## Keritot Daf 13a

###### Keritot 13a:1
[Keritot 13a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:1)

אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְחוּמְרָא, הַיְינוּ דְקָתָנֵי: ״עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁהֶא״, עַד דִּשְׁהִיָּ[ה] דִּילֵיהּ כְּדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Granted, if you say** that **Rabbi Meir** issued his ruling **as a stringency,** and that one is liable even if he ate the olive-bulk over a long period of time, **this** is the reason **that the** *tanna* **teaches** that the Rabbis say: **Unless** the amount of time **he expends,** meaning: **Unless his expenditure** of time is no more than the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread, he is exempt.


###### Keritot 13a:2
[Keritot 13a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:2)

אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְקוּלָּא, ״וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אִם שָׁהָה״ מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ! אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינָּה: רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְחוּמְרָא? שְׁמַע מִינָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But if you say** that **Rabbi Meir** issued his ruling **as a leniency,** meaning that if one interrupts in the middle of eating he is exempt, the *tanna* **should** have stated: **And the Rabbis say: If he expended** more than the time it takes to eat a half-loaf, he is exempt, which would indicate that if he expended less than this amount of time he is liable, even if he interrupted his eating in the middle. **Rather, isn’t it** correct to **conclude from it** that **Rabbi Meir** issued his ruling **as a stringency?** The Gemara affirms: **Conclude from it** that this is correct.


###### Keritot 13a:3
[Keritot 13a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:3)

אָמַר רַבְנַאי אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: בַּחֲלָבִים וּבִנְבֵילָה עַד שֶׁיִּשְׁהֶא מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס. אוֹכָלִים טְמֵאִים, שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים וּמַשְׁקִין – אֲפִילּוּ כׇּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Ravnai says** that **Shmuel says: With regard to** forbidden **fats and with regard to** an unslaughtered **animal carcass,** one is liable for eating an olive-bulk even with interruptions **unless** the time **he expends from beginning to end** is more than the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread, in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis in the mishna. If he ate **impure foods** in the volume of a quarter-loaf of bread, or he ate **repugnant creatures or creeping** animals, **or** drank a quarter-*log* of impure **liquids,** he becomes impure and may not partake of *teruma*, **even** if consumption extended for **the entire day,** provided that they are eaten within the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread.


###### Keritot 13a:4
[Keritot 13a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:4)

מַאי קָאָמַר? אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא, הָכִי קָאָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ כׇּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ, וְהוּא שֶׁאָכַל כְּזַיִת בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is** Shmuel **saying? Rav Pappa said** that **this** is what he **is saying: Even** if he eats the quarter-loaf of food over the course of **the entire day** he becomes impure, **but that** is the *halakha* only **where he ate** each **olive-bulk within** the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread.


###### Keritot 13a:5
[Keritot 13a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:5)

מֵיתִיבִי: כׇּל הָאוֹכָלִין מִצְטָרְפִין לִפְסוֹל הַגְּוִיָּיה בְּכַחֲצִי פְרָס – מַאי לַָאו דְּאַכְלֵיהּ לַחֲצִי פְרָס בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס? לָא, דַּאֲכַל כְּזַיִת כְּזַיִת בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from a *baraita*: **All** impure **foods combine** together **to disqualify** one’s **body** from eating *teruma* **if** he ate **a quarter-loaf** of the impure food. **What, is** this **not** referring to a case **where he ate the quarter-loaf within** the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread? The Gemara explains: **No,** it is referring to a case **where he ate each olive-bulk within** the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread, but he ate the full quarter-loaf in longer than that amount of time.


###### Keritot 13a:6
[Keritot 13a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:6)

מֵיתִיבִי: כׇּל הָאוֹכָלִין מִצְטָרְפִין לִפְסוֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּיה בְּכַחֲצִי פְרָס בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס, כֵּיצַד? אָכַל וְחָזַר וְאָכַל, אִם יֵשׁ מִתְּחִלַּת אֲכִילָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְעַד סוֹף אֲכִילָה אַחֲרוֹנָה כְּדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס – מִצְטָרְפִין, יוֹתֵר מִכָּאן – אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from another *baraita*: **All** impure **foods combine to disqualify** one’s **body** from eating *teruma* if he ate **a quarter-loaf** of the impure food **within** the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread. **How so?** In a case where **he ate and then ate again, if from the beginning of the first** period of **eating until the end of the last** period of **eating there is** no more than the amount of time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread, **they combine** together. If the time spent eating is **more than that, they do not combine** together.


