and this explanation is not incorrect.

footnotes:
⁴ According to this opinion שָֽׁמֶן here and in Num. 11:8 has the same meaning as שָׁמֵֽן 30:23, fat, although having the accent on the first syllable, and in the second Segol instead of Zero. I. E. in the Commentary on Num. (11:8) rejects this explanation.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:1)

**ויעזקהו.** יש אומרים חיתמו מגזרת תרגום טבעת (ישעיהו ג' כ"א) עזקתא, ואין לו טעם, והנכון שאין למלה הזאת אח, רק תמצא בלשון קדר, וטעמו כמו גדר ומשוכה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ויעזקהו According to some: he sealed it; comp. the Chaldæan עזקתא Ring (3:21) for the Hebrew ⁵;טבעת but this gives no sense; I think that this word is hapax legomenon. In Arabic there is, however, a word of the same root, meaning fence or hedge (to fence).

footnotes:
⁵ עזק would thus be a denominative of עזקא ring: to seal with the ring.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:2)

**ויסקלהו.** מהבנין הכבד, וטעמו הסיר האבנים, ואם היה מהבנין הקל, אז יהיה לחבר האבנים, וכן ושרשך מארץ חיים (תהלים נ"ב ז'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ויסקלהו, Piel; he removed the stones thereof; the Kal, (סקל) has the meaning, to heap up stones; comp. ושרשך And he shall root thee out (Ps. 52:7).⁶

footnotes:
⁶ וְשֵׁרֶשְׁךָ is derived from שׁׂרֶשׁ root; the Hiphil of the same verb signifies to take root. Similarly דֶשֶׁן ashes, Piël: to take away the ashes.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:3)

**ויטעהו שורק.** מטעם שורק, כי שם הפועל הוא בכח כל פועל עבר או עתיד:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ויטעהו מטע שרק ═ ויטעהו שרק And he planted it, the planting of a choicest vine.⁷ The verbal substantive is implied in every form of the verb, whether past or future.

footnotes:
⁷ That is, he planted it as carefully as the choicest vine is planted. This kind of ellipsis is very often assumed by I. E., and a great many phrases are explained by it. A.V., And planted it with the choicest vine.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:4)

**ויבן מגדל בתוכו.** מקום לשבת השומר:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Tower*. A place for the watchman to dwell in.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:5)

**וגם יקב חצב בו.** להוציא התירוש בכרם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And also made a wine-press therein.* To press the vine within the vineyard.⁸

footnotes:
⁸ The wine-press in the vineyard does not contribute to the production of good grapes; but it shows how firmly the owner hoped for good grapes, and how strong his desire was to prevent any loss of the flavour of the fruit by the transport.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:6
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:6)

**באושים.** כמו חוחים, כמו ותחת שעורה באשה (איוב ל"א מ'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
באושים *Thorns;*⁹ comp. באשה thorn (31:40).

footnotes:
⁹ A.V., Wild grapes.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:7
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:2:7)

וטעם **ויעזקהו** שהיתה ארץ ישראל בנויה בבתים נחמדים וחומות, ויסקלהו שגרש הכנענים, והמגדל הוא בית השם שהיה בהר המוריה והיקב משל למזבח העולה, ענבים כמו צדיקים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
[The application of the parable is as follows:] *And he fenced it*. Palestine was filled with good houses and protected by strong walls. *And he removed the stones thereof*. God expelled the Canaanites. *And built a tower.* The temple on Mount Moriah was built. *And also made a wine-press.* The altar of burnt-offering was erected. *And he looked that it should bring forth grapes,* that is righteous men.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:3:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:3:1)

**ועתה יושב ירושלם ואיש יהודה.** כל איש שהוא מיהודה שהם סביבות ירושלם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And men of Judah.* And every man of Judah round about Jerusalem.¹⁰

footnotes:
¹⁰ And ye men of Judah═And ye other men of Judah. The inhabitants of Jerusalem were also men of Judah.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:4:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:4:1)

**מה וגו'.** מה נשאר מטוב לעשות לכרם שלא עשיתיו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*What could have been done,* etc. What good thing is left to be done for the vineyard that I have not yet done?


