## Ketubot Daf 3b

###### Ketubot 3b:1
[Ketubot 3b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:1)

מַאי ״שָׁקְדוּ״? דְּתַנְיָא: מִפְּנֵי מָה אָמְרוּ בְּתוּלָה נִשֵּׂאת לַיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי? שֶׁאִם הָיָה לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים, הָיָה מַשְׁכִּים לְבֵית דִּין. וְתִנָּשֵׂא בְּאֶחָד בְּשַׁבָּת, וְאִם הָיָה לוֹ טַעֲנַת בְּתוּלִים הָיָה מַשְׁכִּים לְבֵית דִּין! שָׁקְדוּ חֲכָמִים עַל תַּקָּנַת בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁיְּהֵא אָדָם טוֹרֵחַ בַּסְּעוּדָה שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים: אֶחָד בַּשַּׁבָּת וְשֵׁנִי בְּשַׁבָּת וּשְׁלִישִׁי בַּשַּׁבָּת, וּבָרְבִיעִי כּוֹנְסָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is** the meaning of: The Sages **were assiduous?** It is **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Due to what** reason **did** the Sages in the mishna **say** that **a virgin is married on Wednesday?** It is so **that if** the husband **had a claim concerning** the bride’s **virginity, he would go early** the next day **to court** and make his claim. The *baraita* continues: **But** if that is the reason, **let her marry on Sunday, as** then too, **if** the husband **had a claim concerning** the bride’s **virginity, he would go early** the next day **to court** and make his claim. The Gemara answers: The Sages **were assiduous in seeing to the well-being of Jewish women** and preferred Wednesday, **so that** the husband **would exert** himself **in** arranging **the** wedding **feast for three days, Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, and on Wednesday, he marries her.**


###### Ketubot 3b:2
[Ketubot 3b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:2)

וּמִסַּכָּנָה וְאֵילָךְ נָהֲגוּ הָעָם לִכְנוֹס בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי, וְלֹא מִיחוּ בְּיָדָם חֲכָמִים. וּבַשֵּׁנִי לֹא יִכְנוֹס. וְאִם מֵחֲמַת הָאוֹנֶס — מוּתָּר. וּמַפְרִישִׁין אֶת הֶחָתָן מִן הַכַּלָּה לֵילֵי שַׁבָּת תְּחִלָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה חַבּוּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And from** the time of **danger and onward, the people adopted the custom to marry on Tuesday** as well, **and the Sages did not reprimand them. And on Monday one may not marry** even in time of danger. **However, if it is due to the coercion,** it is **permitted.** The *baraita* concludes: **One isolates the groom from the** virgin **bride,** so that he will not engage in intercourse with her for the **first** time **on Shabbat evening, because** by rupturing the hymen **he inflicts a wound,** which is a labor prohibited on Shabbat.


###### Ketubot 3b:3
[Ketubot 3b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:3)

מַאי סַכָּנָה? אִילֵּימָא דְּאָמְרִי בְּתוּלָה הַנִּשֵּׂאת לַיּוֹם הָרְבִיעִי תֵּיהָרֵג — נָהֲגוּ?! לִגְמָרֵי נִיעְקְרֵיהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates: **What is** the **danger** mentioned in the *baraita*? **If we say** it is referring to a situation where the government **said that a virgin who is married on Wednesday will be executed,** would the response be merely **that they adopted the custom** to marry on Tuesday? **Let them** totally **abolish** the ordinance to marry on Wednesday in the face of life-threatening danger.


###### Ketubot 3b:4
[Ketubot 3b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:4)

אָמַר רַבָּה, דְּאָמְרִי: בְּתוּלָה הַנִּשֵּׂאת בְּיוֹם הָרְבִיעִי תִּיבָּעֵל לַהֶגְמוֹן תְּחִלָּה. הַאי סַכָּנָה? אוֹנֶס הוּא! מִשּׁוּם דְּאִיכָּא צְנוּעוֹת דְּמָסְרָן נַפְשַׁיְיהוּ לִקְטָלָא, וְאָתְיָין לִידֵי סַכָּנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba said:** The *baraita* is referring to a period where the government **said that a virgin who is married on Wednesday will** submit to **intercourse with the prefect [*hegmon*] first.** The Gemara questions the formulation of the *baraita*: **Is that** characterized as **danger? It is coercion.** The Gemara answers: There is also danger involved, **as there are virtuous women who give their lives** rather than allow themselves to be violated, **and they will come to** mortal **danger.**


###### Ketubot 3b:5
[Ketubot 3b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:5)

וְלִידְרוֹשׁ לְהוּ דְּאוֹנֶס שְׁרֵי? אִיכָּא פְּרוּצוֹת, וְאִיכָּא נָמֵי כֹּהֲנוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** if so, **let** the Sages **instruct** these women **that** in cases of **coercion** it is **permitted** to submit to violation rather than sacrifice their lives, and they will not be forbidden to their husbands. The Gemara answers: The Sages cannot issue an instruction of that sort, because **there are licentious women** who would exploit the situation to engage in intercourse willingly, rendering them forbidden to their husbands. **And** furthermore, **there are also** women married to **priests,** who are rendered forbidden to their husbands even if they are raped.


