## Leviticus Chapter 11

###### Leviticus 11:1
[Leviticus 11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:1)

וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹ֥ר אֲלֵהֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
And Adonoy spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying to them:

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the Lord spoke to Moshe and to Aharon, saying to them,

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the L-rd spoke to Moses and to Aaron [(Moses to tell Aaron)] to say to them [(Aaron to tell Elazar and Ithamar)]:


###### Leviticus 11:2
[Leviticus 11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:2)

דַּבְּר֛וּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֤את הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכְל֔וּ מִכׇּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Speak to Bnei Yisroel, saying: these are the living things that you may eat from among all the animals that are on the earth.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Speak to the children of Yisra᾽el, saying, These are the beasts which you shall eat among all the beasts that are on the earth.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Speak to the children of Israel, saying [(All of the above were made equal in this embassy for having remained silent and accepted G-d's decree (the death of Nadav and Avihu) with love)]: This [(Moses took hold of the animal and showed it to Israel)] is the animal (chayyah) [(connoting "chayyim" (life) — Because Israel cleaves to the L-rd and merits (eternal) life, it is (to that end) separated from what is unclean and given mitzvoth)] that you may eat, of every beast that is on the earth [("beast" is in the class of "animal")]:


###### Leviticus 11:3
[Leviticus 11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:3)

כֹּ֣ל**׀** מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
All that have a cloven hoof, and they [the hooves] are [completely] split and that [also] chews its cud among animals, you may eat it.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Whatever parts the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and chews the cud, among the beasts, that shall you eat.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Whatever has parted hooves, and whose hooves are wholly cloven, and which chews its cud [lit., "which brings up its cud" (to chew again)] in the beast [(including an embryo found in the mother)] it shall you eat [(a positive commandment added to the negative (below) to make for "double" transgression in the instance of non-observance)]


###### Leviticus 11:4
[Leviticus 11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:4)

אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָ֠ל כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֨ה גֵרָ֜ה ה֗וּא וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
However, these in particular you may not eat of those that chew their cud and that have cloven hooves: the camel, for he chews his cud but does not have a split hoof it is unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Nevertheless these shall you not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: the camel, because he chews the cud, but does not part the hoof: he is unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Only this shall you not eat of those that chew the cud and of those whose hooves are parted: the camel, because it chews the cud and its hoof is not parted, it is unclean to you.


###### Leviticus 11:5
[Leviticus 11:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:5)

וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֤ה גֵרָה֙ ה֔וּא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The rabbit, for it chews its cud but does not have a cloven hoof it is unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the coney, because he chews the cud, but does not part the hoof; he is unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the coney, because it chews the cud but has not parted hooves, it is unclean to you.


###### Leviticus 11:6
[Leviticus 11:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:6)

וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת כִּֽי־מַעֲלַ֤ת גֵּרָה֙ הִ֔וא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִ֖וא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The hare, for it chews its cud but it does not have a cloven hoof it is unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the hare, because he chews the cud, but does not part the hoof; he is unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the hare, because it chews the cud but has not parted hooves, it is unclean to you.


###### Leviticus 11:7
[Leviticus 11:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:7)

וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִ֠יר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The pig, for though it has cloven hooves, and its hooves are [completely] split—it does not chew its cud—it is unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he chews not the cud; he is unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the swine, because its hooves are parted and it is cloven-footed, but it does not chew the cud, it is unclean to you.


###### Leviticus 11:8
[Leviticus 11:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:8)

מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
You shall not eat of their flesh and you may not touch their carcasses; they are unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Of their flesh shall you not eat, and their carcass shall you not touch; they are unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Of their flesh you shall not eat [(The exhortation applies to flesh, but not to bones, sinews, horns, or hooves)], and their carcass you shall not touch [on a festival]; they are unclean to you [(Do not make yourself unclean through them and (thus) disqualify yourself from appearing in the Temple on the festival)].


###### Leviticus 11:9
[Leviticus 11:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:9)

אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
These you may eat, of all things that are in water; all that have fins and scales in the waters, in oceans and in rivers; you may eat them.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
These shall you eat of all that are in the waters: whatever has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall you eat.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
This may you eat of all that is in the waters: All that have fins and scales in the water, in the seas and in the rivers — those may you eat.