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:4:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:4:2)

**מדוע.** שתי מלות כמו מזה בידך (שמות ד' ב') וכן מלכם תדכאו עמי (ישעיהו ג' ט"ו):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
מדוע *Wherefore.* A compound of two words,¹¹ like (מה זה ═) מזה What is this (Exod. 4:2). (מה לכם═) מלכם What is it unto you (Is. 3:15)

footnotes:
¹¹ מַה יָדוּעַ ═ מה רוע ═ מדוע : What is known. Compare מה ראית What sawest thou (Gen. 20:10). There are also many instances of the use of the phrase מה ראית in the meaning Why in Rabbinical Literature.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:5:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:5:1)

**ועתה.** משוכתו, כמו לשכים בעיניכם (במדבר ל"ג נ"ה):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
משובחו *The hedge thereof.* Comp. שכים thorns (Num. 33:55).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:5:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:5:2)

**לבער.** לרעות כמו ובער בשדה אחר (שמות כ"ב ד'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לבער *For pasture.* Comp. ובער And he feedeth (Exod. 22:4).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:5:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:5:3)

וטעם **פרוץ גדרו** שתפולנה החומות:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Break down the fence thereof.* By this the prophet indicates that the walls of the towns shall be destroyed.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:6:1)

**ואישתהו בתה.** כמו שממה וכמוהו בנחלי הבתות (ישעיהו ז' י"ט):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
בתה *Waste.* Comp. בתות The desolate places (7:19).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:6:2)

**לא יזמר.** מגזרת זמורה, לתקנה לכרות ממנה הזמורה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יזמר *It shall be pruned.* זמורה branch is of the same root; זמר means to dress the vineyard by cutting off the branches.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:6:3)

**יעדר.** תקון כמו חפירה, וכמוהו אשר במעדר יעדרון (ישעיהו ז' כ"ה):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יעדר *It shall be digged.* עדר to dig, to prepare the vineyard by digging (comp. 7:25).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:6:4)

**שמיר ושית.** מיני קוצים, והטעם שיגברו הרשעים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
שמיר ושית Two kinds of thorns. The application of this figure is The wicked will increase.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:6:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:6:5)

וטעם **על העבים** על הנביאים וכן כתיב גם נביאיה לא מצאו חזון (איכה ב' ט'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*The clouds.* The prophets are hereby meant; comp. Her prophets also find no vision from the Lord (Lam. 2:9).¹²

footnotes:
¹² Compare Let my doctrine drop like rain, let my word distil as the dew, etc. (Deut. 32:2).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:7:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:7:1)

**כי.** הנה פירש הנמשל בכרם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
The prophet now explains who is meant by the vineyard.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:7:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:7:2)

**מספח.** מגזרת שאת המספחת היא (ויקרא י"ג ו'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
משפח *Disease.*¹³ Comp. מספחת scab (Lev. 13:6)

footnotes:
¹³ A.V., Oppression. About the interchange between ש and ס, see I. E. on 3:17.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:8:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:8:1)

**הוי מגיעי.** הוי כטעם קריאה, או כמו אוי, והטעם מסיגי גבול הבתים והשדות:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
הוי *Oh.* The sign for the vocative; or (אוי ═) woe. *That join house to house,* etc. That move the boundaries of the houses and fields according to their own interest. אין ═ אפס Not.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:8:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:8:2)

**עד אפס מקום.** עד שאין מקום והטעם שלקחו הכל:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Till there be no place.* Till they have taken away every place.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:8:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:8:3)