###### Keritot 13a:7
[Keritot 13a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:7)

לֹא הִתִּירוּ לֶאֱכוֹל פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר לֵירֵד וְלִטְבּוֹל, יָרַד וְטָבַל וְעָלָה וְהִשְׁלִימוֹ – מִצְטָרֵף. הִתִּירוּ לָהּ לָעוּבָּרָה לֶאֱכוֹל פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר, מִפְּנֵי הַסַּכָּנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: The Sages **did not permit** one **who ate less than the** minimum **measure** of impure foods, i.e., a quarter-loaf, **to descend and to immerse** in a ritual bath. If **he descended, immersed, ascended, and** then ate more impure food and thereby **completed** consumption of the full measure of a quarter-loaf, this second act **combines** with his previous consumption of impure food and renders the person unfit to consume *teruma*, despite the immersion in the interim. The Sages **permitted a pregnant woman to eat less than the** minimum **measure due to the danger** of her miscarrying.


###### Keritot 13a:8
[Keritot 13a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:8)

כׇּל הַמַּשְׁקִין מִצְטָרְפִין לִפְסוֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּיה בִּרְבִיעִית בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס. כֵּיצַד? שָׁתָה וְחָזַר וְשָׁתָה, אִם יֵשׁ מִתְּחִלַּת שְׁתִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְעַד סוֹף שְׁתִיָּה אַחֲרוֹנָה כְּדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס – מִצְטָרְפִין, יוֹתֵר מִכָּאן – אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**All** impure **liquids combine to disqualify** one’s **body** from eating *teruma* if one consumes **a quarter-***log* **within** the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread.**How so?** In a case where **he drank and then drank again,** and in total he drank a quarter-*log*, **if from the beginning of the first** act of **drinking until the end of the last** act of **drinking there is** no more than the amount of time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread, **they combine** together. But if the period of drinking is **more than that** amount of time, **they do not combine.**


###### Keritot 13a:9
[Keritot 13a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:9)

הִתִּירוּ לָהּ לְמַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת לְהָנִיק בְּנָהּ, וּבְנָהּ טָהוֹר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to a woman who has the status of first-degree impurity because she came into **contact** with one who was **impure** with impurity imparted by **a corpse,** the Sages **permitted her to nurse her child, and her child** remains **pure.** If the child touches *teruma* he does not render it disqualified, despite having consumed milk that presumably became impure upon leaving the body of the mother. This concludes the *baraita*.


###### Keritot 13a:10
[Keritot 13a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:10)

קָתָנֵי מִיהַת: אִם יֵשׁ מִתְּחִלַּת אֲכִילָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְעַד סוֹף אֲכִילָה בִּכְדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס – מִצְטָרֵף. תְּיוּבְתָּא דְּרַבְנַאי, תְּיוּבְתָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains its objection from the *baraita*: **In any event,** the *baraita* **taught** that **if from the beginning of the first** period of **eating until the end of the last** period of **eating there is** no more than the amount of time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread, **they combine** together. This apparently contradicts the opinion of Ravnai, who says that if one eats a quarter-loaf of impure food in total and ate each olive-bulk within the time it takes to eat a half-loaf of bread, his acts of eating combine together and he is disqualified from consuming *teruma*. The Gemara concludes: **The refutation of** the opinion of **Ravnai** is **a conclusive refutation.**


###### Keritot 13a:11
[Keritot 13a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:11)

אָמַר מָר: לֹא הִתִּירוּ לוֹ לֶאֱכוֹל פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר לֵירֵד וְלִטְבּוֹל. מַאי קָאָמַר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara further discusses the *baraita*. **The Master said** above: The Sages **did not permit** one **who ate less than the** minimum **measure** of impure foods, i.e., a quarter-loaf, **to descend and to immerse** in a ritual bath. The Gemara asks: **What is he saying;** why is this prohibited?


###### Keritot 13a:12
[Keritot 13a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:12)

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה, הָכִי קָאָמַר: אָכַל פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר – לֹא הִתִּירוּ לוֹ לֵירֵד וְלִטְבּוֹל, שֶׁאִם יָרַד וְטָבַל וְעָלָה וְהִשְׁלִימוֹ – מִצְטָרֵף. וְאָתֵי לְמֵימַר: אַהֲנִי לִי טְבִילָה קַמַּיְיתָא, וְאֵין יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאֵין טְבִילָה אֶלָּא בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yehuda said** that **this** is what the *tanna* in the *baraita* **is saying:** If **he ate less than the** minimum **measure** that causes impurity, the Sages **did not permit him to descend and immerse. As, if he would descend and immerse and ascend and** eat more impure food and thereby **complete** the full measure of a quarter-loaf within the time it takes to eat a half-loaf, all the impure food he ate **would combine** together to disqualify him from eating *teruma*; **and** yet **he** might **come to say:** My **first immersion** following my first consumption of impure food **was effective for me,** and no additional immersion is required now that I ate merely another half-measure of impure food. **But** in fact, **he does not know that immersion is** effective in purifying him **only at the end,** and that if he now makes contact with *teruma* he will render it disqualified. Therefore, the Sages prohibited immersion in such a case to prevent one from reaching this erroneous conclusion.


