## Kiddushin Daf 49b

###### Kiddushin 49b:1
[Kiddushin 49b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:1)

מַאי תּוֹרָה – מִדְרַשׁ תּוֹרָה. וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי דַּאֲמַר לַהּ: ״תָּנֵינָא״, אֲבָל אֲמַר לַהּ: ״תַּנָּא אֲנָא״, עַד דְּתָנֵי הִילְכְתָא, סִפְרָא, וְסִיפְרֵי, וְתוֹסֶפְתָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What** is the meaning of: **Torah,** that Rabbi Yoḥanan said? It is **homiletic** interpretation **of the Torah. And this statement applies** only **if he said to her: I study [*taneina*]. But** if **he says to her: I am a *tanna* [*tanna ana*],** she is not betrothed **unless he studies *halakha*,** i.e., Mishna, ***Sifra* and *Sifrei*, and *Tosefta*.**


###### Kiddushin 49b:2
[Kiddushin 49b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:2)

״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי תַּלְמִיד״ – אֵין אוֹמְרִים כְּשִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן עַזַּאי וּכְשִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן זוֹמָא, אֶלָּא, כֹּל שֶׁשּׁוֹאֲלִין אוֹתוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם דָּבָר אֶחָד בְּתַלְמוּדוֹ וְאוֹמְרוֹ, וַאֲפִילּוּ בְּמַסֶּכְתָּא דְכַלָּה. ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי חָכָם״ – אֵין אוֹמְרִים כְּחַכְמֵי יַבְנֶה, כְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וַחֲבֵירָיו, אֶלָּא, כֹּל שֶׁשּׁוֹאֲלִים אוֹתוֹ דְּבַר חׇכְמָה בְּכׇל מָקוֹם וְאוֹמְרָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If a man says to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am a student** of Torah, **one does not say** that he must be a student who is scholarly **like Shimon ben Azzai or like Shimon ben Zoma,** who were called students despite their great knowledge, as they were never ordained. **Rather,** it means **anyone who,** when **he is asked one matter in any topic of his studies,** responds appropriately **and can say** what he has learned, **and** this suffices **even** if his statement was **in** the **tractate of *Kalla*.** Similarly, if a man says to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am a scholar, one does not say** that he must be **like the scholars of Yavne, like Rabbi Akiva and his colleagues. Rather,** it is referring to **anyone who,** when **he is asked** about **a matter of wisdom on any topic** related to the Torah, responds appropriately **and can say** what he has learned.


###### Kiddushin 49b:3
[Kiddushin 49b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:3)

״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי גִּבּוֹר״ – אֵין אוֹמְרִים כְּאַבְנֵר בֶּן נֵר וּכְיוֹאָב בֶּן צְרוּיָה, אֶלָּא כֹּל שֶׁחֲבֵירָיו מִתְיָרְאִים מִמֶּנּוּ מִפְּנֵי גְבוּרָתוֹ. ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי עָשִׁיר״ – אֵין אוֹמְרִים כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן חַרְסוֹם וּכְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, אֶלָּא כֹּל שֶׁבְּנֵי עִירוֹ מְכַבְּדִים אוֹתוֹ מִפְּנֵי עוֹשְׁרוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If a man says to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am strong, one does not say** that he must be as strong **as Abner ben Ner,** King Saul’s cousin and general, **or** as strong **as Joab ben Zeruiah,** King David’s nephew and general. **Rather,** it means **anyone of whom others are afraid due to his strength.** If a man says to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am wealthy, one does not say** he must be as wealthy **as Rabbi Elazar ben Ḥarsom or** as wealthy **as Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, but** rather it can refer to **anyone who is honored by the members of his town due to his wealth.**


###### Kiddushin 49b:4
[Kiddushin 49b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:4)

״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי צַדִּיק״ – אֲפִילּוּ רָשָׁע גָּמוּר – מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת, שֶׁמָּא הִרְהֵר תְּשׁוּבָה בְּדַעְתּוֹ. ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי רָשָׁע״ – אֲפִילּוּ צַדִּיק גָּמוּר – מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת, שֶׁמָּא הִרְהֵר דְּבַר עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּדַעְתּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one says to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am** a **righteous man,** then **even if** he was **a completely wicked man she is betrothed,** as **perhaps** in the meantime **he had thoughts of repentance in his mind** and is now righteous. Similarly, if one says to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am a wicked man,** then **even** if he was **a completely righteous man she is betrothed,** as **perhaps he had thoughts of idol worship in his mind,** a serious sin that would earn him the label of wicked.