**והושבתם.** מבנין שלא נקרא שם פועלו, מהפועלים בעלי הי"וד וכן והורד המשכן (במדבר י' י"ז):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
הושבתם *That you may be placed*. Hophal of a verb ¹⁴;פ״י comp. ¹⁵ והורד and it was taken down (Num. 10:17)

footnotes:
¹⁴ ישב, To sit.
¹⁵ Hophal of ירד to go down.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:9:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:9:1)

**באזני.** הטעם באזני אני יי' צבאות זה החמס שעשיתי, וכמוהו יי' במראה אליו אתודע (במדבר י"ב ז'), או הוא דברי הנביא, ותחסר מלת אמר או קול:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
באזנָי באזנֵי יי ═ באזני יי To mine ears, the ears of the Lord, has come the report of the injustice which you have committed; comp. נביאכם יי Your prophet, the prophet of the Lord (Num. 12:6); or, referring באזני to the prophet, supply אמר said, or קול came the voice of.¹⁶

footnotes:
¹⁶ The question is, to whom does the personal pronoun in באזני refer, to the Lord or to the prophet? In either case we have here an ellipsis; in the first case we have to supply besides the verb hath come a noun in stat. constr., which governs the genitive of the Lord of hosts; in the second we must add, said, or came the voice of. The אני of the Hebrew text in this remark, as well as in that on 22:14, is a mutilation of אׇזְנֵי the ears of; the comparison with the instance quoted, and I. E. on Num. 12:6, leaves no doubt about it.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:10:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:10:1)

**כי עשרת.** סך חשבון והטעם רבים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Ten.* A round number, meaning many.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:10:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:10:2)

וטעם **צמדי כרם** בעבור שהסיגו הגבול והנה רובי הכרמים נצמדים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
צמדי כרם *Pairs of vineyards*.¹⁷ They have removed the boundaries, and many vineyards were thus coupled together (נצמדים), combined into one.

footnotes:
¹⁷ A. V., Acres.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:10:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:10:3)

**בת אחת.** מדה אחת והחומר הוא עשרת כורים והבת והאיפה שוות:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
בת *Bath*. A measure. חמר *Homer;* the same as ten pairs of vineyards.¹⁸ Bath and Epha are likewise equal.

footnotes:
¹⁸ Homer, though signifying a certain measure, is in this place like ten pairs, etc., not to be taken strictly, but in the meaning of a great quantity. The Hebrew text has the words והחומר הוא עשרת כורים the Homer has ten Kur. This statement is contradicted by Ez. 45:14, where Homer and Kur are declared to be equal. The concluding words Bath and Epha are equal, show that the purpose of I. E.’s remarks is to explain the parallelism of this verse: ten pairs of vineyards—Homer, Bath—Epha. We read, therefore, צמדי כרם instead of .כורים


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:11:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:11:1)

**הוי משכימי.** סמוך אף על פי שאחריו בי"ת, וכמוהו השכוני באהלים (שופטים ח' י"א):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
משכימי *That rise up early*. Status constructus, although followed by the preposition ב; comp. השכוני באהלים that dwell in tents (Judg. 8:11);


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:11:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:11:2)

וכן **מאחרי בנשף** תחילת הלילה, וכן בנשף בערב יום (משלי ז' ט'). כוכבי נשפו (איוב ג' מ'), כי נשף יש שהוא סמוך אל הבקר:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
the same is the case with the following מאחרי בנשף, that continue until night. נשף The beginning of the night (comp. Prov. 7:9, Job 3:9); sometimes נשף is the time before daybreak, the dawning.¹⁹

footnotes:
¹⁹ נֶשֶׁף signifies the transition from day to night, and from night to day; as a rule it is used for the twilight of the evening, but sometimes for dawn.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:11:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:11:3)

ומלת **ידליקם** יוצאה לשנים פעולים, מגזרת כי דלקת אחרי (בראשית ל"א ל"ו) ויש אומרים מתרגום יבעירם בארמית:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ידליקם Causative. He will cause them to pursue; comp. דלקת Thou hast pursued (Gen. 31:36); others compare it with דאדלק, the Chaldæan translation of המבעיר, he that kindled (Exod. 22:5).²⁰

footnotes:
²⁰ In the first explanation I. E. omits to show what has to be supplied as the second object; very probably it is wine or strong drink. According to the second explanation יין ידליקם is to be translated till wine inflame them.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:12:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:12:1)