###### Keritot 13a:13
[Keritot 13a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:13)

קָתָנֵי: הִתִּירוּ לָהּ לָעוּבָּרָה לֶאֱכוֹל פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר מִפְּנֵי הַסַּכָּנָה. מִפְּנֵי הַסַּכָּנָה אֲפִילּוּ טוּבָא נָמֵי תֵּיכוֹל! אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא, הָכִי קָתָנֵי: הִתִּירוּ לָהּ לָעוּבָּרָה פָּחוֹת מִכְּשִׁיעוּר, אֲפִילּוּ טוּבָא, מִפְּנֵי הַסַּכָּנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara analyzes another statement from the *baraita*: It was **taught** that the Sages **permitted a pregnant woman to eat less than the** minimum **measure due to the danger** of her miscarrying. Under the assumption that she is permitted to eat only less than the measure but not a full measure, the Gemara objects: Since it is permitted for her **due to the danger, let her even eat a lot,** i.e., more than the measure. **Rav Pappa said** that **this** is what the *baraita* **is teaching: They permitted a pregnant woman** to eat **less than the measure** of an olive-bulk within the time it takes to eat a half-loaf of bread, **even** if she ultimately eats **a lot** in this manner, **due to the danger** of her miscarrying.


###### Keritot 13a:14
[Keritot 13a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:14)

קָתָנֵי: הִתִּירוּ לְמַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת לְהָנִיק אֶת בְּנָהּ, וּבְנָהּ טָהוֹר – אַמַּאי טָהוֹר? כֵּיוָן דִּיינַק חָלָב אִיטַּמִּי לֵיהּ מֵחָלָב!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara further discusses the *baraita*: It was **taught** that with regard to a woman who came in **contact** with one who was **impure** due to **a corpse,** the Sages **permitted** her **to nurse her child, and her child** remains **pure** and may therefore be fed *teruma*. The Gemara asks: **Why** is he **pure? Once he nurses** from **the milk** of his mother, **he becomes impure from the milk.**


###### Keritot 13a:15
[Keritot 13a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:15)

וְכִי תֵּימָא: לָא אִיתַּכְשַׁר – נִתַּכְשַׁר בְּטִיפָּה מְלוּכְלֶכֶת עַל פִּי הַדַּד! אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: בִּתְקִיפָה אַחַת, לֹא הִנִּיחַ טִיפָּה מְלוּכְלֶכֶת עַל פִּי הַדַּד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you would say** that the mother’s milk **was not rendered susceptible** to impurity because it never came into contact with a liquid, which is necessary in order to render a food item susceptible to impurity, that is not so, as **it** is **rendered susceptible** to ritual impurity **due to the drop** of milk that is **smeared on the nipple.** Since this drop is not consumed by the child, it attains the status of a liquid rather than a food, and it subsequently renders the rest of the milk that passes through the nipple susceptible to impurity. **Rav Naḥman said** that **Rabba bar Avuh said:** The *baraita* is referring to a case where the child nursed **with one strong** suck, and therefore it did **not leave a drop** of milk **smeared on the nipple.**


###### Keritot 13a:16
[Keritot 13a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:16)

אָמַר רָבָא: שְׁתֵּי תְשׁוּבוֹת בַּדָּבָר: חֲדָא, דְּקָחָזֵינָא לְפוּמֵּיהּ דְּיָנוֹקָא דִּמְלֵא חָלָב! וְעוֹד, מְקוֹם חָלָב מַעְיָין הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said:** There are **two refutations of** this **statement: One** is **that we see** that **the mouth of the infant is filled with milk,** which means that it is impossible for it to have sucked so powerfully that it immediately swallowed all the milk without leaving a drop on the nipple. **And furthermore,** the mother’s milk does not need to be rendered susceptible to impurity like other foods in order to become impure and transmit impurity. This is because **the location** from which **the milk** emerges **is a spring,** i.e., it has the same status as the woman’s body. Therefore, if the woman is impure, her milk is also impure.


###### Keritot 13a:17
[Keritot 13a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:17)

דְּקָתָנֵי: חֲלֵב אִשָּׁה מְטַמֵּא בֵּין לְרָצוֹן וּבֵין שֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן, (בְּהֵמָה אֵינָהּ מְטַמֵּא אֶלָּא לְרָצוֹן.)

