## Keritot Daf 23a

###### Keritot 23a:1
[Keritot 23a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:1)

אֵין שְׁנַיִם מְבִיאִין אָשָׁם אֶחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Two** people **do not bring one guilt offering,** as one may not sacrifice atonement offerings conditionally.


###### Keritot 23a:2
[Keritot 23a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:2)

חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת חוּלִּין, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן אָכַל – מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. אָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – מֵבִיא חַטָּאת. אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – זֶה מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי וְזֶה מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׁנֵיהֶם מְבִיאִין חַטָּאת אַחַת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אֵין שְׁנַיִם מְבִיאִין חַטָּאת אַחַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one had **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of non-sacred** meat, and **he ate one of them and does not know which of them he ate, he brings a provisional guilt offering,** as perhaps he ate the forbidden fat. If he then **ate the second** piece, **he brings a sin offering,** as it is certain that he ate the fat. If **one** person **ate the first** piece **and another** person **came and ate the second** piece, **this** person **brings a provisional guilt offering and that** person **brings a provisional guilt offering;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Shimon says: Both of them bring one sin offering** as partners, and they stipulate that the sin offering should be credited to the one who ate the fat. **Rabbi Yosei says: Two** people **do not bring one sin offering.**


###### Keritot 23a:3
[Keritot 23a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:3)

חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת קוֹדֶשׁ, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן אָכַל – מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. אָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם וַדַּאי. אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – זֶה מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי וְזֶה מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׁנֵיהֶן מְבִיאִין חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אֵין שְׁנַיִם מְבִיאִין חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם אֶחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one had **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of sacrificial** permitted fat and **he ate one of them and does not know which of them he ate, he brings a provisional guilt offering,** as perhaps he ate the forbidden fat. If he then **ate the second** piece, **he brings a sin offering,** as he certainly ate the fat, **and a definite guilt offering** for misuse of consecrated property. If **one** person **ate the first** piece **and another** person **came and ate the second** piece, **this** person **brings a provisional guilt offering and that** person **brings a provisional guilt offering. Rabbi Shimon says: Both of them bring a sin offering and a guilt offering** as partners, and they stipulate that each offering should be credited to the one who is liable to bring it. **Rabbi Yosei says: Two** people **do not bring one sin offering and** one **guilt offering.**


###### Keritot 23a:4
[Keritot 23a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:4)

חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב קוֹדֶשׁ, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזוֹ מֵהֶן אָכַל – מֵבִיא חַטָּאת, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: אַף אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. אָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – מֵבִיא שְׁנֵי חַטָּאוֹת וְאָשָׁם וַדַּאי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one had **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of sacrificial** forbidden **fat** and **he ate one of them and does not know which of them he ate, he brings a sin offering** as he certainly ate forbidden fat. **Rabbi Akiva says:** He **also** brings **a provisional guilt offering,** as perhaps he ate the sacrificial fat, in accordance with his opinion that one brings a provisional guilt offering even in the case of uncertainty with regard to misuse of consecrated property. If he then **ate the second** piece, **he brings two sin offerings,** as he ate two pieces of forbidden fat, **and a definite guilt offering** for misuse of consecrated property.


###### Keritot 23a:5
[Keritot 23a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:5)

אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – זֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְזֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: זֶה וָזֶה מְבִיאִין אָשָׁם תָּלוּי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: זֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְזֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת, וּשְׁנֵיהֶן מְבִיאִין אָשָׁם אֶחָד. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אֵין שְׁנֵיהֶן מְבִיאִין אָשָׁם אֶחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If **one** person **ate the first** piece **and another** person **came and ate the second** piece, **this** person **brings a sin offering and that** person **brings a sin offering. Rabbi Akiva says: This** person **and that** person each **bring a provisional guilt offering** as well, due to the uncertainty as to which of them ate the sacrificial fat. **Rabbi Shimon says: This** person **brings a sin offering and that** person **brings a sin offering and both of them bring one guilt offering** as partners, and they stipulate that the offering should be credited to the one who ate the sacrificial fat. **Rabbi Yosei says: The two of them do not bring one guilt offering.**


###### Keritot 23a:6
[Keritot 23a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:6)

חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב נוֹתָר, אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן אָכַל – מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם תָּלוּי. אָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – מֵבִיא שָׁלֹשׁ חַטָּאוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one had **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of** forbidden **fat** that is ***notar*,** an offering whose designated time has passed for which one is liable to receive *karet* if he ate it intentionally and liable to bring a sin offering if he ate it unwittingly, and **he ate one of them and does not know which of them he ate, he brings a sin offering,** as he certainly ate forbidden fat, **and a provisional guilt offering,** due to the possibility that he ate the *notar*. If he then **ate the second** piece, **he brings three sin offerings,** two for the forbidden fat and one for the prohibition against eating *notar*.