**והיה כנור.** ידוע:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
כנור *Harp*. A well-known musical instrument.²¹

footnotes:
²¹ This remark is quite superfluous, but very probably the comments on נבל and חליל elicited also—for the sake of completeness—a word for כנור.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:12:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:12:2)

**נבל.** שיש בו עשרה נקבים, גם חליל מגזרה חלול:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
נבל A musical instrument with ten holes.²² חליל *Pipe*. Likewise a hollow instrument; חליל is of the same root as חלול, hollow.

footnotes:
²² נבל is, according to this explanation, the same as נבל עשור (Ps. 33:2), which is generally believed to be a musical instrument of ten strings. The explanation given here by I. E. is quoted by him in the commentary on Ps. 33:2, as the opinion of R. Moses Hakkohen with regard to נבל צשור, while he himself is of the opinion that these two words signify two different musical instruments.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:12:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:12:3)

**ואת פועל יי לא יביטו.** על דרך רבים שהמתעסק בשכרות לא ידע דרכי השם, וכן כל שוגה בו לא יחכם (משלי כ' א'), ולפי דעתי כי במקום הזה לא ידבר כי אם על הרעות שהביא השם על ישראל, כי גלו עשרות השבטים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And they regard not the work of the Lord*. Many explain, They regard, etc., because he who is given to drunkenness does not regard the ways of the Lord; comp. Whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise (Prov. 20:1); but my opinion is, that by the work of the Lord those punishments are to be understood which the Lord was bringing over Israel, when the ten tribes went into exile.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:13:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:13:1)

**לכן. וכבודו.** הטעם ועם כבכודו, כמשפט מלות מושכות אחרות:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ועם כבודו ═ וכבודו And the people of his glory, according to the rule of ellipsis; in the same way מח׳ צחה צמא ═ צחה צמא Men dried up with thirst.²³

footnotes:
²³ It is not clear why Ibn Ezra assumes the ellipsis of עחה ,מתי being an adjective agreeing with המון; even if it were a noun, thirst, and an ellipsis is to be assumed, that of המון is the one which recommends itself most as being more in accordance with the instances of ellipsis usually quoted by Ibn Ezra (see note 16); perhaps he read מֵתֵי רעב dying of hunger, instead of רעב מְתֵי men of hunger (that is, hungry men), and constructed accordingly the following phrase מֵתֵי צחה צמא ‘dying of thirst.’


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:13:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:13:2)

וכן **צחה צמא** מתי צחה, וטעם צחה קרוב מצמא, וכן והשביע בצחצחות (ישעיהו נ"ח י"א), וגזרתו האור הזך והצח:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
צחה is nearly the same as צמא thirsty; comp. בצחצחות in drought (58:11); צח (18:4), the pure and dry air.²⁴

footnotes:
²⁴ The words of the Hebrew text, ונזרתו האור הזך והצח, are corrupt. ונזרתו demands a biblical quotation containing some word of the root צח, and this is not given. Very probably the original had האויר הזך והצח ונזרתו כחם צח עלי אזר. The translation of the passage is based on this emendation.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:14:1)

**לכן.****נפשה.** הוא הרוח היוצא מהפה, וכמוהו נפשו גחלים תלהט (איוב מ"א י"ד):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
נפשה *Her breath*.²⁵ נפש is the breath that comes out of the mouth; comp. נפשו his breath (Job 41:21).

footnotes:
²⁵ A. V., Herself.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:14:2)

**ופערה** כמו פתחה, וכמוהו ופיהם פערו למלקוש [שם כ"ט כ"ג]:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ופערה *And opened;* comp. פערו they opened (Job 29:23).