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava elaborates: **As** a mishna (*Makhshirin* 6:8) **teaches: A woman’s milk renders** food with which it comes into contact susceptible to **impurity, whether** it **emerges to** the **satisfaction** of the infant **or not to** its **satisfaction.** By contrast, the milk of **an animal renders** food susceptible **to impurity only** if it emerges **to** the **satisfaction** of the animal’s owner.


###### Keritot 13a:18
[Keritot 13a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:18)

מַאי לַָאו ״שֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן״ – דְּלָא נִיחָא לֵיהּ, וְקָתָנֵי: ״מְטַמֵּא״?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What, is it not** correct to say that when the mishna states that the milk emerged **not to** the **satisfaction** of the infant, it means **that** the milk is **not amenable** to him at that time, **and** yet the mishna **teaches** that it **renders** food susceptible to **impurity?** Since liquids generally render foods susceptible to impurity only if they come in contact with the food with the owner’s approval, it is clear that a woman’s milk has a different status than other foods or liquids. This means that it need not come into contact with a liquid in order to become impure or to impart impurity to another item. The question therefore remains: Why does the child remain pure when he drinks this impure liquid?


###### Keritot 13a:19
[Keritot 13a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:19)

אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דִּבְנָהּ טָהוֹר – דְּסָפֵק יָנַק כַּשִּׁיעוּר וְסָפֵק לֹא יָנַק, וְאִם תִּמְצָא לוֹמַר יָנַק, סָפֵק יְנָקוֹ בַּאֲכִילַת פְּרָס, סְפֵק יְנָקוֹ בְּיוֹתֵר מִכְּדֵי אֲכִילַת פְּרָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Rava said** that **this is the reason that her child** remains **pure:** The reason is **that** it is **uncertain** whether it **nursed the measure** of milk necessary to disqualify it from consuming *teruma*, **or** whether it did **not nurse** a sufficient amount of milk. **And** even **if you say** that it **nursed** a sufficient amount of milk, it is still **uncertain** whether it **nursed** the required amount of milk **within** the time it takes to **eat a half-loaf** of bread, or whether it **nursed** that amount **in more than** the time it takes **to eat a half-loaf** of bread and therefore is not disqualified from consuming *teruma*.


###### Keritot 13a:20
[Keritot 13a:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:20)

וּלְרָבָא, מְקוֹם חָלָב מַעְיָין הוּא, וְלֹא צָרִיךְ הֶכְשֵׁר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And according to** the opinion of **Rava,** is it correct that **the location** from which the **milk** emerges **is** considered like **a spring, and** therefore if the woman is impure the milk is also impure, **and it does not need** to be **rendered susceptible** to ritual impurity by contact with a liquid?


###### Keritot 13a:21
[Keritot 13a:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:21)

וְהָתְנַן: הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנָּטַף חָלָב מִדַּדֶּיהָ וְנָפַל לַאֲוִיר תַּנּוּר – תַּנּוּר טָמֵא. וְקַשְׁיָא לַן: בְּמַאי אִיתַּכְשַׁר? וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: בְּטִיפָּה מְלוּכְלֶכֶת עַל פִּי הַדַּד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But didn’t we learn** in a mishna (*Kelim* 8:11): In the case of a menstruating **woman who had milk dripping from her nipples, and it fell into the airspace of an oven, the oven** becomes **impure. And** this poses **a difficulty for us: In what** way was the milk **rendered susceptible** to impurity, such that it can become impure or render the oven impure? **And Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** It was rendered susceptible **by the drop** of milk **smeared on the nipple.** Apparently, Rabbi Yoḥanan maintains that a woman’s milk must be rendered susceptible in order to contract impurity.


###### Keritot 13a:22
[Keritot 13a:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/13a:22)

וְכִי תֵּימָא, רָבָא לָא סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, וְהָתַנְיָא: נִמְצֵאתָ אַתָּה אוֹמֵר, תִּשְׁעָה מַשְׁקִין בְּזוֹב: הַזֵּיעָה, וְלֵיחָה סְרוּחָה, וְרֶיעִי – טְהוֹרִין מִכְּלוּם. דִּמְעַת עֵינוֹ, וְדַם מַגֵּפָתוֹ,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you would say** that **Rava does not hold in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yoḥanan,** as one *amora* is permitted to disagree with another, **but isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: **You are found saying** that there are **nine liquids with regard to a *zav*: The sweat, ill-smelling pus, and** liquid **excrement** are more **pure than all of them,** i.e., they do not become impure and do not render other items susceptible to impurity. **The tears** that emerge from his **eye, and the blood** that emerges from his **wound,**