###### Keritot 23a:7
[Keritot 23a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:7)

אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וּבָא אַחֵר וְאָכַל אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה – זֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם תָּלוּי, וְזֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם תָּלוּי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: זֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת וְזֶה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת, וּשְׁנֵיהֶן מְבִיאִין חַטָּאת אַחַת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: כׇּל חַטָּאת שֶׁהִיא בָּאָה עַל חֵטְא – אֵין שְׁנַיִם מְבִיאִין אוֹתָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If **one** person **ate the first** piece **and another** person **came and ate the second** piece, **this** person **brings a sin offering and a provisional guilt offering,** as he certainly ate forbidden fat and it is uncertain whether he ate the *notar*, **and that** person **brings a sin offering and a provisional guilt offering. Rabbi Shimon says: This** person **brings a sin offering and that** person **brings a sin offering and both of them bring one** additional **sin offering** as partners, and they stipulate that the offering should be credited to the one who ate the *notar*. **Rabbi Yosei says: Two** people **do not bring any sin offering that comes** as atonement **for a sin.**


###### Keritot 23a:8
[Keritot 23a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:8)

**גְּמָ׳** אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַב נַחְמָן: לְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי, חַטָּאת הוּא דְּלָא מַיְיתוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן, הָא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי מַיְיתוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם? הַיְינוּ תַּנָּא קַמָּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The mishna teaches that in a case where there was a piece of forbidden fat and a piece of non-sacred meat and each piece was eaten by a different person, Rabbi Shimon maintains that both of them bring one sin offering by stipulating that the sin offering is credited to the one who ate the fat, whereas Rabbi Yosei says that two people do not bring one sin offering. **Rava said to Rav Naḥman: According to Rabbi Yosei, it is** apparently **a sin offering that they both do not bring,** whereas **they do both bring a provisional guilt offering.** If so, his opinion **is** the same as that of **the first *tanna*,** who explicitly stated that each of them brings a provisional guilt offering.


###### Keritot 23a:9
[Keritot 23a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:9)

וְכִי תֵימָא: חֲתִיכָה מִשְׁתֵּי חֲתִיכוֹת אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ, וְהָתַנְיָא: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: זֶה מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי וְזֶה מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן, דְּמַאן תַּנָּא קַמָּא – רַבִּי יוֹסֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you would say** that there is a difference **between** the opinions of Rabbi Yosei and the first *tanna* with regard to the requirement of **one piece from two pieces,** i.e., according to Rabbi Yosei only the first individual is liable to bring a provisional guilt offering, as he had two pieces before him, whereas the second is exempt, since there was only one piece before him when he ate it, this cannot be correct: **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yosei says: This** person **brings a provisional guilt offering and that** person **brings a provisional guilt offering.** Rav Naḥman **said to** Rava in response: **This** is what the mishna **teaches us, that who is the first *tanna*?** It is **Rabbi Yosei.**


###### Keritot 23a:10
[Keritot 23a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:10)

חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת קֹדֶשׁ, חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב קוֹדֶשׁ כּוּ׳ חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב נוֹתָר כּוּ׳. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַב נַחְמָן: וְלַיְתֵי נָמֵי אָשָׁם וַדַּאי, דְּנוֹתָר דְּקֹדֶשׁ הוּא! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דְּלֵית בֵּיהּ שָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna discusses the case of **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of sacrificial** permitted fat, the case of **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of sacrificial** forbidden **fat,** and the case of **a piece of** forbidden **fat and a piece of** forbidden **fat** that is ***notar*.** In the final case, if someone ate one of the pieces and then ate the second piece, he brings three sin offerings, two for the forbidden fat and one for the prohibition against eating *notar*. **Rava said to Rav Naḥman: And let him also bring a definite guilt offering** for misuse of consecrated property, **as *notar* is sacrificial** food. Rav Naḥman **said to** Rava: This is referring to a case **where** the piece **does not have the value of one *peruta*,** and one is not liable for misusing consecrated property of such little value.


###### Keritot 23a:11
[Keritot 23a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:11)

וְהָא מֵעִיקָּרָא דְּאִית בֵּיהּ שָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה עָסְקִינַן, דְּקָתָנֵי אָשָׁם וַדַּאי! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָהִיא חֲתִיכָה דְּלָא נוֹתָר הִיא שָׁוְיָא פְּרוּטָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava raised a difficulty to Rav Naḥman: **But at the outset** of the mishna **we are dealing with** a piece **that does have the value of one *peruta*, as** it **teaches** that if one ate both a piece of forbidden fat and a piece of sacrificial permitted fat, he brings **a definite guilt offering** for misuse of consecrated property. Rav Naḥman **said to** Rava: **That** clause of the mishna **is** referring to **a piece that is not *notar*,** and that piece is **worth one *peruta*.** The case of the piece of *notar* is different. Since it has been left over for a while, most people would not eat it, and it is no longer worth one *peruta*.


###### Keritot 23a:12
[Keritot 23a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:12)

וְהָא יֵשׁ אוֹכֵל אֲכִילָה אַחַת דְּקָתָנֵי בֵּיהּ נוֹתָר, וְקָתָנֵי: מֵבִיא אַרְבַּע חַטָּאוֹת וְאָשָׁם אֶחָד!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava raised another difficulty to Rav Naḥman: **But** the mishna (13b) states: **There is** a case where **one performs one** act of **eating** and is liable for having violated five transgressions, and that mishna **teaches** that the case is where a ritually impure person ate forbidden fat that was ***notar*** from sacrificial meat on Yom Kippur, **and it teaches** that he **brings four sin offerings and one guilt offering.** Since the guilt offering is for misusing consecrated property, the piece of meat, which is *notar*, is evidently worth at least one *peruta*.


###### Keritot 23a:13
[Keritot 23a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:13)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָהִיא – בְּגַסָּה, וְהַהִיא – בְּדַקָּה, וְלָא קַשְׁיָא: הָהִיא – בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים, הָכָא – בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman **said to** Rava: **That** mishna is referring **to** an act of **excessive** eating, i.e., to a large piece of meat that is *notar*, which is worth one *peruta*, **and this** mishna here is referring **to** an act of **light** eating, i.e., a small piece of meat that is *notar*, which is not worth one *peruta*, **and** therefore it is **not difficult.** Alternatively, **that** mishna is referring **to** *notar* **in the rainy season,** when the meat does not spoil so quickly and therefore it is still worth one *peruta*, and **this** mishna here is referring **to** *notar* **in the summer,** when it spoils quickly.


###### Keritot 23a:14
[Keritot 23a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:14)

אָכַל אֶחָד אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה כּוּ׳. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא לְרַב נַחְמָן: וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אִיסּוּר חָל אִיסּוּר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna further teaches with regard to the case of a piece of forbidden fat and a piece of forbidden fat that is *notar*, that if **one** person **ate the first** piece and another ate the second piece, Rabbi Shimon says: Each brings a sin offering for having eaten forbidden fat, and they bring an additional sin offering for the transgression of eating *notar*, with the stipulation that the offering is credited to the one who ate the *notar*. **Rava said to Rav Naḥman:** This indicates that the prohibition of *notar* takes effect despite the fact that the prohibition of forbidden fat already applied to this piece. **And did Rabbi Shimon say** that **a prohibition takes effect where** another **prohibition** already exists?


###### Keritot 23a:15
[Keritot 23a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:15)

וְהָא תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: הָאוֹכֵל נְבֵלָה בְּיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים – פָּטוּר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Shimon says: One who** unwittingly **eats** an unslaughtered **animal carcass on Yom Kippur is exempt** from bringing a sin offering for the sin of eating on Yom Kippur because the prohibition against eating on Yom Kippur does not take effect upon the meat of an animal carcass, which is already prohibited?


###### Keritot 23a:16
[Keritot 23a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:16)

אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִידִי: כְּגוֹן דַּאֲכַל כּוּלְיָא בְּחֶלְבָּהּ. וְכוּלְיָא בְּחֶלְבָּהּ נָמֵי, הָא קָאֵי עֲלַהּ בְּאִיסּוּר עוֹלִין, הֵיכִי אָתֵי אִיסּוּר נוֹתָר חָיֵיל עֲלַהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Sheshet, son of Rav Idi, said:** The mishna is referring to a case **where he ate a kidney with its** forbidden **fat.** Since the kidney is not forbidden fat, the prohibition against eating *notar* applies with regard to the kidney. The Gemara asks: **But even** with regard to **a kidney with its** forbidden **fat, the prohibition of** items that are supposed to **ascend** upon the altar **applies to it,** i.e., it is already forbidden for consumption because it is supposed to be burned on the altar. Consequently, **how does the prohibition of *notar* come** and **apply to it?**


###### Keritot 23a:17
[Keritot 23a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:17)

וְכִי תֵימָא: סְבִירָא לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דְּנוֹתָר אִיסּוּר חָמוּר הוּא, וְחָיֵיל עַל אִיסּוּר קַל דְּעוֹלִין, וְהָא נְבֵלָה, דְּאִיסּוּר קַל הוּא, וְיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים, דְּאִיסּוּר חָמוּר הוּא, וְלָא קָאָתֵי אִיסּוּר יוֹם כִּיפּוּרִים דְּחָמוּר וְחָיֵיל עַל נְבֵלָה דְּקַל הוּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you would say** that **Rabbi Shimon maintains that *notar* is a severe prohibition, and** therefore it **applies where** the relatively **lenient prohibition of** items that are supposed to **ascend** upon the altar has already taken effect, this cannot be correct. The Gemara explains: **But** the prohibition of eating **an animal carcass is a lenient prohibition,** as it is punishable merely by lashes, **and** eating on **Yom Kippur is a severe prohibition,** as its violation is punishable by *karet*; **and** yet according to Rabbi Shimon **the prohibition** against eating on **Yom Kippur, which is severe, does not come** and **apply where** the prohibition of **an animal carcass, which is lenient,** has already taken effect.


###### Keritot 23a:18
[Keritot 23a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Keritot/r/23a:18)

אֶלָּא: בְּקָדָשִׁים גַּלִּי רַחֲמָנָא דְּאָתֵי אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** one must say that specifically **with regard to sacrificial** food **the Merciful One revealed that a prohibition takes effect where** another **prohibition** already exists.