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:14:3)

**לבלי חק.** הפך המנהג:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לבלי חק *Unusually*.²⁶

footnotes:
²⁶ חק statute, rule.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:14:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:14:4)

**ועלז.** וכל עזל שיש בה, או יהיה עלז לאחרים במפלתה, ויאמר רבי יונה ז"ל כי הוא כדרך השחוק שאירע לקצת המתים בעת המות:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ועלז בה And all that rejoice in it. or, and rejoicing will be—to others—at his fall. According to R. Jonah, the phrase ועלז בה And rejoicing, or laughing will be in it, describes that kind of laughter which may sometimes be noticed in people at the moment of death.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:15:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:15:1)

**וישפל.** כל אדם משאר הגוים אשר הם סביבות יהודה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And the mean man,* etc. And all men of the nations which surround Judah will be humbled.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:16:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:16:1)

**ויגבה.** אז תראה גבהות השם בעבור המשפט שיעשה בישראל, ותגלה קדושתו בעבור הצדק שיעשה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*But the Lord of hosts,* etc. Then the excellence of the Lord will be known by the judgment (משפט) which He will have executed on Israel, and His holiness will be revealed by the kindness (צדקה) shown to them.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:17:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:17:1)

**ורעו וגו'.** אז תהיה ארץ יהודה שממה, וירעו בה הכבשים כאילו נהוגים היו להיות שם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Then shall the lambs feed,* etc. Judah will then be desolate, and lambs will feed therein, as if they were driven to be there.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:17:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:17:2)

**[כדברם].** מגזרת ארמית וכמוהו דוברו' בים (מלכים א' ה' כ"ג):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
כדברם *As if they were driven*.²⁷ Comp. the Chaldee דבר to lead, to drive; and דברת floats (1 Kings 5:25).

footnotes:
²⁷ A. V., After their manner.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:17:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:17:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:17:3)

**מחים.** הם הכבשים השמנים שיש בהם מוח וכמוהו ממוחים (ישעיהו כ"ה ו'), וחרבות מגזרת חרבן, והנה הוא סמוך ותחסר מלת הארץ, כמו ושכור' (ישעיהו נ"א כ"א) יגון ולא מיין משא חמור להם (שמות א' י"ו כ'), וטעם גרי' יאכלו אנשים נכרים שידורו שם, והנה מחים תאר השם, והם פעולים והגרים פועלים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
מחים *Strong lambs*,²⁸ that have marrow (מוח) in their bones; comp. ממוחים things full of marrow (25:6). וחרבות *And the waste places of;* comp. חרבן destruction. It is the construct state; supply הארץ the land; comp. ושכורת And drunken of SORROW. (51:21). משא ח׳ ל׳ ═ חמר לחם An ass’s LOAD of bread (1 Sam. 16:20). גרים *Strangers,* that will then dwell there. מחים (Adjective,¹ strong lambs) is the objective case; גרים strangers, the subject.²⁹

footnotes:
²⁸ A.V., The fat ones.
¹ Comp. c. iii. note 5.
²⁹ The translation of the passage according to this explanation would be, And in the waste places of the land will strangers eat the fat lambs. This is against the accents which join מחים rather with חרבות than with יאכלו.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:18:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:18:1)

**הוי מושכי העון.** הטעם שיחזקו העון:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
מושכי העון That fasten iniquity.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:18:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:18:2)

**וכעבות העגלה חטאה**, הם מושכים חטאה, והוא שם כמו חטאת, כמו נושא עון ופשע וחטאה (שמות ל"ד ז'), כי גם יהיה תאר השם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
וכעבות העגלח חטאה supply הם משכים And draw sin as if it were with a cart rope. המאה is here a noun; it is the same as חטאת sin (comp. Exod. 34:7); it can also be an adjective, signifying a woman that committeth many sins.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:19:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:19:1)