###### Kiddushin 49b:5
[Kiddushin 49b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:5)

עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים חׇכְמָה יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶחָד כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים יוֹפִי יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה יְרוּשָׁלַיִם וְאֶחָד כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים עֲשִׁירוּת יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה רוֹמִי וְאֶחָד כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים עֲנִיּוּת יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה בָּבֶל וְאֶחָד כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים גַּסּוּת יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה עֵילָם וְאֶחָד כׇּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ Apropos the discussion with regard to various attributes, the Gemara cites a related statement: **Ten *kav*** of **wisdom descended to the world; Eretz Yisrael took nine** of them **and all** the rest of **the world** took **one. Ten *kav*** of **beauty descended to the world; Jerusalem took nine and all** the rest of **the world in its entirety** took **one. Ten *kav*** of **wealth descended to the world; Rome took nine and all** the rest of **the world in its entirety** took **one. Ten *kav*** of **poverty descended to the world; Babylonia took nine and all** the rest of **the world in its entirety** took **one. Ten *kav*** of **arrogance descended to the world; Eilam took nine and all** the rest of **the world in its entirety** took **one.**


###### Kiddushin 49b:6
[Kiddushin 49b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:6)

וְגַסּוּת לְבָבֶל לָא נְחִית? וְהָכְתִיב: ״וָאֶשָּׂא עֵינַי וָאֵרֶא וְהִנֵּה שְׁתַּיִם נָשִׁים יוֹצְאוֹת וְרוּחַ בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם וְלָהֵנָּה כְנָפַיִם כְּכַנְפֵי הַחֲסִידָה וְתִשְׁנֶה אֶת הָאֵיפָה בֵּין הָאָרֶץ וּבֵין הַשָּׁמָיִם. וָאֹמַר אֶל הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי אָנָה הֵמָּה מוֹלִכוֹת אֶת הָאֵיפָה. וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי לִבְנוֹת לָהֿ בַיִת בְּאֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָר״. וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: זוֹ חֲנוּפָּה וְגַסּוּת הָרוּחַ שֶׁיָּרְדוּ לְבָבֶל!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But did arrogance not descend to Babylonia? But isn’t it written: “Then I lifted my eyes and saw, and behold there came forth two women, and the wind was in their wings, for they had wings like the wings of a stork. And they lifted up the measure between the earth and the heaven. Then I said to the angel that spoke with me: ‘To where do they take the measure?’ And he said to me: ‘To build her a house in the land of Shinar’”** (Zechariah 5:9–11). **And Rabbi Yoḥanan says: This** refers to **flattery and arrogance that descended to Babylonia,** i.e., Shinar. This indicates that arrogance reached Babylonia as well.


###### Kiddushin 49b:7
[Kiddushin 49b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:7)

אִין, לְהָכָא נְחִית, וְאִשְׁתַּרְבּוֹבֵי הוּא דְּאִשְׁתַּרְבּוּב לְהָתָם. דַּיְקָא נָמֵי דְּקָתָנֵי: ״לִבְנוֹת לָהּ בַּיִת״, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Yes, it descended to here,** to Babylonia, **and it made its way to there,** to Eilam. The language of the verse **is also precise, as it teaches: “To build her a house,”** which indicates that the original intention was to build a house in Babylonia, but it was not built there. The Gemara comments: **Conclude from it** that arrogance did not remain in Babylonia.


###### Kiddushin 49b:8
[Kiddushin 49b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:8)

אִינִי?! וְהָאָמַר מָר: סִימָן לְגַסּוּת – עֲנִיּוּת, וַעֲנִיּוּת בְּבָבֶל הוּא דְּאִיכָּא! מַאי עֲנִיּוּת – עֲנִיּוּת דְּתוֹרָה. דִּכְתִיב: ״אָחוֹת לָנוּ קְטַנָּה וְשָׁדַיִם אֵין לָהּ״, וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: זוֹ עֵילָם, שֶׁזָּכְתָה לִלְמוֹד, וְלֹא זָכְתָה לְלַמֵּד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara further asks: **Is that so? But didn’t the Master say: A sign of arrogance** is **poverty, and there is poverty in Babylonia,** and not in Eilam. The Gemara answers: To **what** kind of **poverty** is this referring? It is **poverty with regard to Torah,** which was characteristic of Eilam. **As it is written: “We have a little sister, and she has no breasts”** (Song of Songs 8:8), **and Rabbi Yoḥanan said: This** refers to **Eilam, whose** inhabitants **merited to learn but did not merit to teach.** They did not produce Torah scholars capable of imparting their wisdom to others.


###### Kiddushin 49b:9
[Kiddushin 49b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:9)

עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים גְּבוּרָה יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלוּ פָּרְסִיִּים וְכוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים כִּנִּים יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה מָדַי כּוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים כְּשָׁפִים יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה מִצְרַיִם כּוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים נְגָעִים יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלוּ חֲזִירִים כּוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים זְנוּת יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה עַרְבִיָּא כּוּ׳.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara returns to its list of endowments of various groups: **Ten *kav*** of **strength descended to the world; the Persians took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **lice descended to the world; Media took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **witchcraft descended to the world; Egypt took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **plagues descended to the world; pigs,** which carry disease, **took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **licentiousness descended to the world; Arabia took nine** and the rest of the world took one.