###### Leviticus 11:10
[Leviticus 11:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:10)

וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
All that do not have fins and scales [that are] in the oceans and rivers; of any creature that creeps in the water and of any living creature that is in the water; they are repulsive to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they are abominable to you:

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And all that do not have fins and scales in the seas and in the rivers, of every sheretz of the waters [(sheretz) a low creature that creeps and moves along the ground], and of every living creature that is in the waters — they are detestable to you.


###### Leviticus 11:11
[Leviticus 11:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:11)

וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ יִהְי֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָ֖ם תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
They shall be repulsive to you, you shall not eat of their flesh and their carcasses shall be repulsive by you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
and they shall be abominable to you; you shall not eat of their flesh, but their carcasses you shall abominate.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And detestable shall they be to you [(This is to include mixtures where their taste is discernible)]. Of their flesh you shall not eat [(The exhortation does not apply to fins and bones)], and their carcass shall you hold in detestation [(to include midges filtered from their native element)].


###### Leviticus 11:12
[Leviticus 11:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:12)

כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Anything which does not have fins and scales in the water, is repulsive to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Whatever has no fins or scales in the waters, that shall be an abomination to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Whatever has no fins and scales in the water [(but not something that "sheds" them in being removed from the water)] is detestable to you.


###### Leviticus 11:13
[Leviticus 11:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:13)

וְאֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעׇזְנִיָּֽה׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
These you shall consider repulsive from among the fowl; they may not be eaten; they are repulsive: the eagle, the white-tailed eagle and the bearded vulture.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And these are they which you shall have in abomination among the birds; they shall not be eaten, they are abominable: the eagle, and the bearded vulture and the black vulture.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And these shall you hold in detestation of the fowl. They shall not be eaten [(One may not feed them to minors)]; they are detestable: the great vulture, and the bearded vulture, and the osprey.


###### Leviticus 11:14
[Leviticus 11:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:14)

וְאֶ֨ת־הַדָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The falcon and the vulture, to its kind.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the kite, and the buzzard after its kind;

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the kite and the falcon after its kind. ["after its kind" denotes a class which, though containing some members which may differ in name or appearance, is, notwithstanding, one species.)]


###### Leviticus 11:15
[Leviticus 11:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:15)

אֵ֥ת כׇּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Every raven, to its kind.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
every raven after its kind;

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Every raven after its kind.


###### Leviticus 11:16
[Leviticus 11:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:16)

וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The ostrich, the owl, the seagull and the sparrow hawk, to its kind.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
and the owl, and the kestrel, and the gull, and the sparrow hawk after its kind.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kind.


###### Leviticus 11:17
[Leviticus 11:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:17)

וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The little owl, the cormorant and the eagle owl.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the little owl, and the fish fowl, and the great owl,

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl.


###### Leviticus 11:18
[Leviticus 11:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:18)

וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The horned owl, the pelican and the carrion vulture.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
and the barn owl, and the jackdaw, and the gier eagle.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the horned owl, and the pelican, and the carrion-vulture.


###### Leviticus 11:19
[Leviticus 11:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:19)

וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְאֶת־הָעֲטַלֵּֽף׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The stork and the heron, to its kind. The hoopoe and the bat.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the hoopoe, and the bat.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the [white] stork, and the heron after its kind, and the lapwing and the bat.


###### Leviticus 11:20
[Leviticus 11:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:20)

כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
All winged insects that walk on four [legs] are repulsive to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
All swarming things that fly, going upon four, shall be an abomination to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
All creeping things that fly, which walk on four [such as flies, hornets, gnats, and locusts,] are detestable to you.


###### Leviticus 11:21
[Leviticus 11:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:21)

אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר־[ל֤וֹ] (לא) כְרָעַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֣עַל לְרַגְלָ֔יו לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
However, these you may eat of all the flying insects that walk on four [legs], those which have knees extending above their legs so that it hops on the ground with them.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Yet these may you eat of every flying creeping thing that goes upon four, which have legs above their feet, to leap with upon the earth;

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Only this may you eat of all creeping things that fly, which walk on four — that which has kera'aim [foot-like projections] above its feet [near its neck] with which to spring from the earth.


###### Leviticus 11:22
[Leviticus 11:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:22)

אֶת־אֵ֤לֶּה מֵהֶם֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אֶת־הָֽאַרְבֶּ֣ה לְמִינ֔וֹ וְאֶת־הַסׇּלְעָ֖ם לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְאֶת־הֶחָגָ֖ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Of them, these you may eat; the locust, to its kind the *solom*-locust, to its kind, the grasshopper, to its kind and the *chogov*-hopper, to its kind.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
these of them you may eat; the locust after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind, and the ĥargol after its kind, and the ĥagav after its kind.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
These of them you may eat: the arbeh after its kind, and the salam after its kind, and the chargol after its kind, and the chagav after its kind.