**האומרים וגו'.** יתכן היות ימהר פועל יוצא כמו מהרו את המן (אסתר ה' ה'), ויתכן להיות יחישה לבדו יוצא, ובאו שניהם עתידים בלא דבק, וכמוהו אל תרבו תדברו (שמות א' ב' ג'), והטעם מי יתן ותבואנה אלה העתידו' ונראה אם הם אמת:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ימהר Either transitive, let him bring hastily; comp. מהרו (Esth. 5:5), fetch hastily; or intransitive, let him make speed; and only יחישה transitive, let him accelerate. As to two verbs in the future following each other without conjunction, comp. אל תרבו תדברו Talk no more (1 Sam. 2:3).—Let these prophecies be fulfilled, that we may see whether they are true.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:20:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:20:1)

**הוי.** הטעם בעבור שהם מתאוי' שתבאנה הרעות והנה הם כמי שאין לו דעת:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Woe unto them that call,* etc. They wish that these evils shall come, they are therefore like those that have no reason.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:21:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:21:1)

**הוי.** הטעם שלא יכירו בין טוב לרע והם חכמים בעיניהם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Woe unto them that are wise,* etc. They do not know how to discern between good and evil, yet think themselves wise.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:22:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:22:1)

**הוי גבורים.** הטעם נבערה חכמתם בעבור היין:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine,* etc. They lose their reason through drunkenness.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:22:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:22:2)

**למסוך כמו לנסוך.** והן שני שרשים וכמוהו מסכה יינה (משלי ט' ב'):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
לנסוך ═ למסוך To pour out,³⁰ though these words have different roots, נסך and מסך. Comp. מסכה she poured (Prov. 9:2)

footnotes:
³⁰ A. V., To mingle.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:23:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:23:1)

**מצדיקי.** והיין יעור לבם גם השוחד יעור לבם:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Which justify the wicked,* etc. Wine deprives them of understanding, so does a bribe.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:23:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:23:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:23:2)

**עקב.** בעבור, כטעם שכר באחרונה, מגזרת ואת עקבו מים (יהושע ח' י"ג):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
עקב *For,* the reward that comes generally at the end;³¹ comp. עקבו Its rear (Jos. 8:13).

footnotes:
³¹ Comp. I. E. on Deut. 7:12 and 8:20.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:23:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:23:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:23:3)

**וצדקת.** כל אחד מהצדיקים יסירו ממנה כמו בנות צעדה עלי שור (בראשית מ"ט כ"ב):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
וצדקת צדיקים יסירו ממנו *And the righteousness of each of the righteous they take away from him;* comp. בנות צעדה (Gen. 49:20).³²

footnotes:
³² Comp. 2:11.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:24:1)

**לכן. קש.** פעול ולשון אש פועל:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
קש *Stubble*. Objective case. לשון אש *The flame of fire*.³³ Subject.

footnotes:
³³ A. V., The fire.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:24:2)

**וחשש** כמו קש וכמוהו תהרו חשש (ישעיהו ל"ג י"א):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
חשש *Chaff;* comp. 33:11.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:24:3)

ויחסר אות בי"ת עם **להבה**, כמו כי ששת ימים (שמות כ' י"א) הנמצא בית יי' (מלכים ב' י"ח ט"ו), כי ירפה שב אל חשש, והוא פועל ועומד:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
בלהבה ═ להבה through the flame; comp. בששת ═ ששת in six (Exod. 20:11); בבית ═ בית in the house (2 Kings 18:15); for ירפה, the predicate to חשש, is an intransitive verb.³⁴

footnotes:
³⁴ The passage is therefore to be translated And chaff is consumed by the flame.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:24:4)

**כמק.** שימק השרש והנה לא יעמד:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Their root shall be as rottenness*. Their root will rot, and they will not be able to stand.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:24:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:24:5)

**כאבק.** סמוך, ויחסר ארץ או הדומה לו, והנה הטעם האבות והבנים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
כאבק *As the dust of*.³⁵ It is the construct state; supply הארץ the earth, or a similar word. *Their root. Their blossom*. The parents and their children.

footnotes:
³⁵ A. V., As dust. In our text כָּאָבָק is the absolute state. Ibn Ezra seems to have read כַּאֲבַק.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:25:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:25:1)

**על כן.** על שעזב תורתו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Therefore*. For having forsaken His law.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:25:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:25:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:25:2)

**וירגזו ההרים.** מכובד המכה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And the hills did tremble,* in consequence of the heavy blow.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:25:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:25:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:25:3)

**כסוחה.** מושלכת, והכ"ף שורש וכמוהו שרופה באש כסוחה (תהלים פ' י"ז), והם שנים משקלים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
כסוחה *Cast away;*³⁶ the כ is radical; comp. כסוחה thrown down³⁷ (Ps. 80:17). These two words are various forms of the same root.³⁸

footnotes:
³⁶ A. V., Torn.
³⁷ A. V., Cut down.
³⁸ כַּסּוּחָה is an adjective, כְּסוּחָה is participle passive Kal.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:26:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:26:1)

**ונשא.** כאילו ישא נס לכל גוי עד שיבא להלחם עם ישראל, וכן ושרק לו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And He will lift up,* etc. It will be as if He lifted up a banner to all nations to come and to fight against Israel; the same is meant by And will hiss, etc.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:26:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:26:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:26:2)

**קל יבוא.** בזמן קל יבא, או הוא תואר הבא, והוא הנכון:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
בזמן קל ═ קל Swiftly; or it is an adjective, attribute to the subject contained in the verb יבא he, a swift one, will come, and this latter explanation is the right one.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:27:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:27:1)

**אין וגו'.** ינום, קל מישן, והטעם לא ינום אף כי שישן:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
ינום *He will slumber*; נום signifies a sleep of a less profound kind than ישן. He will not slumber, much less will he sleep.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:27:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:27:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:27:2)

ולא נתק מבנין נפעל:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
נתק *It is broken*. Niphal.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:28:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:28:1)

**אשר.** כצר, כמו חרבות צורים (יהושע ה' ג'), כי משקלי השמות משתנים:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
כצר *Like flint*; comp. צורים flint³⁹ (Jos. 5:3); the form of the noun varies.⁴⁰

footnotes:
³⁹ A. V., Sharp.
⁴⁰ From the same root two nouns can be constructed of different forms, but having the same meaning, like צר and צור flint; there is, according to I. E., no standard for the inflexion of the noun as there is for the verb : all verbs are conjugated after פעל.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:28:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:28:2)

**וגלגליו.** כמו אופן מרכבותיו (שמות י"ד כ"ה), והם ידועים, וטעם כסופה שיבא מהרה, והפירוש כמוץ סופה:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
וגלגליו The wheels of his chariots; they⁴¹ are known. סופה ═ כסופה כמוץ. As the chaff of the storm.⁴² They will come as quickly as the chaff driven by the storm.

footnotes:
⁴¹ It is not clear whether the wheels or the chariots are to be understood; in the first case this remark is quite superfluous; in the second it is perhaps to explain the omission of of his chariots as easily supplied by the reader.
⁴² A. V., Like a whirlwind.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:29:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:29:1)

**שאגה. וינהום.** מלה זרה בעבור שאות הגרון ירחב, ויבוא העתיד על משקל יפעל, שהיה עי"ן הפועל אחד מהגרון, רק אם היה לו לומר כן לא יתכן להיותו כלל על משקל יפעול:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
וינהום *And he shall roar*. Irregular form; because regularly the guttural letter widens the vowel, and causes the form of the future to be like ⁴³,יִפְעַל the second radical of the verb פעל being a guttural; in the conjugation tables, however, no notice is taken of this property, else we should not have in the paradigm the standard form of the future ויפליט

footnotes:
⁴³ Instead of יִפְעוֹל. See Zahoth, on the Kal.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:29:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:29:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:29:2)

**ויפליט.** יראה שיפליט לראות אם יש מציל:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
יִפְצוֹל *And he lets escape*.⁴⁴ He lets escape the prey, as I think, in order to see whether there is any one to deliver it.

footnotes:
⁴⁴ A, V., And shall carry it away safe.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:1
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:30:1)

**וינהום עליו.** על ישראל:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
עליו *Against him:* against Israel.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:2
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:30:2)

**כנהמת ים.** כי אז יחשך אור העולם וכתוב חשכת מים (תהלים י"ח י"ב):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*Like the roaring of the sea,* etc.; *behold darkness*. For the light shall then be withheld from the earth. Comp. darkness of water⁴⁵ (Ps. 18:12).

footnotes:
⁴⁵ When great storms stir up the sea, clouds usually cover the sky and conceal the heavenly luminaries. The figure of the roaring of the sea is therefore followed by that of darkness.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:3
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:30:3)

וטעם **ונבט לארץ** כי בארץ יהיו ולא בים, ויבוא החשך דרך משל על מצוקות הלב, יש אומרים כי ונבט מבנין נפעל והקרוב אלי שהוא מבנין הכבד הדגוש, והוא שב אל ישראל כאשר אמרתי במלת עליו:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
*And if he look unto the land,* etc. For they⁴⁶ will be on the land, not on the sea. *And behold darkness*. Darkness is here a figure for the distress of the heart. ונבט According to some it is Niphal, And it is looked; but I think it is Piel, And he looks, and its subject is Israel, the same to whom reference is made in the word עליו, as I have already stated.

footnotes:
⁴⁶ They, the hostile armies, whose attack is compared to the roaring of the sea, will be on the land—that is to say, will reach the inhabitants of the land, the Israelites—and cause them harm and distress; they will not be like the roaring of the sea, for that does not hurt the people on land.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:4
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:30:4)

**צר ואור.** יש אומרים השמש והירח ואחרים אמרו הירח והשמש, כי הירח צר כנגד השמש, ור' אדוניה אומר שיחסר אות ה"א כאילו אמר צהר, כי אותיות יה"וא פעם הם יתרים גם ימצאו חסרים, והנה טעה כי ה"א איננה מאותיות המשך ולא יעלם [צ"ל תעלם] רק באחרונה שהיא תמורת אל"ף במבטא, והנכון בעיני להיות כמשמעו להיות צר כמו צר ומצוק מצאוני (תהלים קי"ט קמ"ג), או יהיה תואר השם, והטעם כי תחשך ארץ ישראל מפאת הצר, גם מפאת האור שיחשך בעת הריסותיה כי יעלה איך וכסה אור השמש:

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
צר ואור According to some, Sun and moon; according to others, Moon and sun, because the moon is small (צַר) if compared with the sun; R. Adonim thinks that ה is omitted, צהר═צר light; for the letters א ה ו י are sometimes present in a word when they are superfluous, and at others omitted where they properly form part of the root; but he is mistaken, because ה does not belong to the vowel letters, and cannot be dropped except at the end of a word, where it replaces א. I take צר literally; it has here the same meaning as in Ps. 119:143, namely, distress, or—being an adjective—distressed. Palestine will be darkened by distress as well as by the sun, which will cast a gloom over her at the time of her destruction; for a mist will rise and hide the sun.


###### Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:5
[Ibn Ezra on Isaiah 5:30:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ibn%20Ezra%20on%20Isaiah/r/5:30:5)

**בעריפיה.** כמו יערף מזבחתם (הושע י' ב') וקרוב מגזרת וערפתו (שמות י"ג י"ג):

**Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873:**
בעריפיה *In her destructions.*⁴⁷ Comp. יערף (Hos. 10:2) He will destroy; similar to it is וערפתו And break its neck (Exod. 13:13)

footnotes:
⁴⁷ A. V., In the heavens thereof.