###### Kiddushin 49b:10
[Kiddushin 49b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:10)

עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים עַזּוּת יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלָה מֵישָׁן כּוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים שִׂיחָה יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלוּ נָשִׁים כּוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים שִׁכְרוּת יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלוּ כּוּשִׁים כּוּ׳. עֲשָׂרָה קַבִּים שֵׁינָה יָרְדוּ לָעוֹלָם, תִּשְׁעָה נָטְלוּ עֲבָדִים וְאֶחָד נָטְלוּ כָּל הָעוֹלָם כּוּלּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ten *kav*** of **brazenness descended to the world; Meishan,** near Babylonia, **took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **conversation descended to the world; women took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **drunkenness descended to the world; the Kushites took nine** and the rest of the world took one. **Ten *kav*** of **sleep descended to the world; slaves took nine and all** the rest of **the world in its entirety took one.**


###### Kiddushin 49b:11
[Kiddushin 49b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:11)

**מַתְנִי׳** ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֲנִי כֹּהֵן״ וְנִמְצָא לֵוִי, ״לֵוִי״ וְנִמְצָא כֹּהֵן, ״נָתִין״ וְנִמְצָא מַמְזֵר. ״מַמְזֵר״ וְנִמְצָא נָתִין, ״בֶּן עִיר״ וְנִמְצָא בֶּן כְּרַךְ, ״בֶּן כְּרַךְ״ וְנִמְצָא בֶּן עִיר. ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁבֵּיתִי קָרוֹב לַמֶּרְחָץ״ וְנִמְצָא רָחוֹק, ״רָחוֹק״ וְנִמְצָא קָרוֹב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** If one said to a woman: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that I am a priest, and he was found** to be **a Levite;** or if he said: **A Levite, and he was found** to be **a priest;** or if he said: Be betrothed to me on the condition that I am **a Gibeonite,** a people prohibited by rabbinic law from marrying into the congregation, i.e., from marrying a Jew of fit lineage, **and he was found** to be **a *mamzer*,** who is prohibited by Torah law to marry into the congregation; or he said: **A *mamzer*, and he was found** to be **a Gibeonite;** or if he said: Be betrothed to me on the condition that I am **a resident of** a small **town, and he was found** to be **a resident of** a large **city;** or he said: **A resident of a city, and he was found** to be **a resident of a town;** or if he said: Be betrothed to me **on the condition that my house is close to the bathhouse, and it was found** to be **far;** or he said: **Far** from the bathhouse, **and it was found** to be **close,** she is not betrothed.


###### Kiddushin 49b:12
[Kiddushin 49b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:12)

״עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בַּת אוֹ שִׁפְחָה מְגוּדֶּלֶת״ וְאֵין לוֹ, אוֹ ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין לוֹ״ וְיֵשׁ לוֹ. ״עַל מְנָת שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בָּנִים״ וְיֵשׁ לוֹ, אוֹ עַל מְנָת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ וְאֵין לוֹ. וּבְכוּלָּם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמְרָה: ״בְּלִבִּי הָיָה לְהִתְקַדֵּשׁ לוֹ״ – אַף עַל פִּי כֵן אֵינָהּ מְקוּדֶּשֶׁת. וְכֵן הִיא שֶׁהִטְעַתּוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Or if he said that she is betrothed to him **on the condition that he has a grown daughter or a maidservant, and he does not have** one, **or on the condition that he does not have** one **and he has** one; or **on the condition that he has no sons, and he has** sons, **or on the condition that he has** sons **and he does not have** sons, then she is not betrothed. **And in all these** cases, **despite** the fact **that she** later **stated: I intended to become betrothed to him nevertheless,** whether or not he fulfilled the condition, **she is not betrothed. And similarly,** if it was **she who misled him** by making the betrothal conditional upon a statement of hers that turned out to be incorrect, the betrothal will not take effect.


###### Kiddushin 49b:13
[Kiddushin 49b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/49b:13)

**גְּמָ׳** הָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּזַבֵּין לְנִכְסֵיהּ אַדַּעְתָּא לְמִיסַּק לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּבְעִידָּנָא דְּזַבֵּין לָא אֲמַר וְלָא מִידֵּי. אָמַר רָבָא: הָוֵי דְּבָרִים שֶׁבַּלֵּב, וּדְבָרִים שֶׁבַּלֵּב אֵינָם דְּבָרִים. מְנָא לֵיהּ לְרָבָא הָא? אִילֵּימָא מֵהָא דִּתְנַן:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara relates: There was **a certain man who sold his property with the intention of ascending to Eretz Yisrael, but at the time that he sold** the property **he did not say anything** with regard to his intention. Ultimately, he did not ascend to Eretz Yisrael, and he wished to renege on the sale. **Rava said:** Since he did not explicitly state that he was selling his property on the condition that he ascend to Eretz Yisrael, **that is** an unspoken **matter that** remained **in the heart, and** unspoken **matters that** remain **in the heart are not** significant **matters.** The Gemara asks: **From where does Rava** learn **this** principle? **If we say** it is **from that which we learn** in a *baraita*: