## Kiddushin Daf 76a

###### Kiddushin 76a:1
[Kiddushin 76a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:1)

וּפוֹטְרִים אֶת הַנְּשׂוּאוֹת. מַאי דָּרְשִׁי? ״לֹא תִהְיֶה אֵשֶׁת הַמֵּת הַחוּצָה לְאִישׁ זָר״ – הָךְ דְּיָתְבָה חוּצָה, הִיא לֹא תִהְיֶה לְאִישׁ זָר, אֲבָל הָךְ דְּלָא יָתְבָה חוּצָה – תִּהְיֶה לְאִישׁ זָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**and** they would **exempt married women** from *ḥalitza* and levirate marriage. The Gemara elaborates: In **what** way would they **expound** the verse to lead them to this conclusion? The verse states: **“The wife of the dead man shall not be married outside of the family to one not of his kin;** her brother-in-law will have intercourse with her and take her to him to be his wife, and consummate the levirate marriage” (Deuteronomy 25:5). They understood the word “outside” to be a description of the woman: **She who sits outside,** i.e., one who is only betrothed; **she shall not be married to one not of his kin,** and it is with her that the obligation of levirate marriage applies. **But she who is not sitting outside,** but who has already married, **shall marry one not of his kin.** Consequently, the concern with regard to the Samaritans is that their descendants include the children of a widow who unlawfully wed one who was not her brother-in-law.


###### Kiddushin 76a:2
[Kiddushin 76a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:2)

וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא לְטַעְמֵיהּ דְּאָמַר: יֵשׁ מַמְזֵר מֵחַיָּיבֵי לָאוִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
After having explained which prohibition the Samaritans violated, the Gemara explains how this accounts for the prohibition with regard to marriage with Samaritans. **And Rabbi Akiva** conforms **to his** standard line of **reasoning, as he says:** The offspring of intercourse **for which** one **is liable** for violating **a prohibition is a *mamzer*.** Therefore, the descendants of a *yevama* who had transgressed the prohibition of: “The wife of the deceased shall not be married outside of the family to one not of his kin,” have the status of *mamzerim*.


###### Kiddushin 76a:3
[Kiddushin 76a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:3)

וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בְּקִיאִין בְּדִקְדּוּקֵי מִצְוֹת. מַאן יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים? אָמַר רַב אִידִי בַּר אָבִין: רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר הִיא. דְּתַנְיָא: מַצַּת כּוּתִי מוּתֶּרֶת וְאָדָם יוֹצֵא בָּהּ יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בַּפֶּסַח, וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בְּקִיאִים בְּדִקְדּוּקֵי מִצְוֹת. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: כׇּל מִצְוָה שֶׁהֶחֱזִיקוּ בָּהּ כּוּתִים – הַרְבֵּה מְדַקְדְּקִים בָּהּ, יוֹתֵר מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And some say** a third opinion as to why the Sages disqualified Samaritans for marriage: It is **because they are not well versed in the details of mitzvot.** The Gemara asks: **Who** is the one indicated by the phrase: **Some say? Rav Idi bar Avin said: It is** the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer. As it is taught** in a *baraita* (*Tosefta*, *Pesaḥim* 2:2): **The *matza* of a Samaritan is permitted** to be eaten on Passover and is not considered to be leavened bread, **and a person can fulfill his obligation** to eat *matza* on the first night **of Passover with it; but Rabbi Eliezer prohibits** it, **since** Samaritans **are not well versed in the details of mitzvot,** and there is concern that their *matza* might be leavened. **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says** that this is not a concern, as with regard to **any mitzva that Samaritans embraced** and accepted, **they are more exacting in its** observance **than** are **Jews.**


###### Kiddushin 76a:4
[Kiddushin 76a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:4)

וְאֶלָּא הָכִי, מַאי אֵין בְּקִיאִין? לְפִי שֶׁאֵין בְּקִיאִין בְּתוֹרַת קִידּוּשִׁין וְגֵירוּשִׁין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But here,** with regard to marriage, in **what** details are **they not well versed?** The Gemara answers: It is **because they are not well versed with regard to the laws of betrothal and divorce.** Consequently, it is possible that their bills of divorce were invalid, or that a betrothed woman was allowed to remarry without having received a bill of divorce, which would mean that her future children would be *mamzerim*.