###### Ketubot 3b:6
[Ketubot 3b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:6)

וְלִיעְקְרֵיהּ! שְׁמָדָא עֲבִידָא דְּבָטְלָא, וְתַקַּנְתָּא דְרַבָּנַן מִקַּמֵּי שְׁמָדָא לָא עָקְרִינַן. אִי הָכִי, בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי נָמֵי אָתֵי וּבָעֵיל! מִסְּפֵיקָא לָא עָקַר נַפְשֵׁיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let** the Sages completely **abolish** the ordinance to marry on Wednesday and establish marriage on a different day. The Gemara answers: **A decree of religious persecution [*shemada*] is likely to be abrogated, and we do not abolish a rabbinic ordinance in the face of a decree of religious persecution.** Rather, a lenient ruling is issued instructing them not to follow the ordinance, as long as the decree of persecution is in effect. The Gemara asks: **If so,** what is accomplished by moving the marriage to Tuesday? The prefect **will come on Tuesday too,** to violate them. The Gemara answers: The date of the marriage is not fixed, and **for** a situation of **uncertainty** the prefect will not **uproot himself** to violate the bride.


###### Ketubot 3b:7
[Ketubot 3b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:7)

וּבַשֵּׁנִי לֹא יִכְנוֹס, וְאִם מֵחֲמַת הָאוֹנֶס — מוּתָּר. מַאי אוֹנֶס? אִילֵּימָא הָא דַּאֲמַרַן, הָתָם קָרֵי לֵיהּ ״סַכָּנָה״, וְהָכָא קָא קָרֵי לֵיהּ ״אוֹנֶס״?! וְתוּ: הָתָם נָהֲגוּ, הָכָא מוּתָּר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And on Monday one may not marry** even in time of danger. **However, if it is due to the coercion, it is permitted.** The Gemara asks: **What is** the **coercion** mentioned in the *baraita*? **If we say it is referring to that which we mentioned** with regard to the decree of *prima nocta* it is difficult, as **there** the *tanna* **calls it danger, and here he calls it coercion. Furthermore, there** it says that they **adopted the custom** to marry on Tuesday; **here** it states that it is **permitted.**


###### Ketubot 3b:8
[Ketubot 3b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:8)

אָמַר רָבָא, דְּאָמְרִי: שַׂר צָבָא בָּא לָעִיר. הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִי דְּאָתֵי וְחָלֵיף — לִיעַכַּב! לָא צְרִיכָא, דְּאָתֵי וְקָבַע. בַּשְּׁלִישִׁי מִיהָא לִכְנוֹס? אִסְפַּרְווֹא דִידֵיהּ בִּשְׁלִישִׁי קָאָתוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said:** Coercion refers to a case **where they said: A general** and his army **are coming to the city** on Wednesday, and the concern is that the troops will appropriate the supplies for the feast. **What are the circumstances? If** it is a situation **where** the general **comes and passes** through, **let** them **postpone** the wedding until the following week. **Rather, it is necessary** to teach the *halakha* with regard to the general only in a case **where he comes and establishes** himself there. The Gemara asks: **In any case, let one marry on Tuesday.** Why does the *baraita* permit marrying on Monday? The Gemara answers: It was necessary to move the wedding to Monday because **his entourage [*asperava*] arrives on Tuesday.**


###### Ketubot 3b:9
[Ketubot 3b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Ketubot/r/3b:9)

וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: מַאי ״מֵחֲמַת הָאוֹנֶס״ — כִּדְתַנְיָא: הֲרֵי שֶׁהָיָה פִּתּוֹ אָפוּי, וְטִבְחוֹ טָבוּחַ, וְיֵינוֹ מָזוּג, וּמֵת אָבִיו שֶׁל חָתָן אוֹ אִמָּהּ שֶׁל כַּלָּה — מַכְנִיסִין אֶת הַמֵּת לַחֶדֶר, וְאֶת הֶחָתָן וְאֶת הַכַּלָּה לַחוּפָּה,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you wish, say** instead: **What is** the meaning of: **Due to the coercion?** It is **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **If one’s bread was baked, and his animal slaughtered, and his wine diluted,** and all preparations for the wedding feast were complete, **and the father of the groom or the mother of the bride died** before the wedding, then before burying the deceased, which would trigger the onset of mourning, **one moves the corpse into a room, and the bride and groom** are ushered **to the wedding canopy** and they are married.