###### Kiddushin 76a:5
[Kiddushin 76a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:5)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: מַמְזֵר מֵאֲחוֹתוֹ וּמַמְזֵר מֵאֵשֶׁת אָח נִתְעָרְבוּ בָּהֶן. מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן, יֵשׁ מַמְזֵר מֵחַיָּיבֵי כָרֵיתוֹת? נִיתְנֵי חֲדָא! מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה כָּךְ הָיָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman says** that **Rabba bar Avuh says:** Samaritans are of flawed lineage because **a *mamzer*** resulting **from** intercourse between a man and **his sister and a *mamzer*** resulting **from** intercourse between a man and his **brother’s wife were assimilated among them,** and they therefore all have the status of *mamzerim* due to the uncertainty as to the identity of those assimilated *mamzerim*. The Gemara asks: **What is he teaching us** by providing the details of how they are *mamzerim* due to uncertainty? If he intended to incidentally teach us the *halakha* that the offspring from intercourse **for which** one **is liable to receive *karet* is a *mamzer*, let him teach one** example, by mentioning the example of a *mamzer* from a sister. The Gemara answers: He did not mention these details to teach us a *halakha*, but rather **the incident that took place, took place in this way,** and that is why the Samaritans were considered to be of flawed lineage.


###### Kiddushin 76a:6
[Kiddushin 76a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:6)

וְרָבָא אָמַר: עֶבֶד וְשִׁפְחָה נִתְעָרְבוּ בָּהֶן. אִיסּוּרָא מִשּׁוּם מַאי, מִשּׁוּם שִׁפְחָה? נִיתְנֵי חֲדָא! מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה כָּךְ הָיָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rava says:** A Canaanite **slave and** a Canaanite **maidservant were assimilated among them.** The Gemara asks: In these cases, **the prohibition** is **due to what?** It is **due to** a Canaanite **maidservant,** whose children are slaves. But if so, **let him teach one** example; why also mention a Canaanite slave, whose child resulting from intercourse with a Jewish woman is of unflawed lineage? The Gemara again answers: **The incident that took place, took place in this way.**


###### Kiddushin 76a:7
[Kiddushin 76a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:7)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַנּוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה כֹּהֶנֶת – צָרִיךְ לִבְדּוֹק אַחֲרֶיהָ אַרְבַּע אִמָּהוֹת שֶׁהֵן שְׁמֹנֶה: אִמָּהּ, וְאֵם אִמָּהּ, וְאֵם אֲבִי אִמָּהּ, וְאִמָּהּ, וְאֵם אָבִיהָ וְאִמָּהּ, וְאֵם אֲבִי אָבִיהָ וְאִמָּהּ. לְוִיָּה וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִית מוֹסִיפִין עֲלֵיהֶן עוֹד אַחַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** A priest **who marries a woman** who is **the daughter of a priest must investigate with regard to her** background, i.e., he must check previous generations of her family tree from both the maternal and paternal sides, for **four mothers, which are eight.** How so? He investigates the lineage of **her mother, and the mother of her mother, and the mother of her mother’s father, and her mother,** i.e., the mother of her mother’s fathers’ mother. **And** he also investigates the lineage of **the mother of her father, and her mother,** i.e., the mother of her father’s mother, **and the mother of her father’s father, and her mother** i.e., the mother of her father’s father’s mother. If he seeks to marry **a Levite** woman **or an Israelite** woman, **he adds to these** an investigation of mothers of **one additional** generation.


###### Kiddushin 76a:8
[Kiddushin 76a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:8)

אֵין בּוֹדְקִין לֹא מִן הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וּלְמַעְלָה, וְלֹא מִן הַדּוּכָן וּלְמַעְלָה, וְלֹא מִן הַסַּנְהֶדְרִין וּלְמַעְלָה. וְכֹל שֶׁהוּחְזְקוּ אֲבוֹתָיו מִשּׁוֹטְרֵי הָרַבִּים וְגַבָּאֵי צְדָקָה – מַשִּׂיאִין לַכְּהוּנָּה וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לִבְדּוֹק אַחֲרֵיהֶן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to these investigations, **one need not investigate from the altar and above.** If his ancestors included a priest who served at the altar, one checks no further, as the court would have investigated his lineage before allowing him to participate in the Temple service. **Nor** do they check **from the platform,** used by Levites for singing in the Temple, **and above, nor from the Sanhedrin and above,** since only one whose lineage has been examined and who was found to be fit can be appointed to the Sanhedrin. **And** similarly, **anyone whose ancestors held public posts, and** anyone whose ancestors were **charity collectors, may marry into the priesthood, and there is no need to investigate their** lineage, since no one of flawed lineage would be appointed to those positions.


###### Kiddushin 76a:9
[Kiddushin 76a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:9)

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אַף מִי שֶׁהָיָה חָתוּם עֵד בְּעַרְכֵי הַיְּשָׁנָה שֶׁל צִיפּוֹרִי. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן אַנְטִיגְנוֹס אוֹמֵר: אַף מִי שֶׁהָיָה מוּכְתָּב בְּאִסְטְרַטְיָא שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yosei says: Even** the descendants of **one who had signed** as **a witness in the old court [*ba’arki*] of Tzippori** do not need to have their lineage investigated. **Rabbi Ḥanina ben Antigonus says: Even** the descendants of **one who was written** in **the army list [*be’isteratya*] of the** Jewish **king** do not need to have their lineage investigated.


###### Kiddushin 76a:10
[Kiddushin 76a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:10)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי שְׁנָא בִּנְשֵׁי בָּדְקִינַן וּמַאי שְׁנָא בְּגַבְרֵי דְּלָא בָּדְקִינַן? נְשֵׁי דְּכִי מִינְּצוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – בַּעֲרָיוֹת הוּא דְּמִינְּצוּ, וְאִם אִיתָא דְּאִיכָּא מִילְּתָא – לָא אִית לַיהּ קָלָא, גַּבְרֵי דְּכִי מִינְּצוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – בְּיוּחֲסִין הוּא דְּמִינְּצֵי, אִם אִיתָא דְּאִיכָּא מִילְּתָא – אִית לַיהּ קָלָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **What is different about women** that **we investigate** their lineage, **and what is different about men** that **we do not investigate** their lineage? Why shouldn’t we also examine the lineage of a bride’s male ancestors for any possible flaw, as we do her female ancestors? The Gemara answers: **When women quarrel with each other, it is through** accusations of engaging in **forbidden sexual intercourse,** i.e., licentiousness, **that they quarrel. And if it is so that there is a matter** of a flaw with regard to the lineage of the woman in question, **it** would **not** generate **publicity.** By contrast, **when men quarrel with each other, it is through** accusations of flawed **lineage that they quarrel.** Therefore, **if it is so that there is a matter** of a flaw with regard to her father’s lineage, **it** would generate **publicity,** even if no investigation is conducted.


###### Kiddushin 76a:11
[Kiddushin 76a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:11)

וְאִיהִי נָמֵי תִּבְדּוֹק בֵּיהּ בְּדִידֵיהּ? מְסַיַּיע לֵיהּ לְרַב, דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: לֹא הוּזְהֲרוּ כְּשֵׁרוֹת לִינָּשֵׂא לִפְסוּלִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara inquires: **But she should also investigate his** lineage; why is only the lineage of the woman investigated? The Gemara comments: This **supports Rav, as Rav Yehuda says** that **Rav says:** It was **not prohibited** for **women** of **unflawed** lineage, i.e., daughters of priests, **to marry** men of **flawed** lineage, such as *ḥalalim*, converts, or emancipated slaves. Therefore, women are not required to investigate the lineage of potential husbands.


###### Kiddushin 76a:12
[Kiddushin 76a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Kiddushin/r/76a:12)

רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה תָּנֵי: אַרְבַּע אִמָּהוֹת שֶׁהֵם שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה. בְּמַתְנִיתָא תָּנָא: אַרְבַּע אִמָּהוֹת שֶׁהֵם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה. בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה –

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Adda bar Ahava taught** that one needs to investigate **four mothers who are twelve,** adding an additional two generations of mothers of each of the woman’s parents. **It was taught in a *baraita*: Four mothers who are sixteen.** The Gemara asks: **Granted, according to Rav Adda bar Ahava,**