###### Leviticus 11:23
[Leviticus 11:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:23)

וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
All flying insects that have four feet are repulsive to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
But all other flying creeping things, which have four feet, shall be an abomination to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And every creeping thing that flies, which has four legs, it is detestable to you [(but if it has five, it is clean)].


###### Leviticus 11:24
[Leviticus 11:24](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:24)

וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ כׇּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
As for these, [animals], you can be made unclean; all those who touch their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And for these you shall be unclean: whoever touches the carcass of them shall be unclean until evening.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And by [touching] these [that follow] you shall become unclean; all who touch their carcass will be unclean until evening.


###### Leviticus 11:25
[Leviticus 11:25](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:25)

וְכׇל־הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Anyone who carries of their carcasses; shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And whoever bears aught of the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And everyone that carries of their carcass shall wash his clothing, and he shall be unclean until the evening. [(Carrying-uncleanliness is more stringent than touching-uncleanliness in that it requires washing of clothing.)]


###### Leviticus 11:26
[Leviticus 11:26](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:26)

לְֽכׇל־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִוא֩ מַפְרֶ֨סֶת פַּרְסָ֜ה וְשֶׁ֣סַע**׀** אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כׇּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Thus every animal that has cloven hooves but its hooves are not [completely] split and it does not bring up its cud, they are unclean to you; all who touch them shall become unclean.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
The carcasses of every beast which parts the hoof, and is not clovenfooted, nor chews the cud, are unclean to you: everyone that touches them shall be unclean.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
By [touching (24)] every beast whose hoof is parted but is not cloven-footed, [like the camel, whose hoof is parted above but joined below] or does not chew the cud. They are unclean to you; everyone who touches them (i.e. their carcass) shall be unclean.


###### Leviticus 11:27
[Leviticus 11:27](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:27)

וְכֹ֣ל**׀** הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכׇל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כׇּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
All [animals] that walk on their paws among all the living creatures that walk on four legs, they are unclean to you. All who touch their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And whatever goes upon its paws, among all manner of beasts that go on all four, those are unclean to you: whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until evening.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And all that walk upon their soles [e.g., dog, bear, cat], among all animals which walk on four, they are unclean to you. All who touch their carcass will be unclean until the evening.


###### Leviticus 11:28
[Leviticus 11:28](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:28)

וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה לָכֶֽם׃{ס}

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Whoever carries their carcasses shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And he that bears the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening: they are unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And he that carries their carcass shall wash his clothes, and he shall be unclean until the evening; they are unclean to you.


###### Leviticus 11:29
[Leviticus 11:29](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:29)

וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הַחֹ֥לֶד וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
These [also] are unclean to you among all creeping creatures that crawl on the ground; the weasel, the mouse and the toad, to its kind.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
These also shall be unclean to you among the creeping things that creep upon the earth; the rat, and the mouse, and the tortoise after its kind.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And this to you is what is unclean [i.e., which renders you unclean by touching them (vis-à-vis the eating of terumah and kodshim and entering the sanctuary)] among the creeping things that creep upon the earth: the weasel, and the mouse, and the great lizard after its kind.


###### Leviticus 11:30
[Leviticus 11:30](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:30)

וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
The hedgehog, the chameleon, the lizard, the slug and the mole.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And the gecko, and the monitor, and the lizard, and the skink, and the chameleon.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the sand-lizard, and the chameleon.


###### Leviticus 11:31
[Leviticus 11:31](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:31)

אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בְּכׇל־הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ כׇּל־הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
These are unclean to you among all the creeping creatures. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
These are unclean to you among all that creep: whoever touches them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until evening.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
These are what are unclean to you among all that creep. Everyone who touches them in their death will be unclean until the evening.


###### Leviticus 11:32
[Leviticus 11:32](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:32)

וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם׀בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכׇּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק כׇּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Everything, wherever a part of them may fall when they are dead, shall become unclean, such as a wooden vessel, or a garment, or a hide or a sack. Every vessel with which work is done, shall be brought [put] into water, and remains unclean until the evening, [then] it becomes clean.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And whatever any of them falls upon, when they are dead, shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or sack, whatever vessel it be, in which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until evening, then it shall be clean.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And all (vessels) upon which there falls of them in their death shall be unclean: of all vessels of wood, or garment, or skin, or sack. Any vessel with which work is done shall be put into water, and it shall be unclean [even after immersion] until the evening [for purposes of terumah], and then, [with the setting of the sun] it shall be clean.


###### Leviticus 11:33
[Leviticus 11:33](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:33)

וְכׇ֨ל־כְּלִי־חֶ֔רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֥ל מֵהֶ֖ם אֶל־תּוֹכ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹכ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א וְאֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Every earthen vessel into which a part of them may fall, everything that is within it becomes unclean, and you shall break it.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And every earthen vessel, into which any of them fall, whatever is in it shall be unclean; and you shall break it.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And every earthen vessel where there shall fall of them into its midst [(an earthen vessel becomes unclean only through its interior)], whatever is in its midst shall [in turn] become unclean, and it shall you break [(It cannot be rendered clean in a mikveh.)]


###### Leviticus 11:34
[Leviticus 11:34](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:34)

מִכׇּל־הָאֹ֜כֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָב֥וֹא עָלָ֛יו מַ֖יִם יִטְמָ֑א וְכׇל־מַשְׁקֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה בְּכׇל־כְּלִ֖י יִטְמָֽא׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Of all foods that are eaten upon which water comes, shall be unclean. Every beverage that is drunk, in any vessel, shall be impure.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Of all food which may be eaten, that on which water comes shall be unclean: and all drink that may be drunk in every vessel shall be unclean.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
["whatever is in its midst shall be unclean"] of all the food [(but not vessels) that is in it] which may be eaten [in one swallow (the size of an egg)], upon which water [and all drink] comes [(after the fruit has been picked)]; and all drink that may be drunk in every (such) vessel shall be unclean.


###### Leviticus 11:35
[Leviticus 11:35](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:35)

וְ֠כֹ֠ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֨ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם׀עָלָיו֮ יִטְמָא֒ תַּנּ֧וּר וְכִירַ֛יִם יֻתָּ֖ץ טְמֵאִ֣ים הֵ֑ם וּטְמֵאִ֖ים יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Everything upon which any part of their carcasses fall, shall be unclean [even] an oven and a hearth shall be shattered, they are unclean and they shall be unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And everything upon which any part of their carcass falls shall be unclean; whether it be oven, or ranges, they shall be broken down: for they are unclean, and shall be unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And all that there shall fall of their carcass upon it shall be unclean; whether oven or stove [(hollow, movable earthenware vessels with the opening on top)], it shall be torn down [(ritual immersion not availing for earthenware)]; they are unclean. And they shall be unclean to you [("to you":) If one wishes to preserve them in their state of uncleanliness he may do so.)]


###### Leviticus 11:36
[Leviticus 11:36](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:36)

אַ֣ךְ מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר מִקְוֵה־מַ֖יִם יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר וְנֹגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
However, a well-spring and a pit, a gathering of water, shall be pure. [But] that which touches their carcasses shall be unclean.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Nevertheless a fountain or pit, wherein there is a collection of water, shall be clean: but that which touches their carcass shall be unclean.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Only a spring or a pit where waters are gathered shall be clean [i.e., they are not susceptible to uncleanliness (or: he who immerses in them "shall be clean")]. But he who touches their carcass (the carcass of the animals mentioned above) shall be unclean, [even if he does so while immersed in the spring or the mikveh].


###### Leviticus 11:37
[Leviticus 11:37](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:37)

וְכִ֤י יִפֹּל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔ם עַל־כׇּל־זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִזָּרֵ֑עַ טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
If any part of their carcasses falls on any sowing seed that will be planted, it remains [ritually] clean.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And if any part of their carcass fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it shall be clean.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And if there fall of their carcass on any variety of seed which is to be sown, it is clean [(Scripture apprises us (see 38) that it is not considered food susceptible of uncleanliness until water comes upon it)].


###### Leviticus 11:38
[Leviticus 11:38](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:38)

וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־מַ֙יִם֙ עַל־זֶ֔רַע וְנָפַ֥ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃{ס}

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
If water was once placed on seeds and part of their carcasses fall upon them, they are unclean to you.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
But if any water be put upon the seed, and any part of their carcass fall on it, it shall be unclean to you.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And if water [or other liquids] be placed upon a(n) [uprooted] seed [or it fall into water], and aught of their carcass fall on it [(even after the water has dried)], it is unclean to you.


###### Leviticus 11:39
[Leviticus 11:39](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:39)

וְכִ֤י יָמוּת֙ מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם לְאׇכְלָ֑ה הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
If any animal dies [of those] that are permitted to eat whoever touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And if any beast, of which you may eat, die; he that touches its carcass shall be unclean until evening.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And if there die of the beast which is yours to eat, he that touches its carcass [(but not its bones, sinews, horns, hooves, or skin)] shall be unclean until the evening.


###### Leviticus 11:40
[Leviticus 11:40](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:40)

וְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Whoever eats of its carcass shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening. Whoever carries its carcass shall wash his garments and is unclean until the evening.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And he that eats of the carcass of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening: he also that bears the carcass of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until evening.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And he who eats of its carcass [i.e., one who carries or touches the amount of carcass to which the term "eating" can be applied (i.e., an olive-size)] shall wash his clothes and he shall be unclean until the evening. And he who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes and he shall be unclean until the evening.


###### Leviticus 11:41
[Leviticus 11:41](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:41)

וְכׇל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Every creeping creature which crawls on the ground is repulsive, it may not be eaten.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
And every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth shall be held abominable; it shall not be eaten.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth is detestable [(to exclude the insects in peas and beans, which do not creep upon the earth but within the food (Once they come out, however, and creep upon the earth, they are forbidden)]; it shall not be eaten [The feeder incurs punishment as the eater does.]


###### Leviticus 11:42
[Leviticus 11:42](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:42)

כֹּל֩ הוֹלֵ֨ךְ עַל־גָּח֜וֹן וְכֹ֣ל**׀** הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֗ע עַ֚ד כׇּל־מַרְבֵּ֣ה רַגְלַ֔יִם לְכׇל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּם כִּי־שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Whatever crawls on its belly and whatever goes on four [legs] or whatever has many feet; regarding all creeping creatures that crawl on the ground; you may not eat them, for they are repulsive.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes upon four, or whatever has many feet among all creeping things that creep on the earth, them you shall not eat; for they are an abomination.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
All [(including worms and the like)] that go upon the belly [i.e., snakes] and all that go upon four [i.e., scorpions], until all [including beetles and the like] that are many-footed [i.e., centipedes], of all creeping things that creep upon the earth, you shall not eat them, for they are detestable.


###### Leviticus 11:43
[Leviticus 11:43](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:43)

אַל־תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכׇל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץ וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם בָּֽם׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
Do not make yourselves repulsive by [eating] any creeping creature that crawls, and do not make yourselves unclean with them, for you will become unclean because of them.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
You shall not make yourselves abominable with any creeping thing that creeps, neither shall you make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be defiled by them.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Do not make your souls detestable by [eating] every creeping thing that creeps, and do not make yourselves unclean by [eating] them, that you be rendered unclean by them. [(If you make yourselves unclean by them on earth, I shall render you unclean for the world to come and for the heavenly tribunal.)]


###### Leviticus 11:44
[Leviticus 11:44](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:44)

כִּ֣י אֲנִ֣י יְהֹוָה֮ אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם֙ וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָ֑נִי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכׇל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
For I am Adonoy, your God; you shall sanctify yourselves and you shall become holy, for I am Holy and you shall not make yourselves unclean with any creeping creature that crawls on the ground.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
For I am the Lord your God: you shall therefore sanctify yourselves, and you shall be holy; for I am holy: neither shall you defile yourselves with any manner of creeping thing that creeps on the earth.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
[Just as I am holy,] for I am the L-rd your G-d, make yourselves holy, and you will be holy, [for I will sanctify you above and in the world to come.] For I am holy, and do not make your souls unclean, [transgressing many negative commandments, each punishable by stripes (e.g., "If one ate a putitha (a kind of reptile) he receives stripes four times, etc.")] with every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.


###### Leviticus 11:45
[Leviticus 11:45](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:45)

כִּ֣י**׀** אֲנִ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה הַֽמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָֽנִי׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
For I am Adonoy, who brings you up from the land of Egypt to be your God. You shall be holy, for I am Holy.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
For I am the Lord that brings you up out of the land of Miżrayim, to be your God: you shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
For I am the L-rd, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt [so that you accept My mitzvoth], to be a G-d to you. And you shall be holy, for I am holy.


###### Leviticus 11:46
[Leviticus 11:46](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:46)

זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֤ת הַבְּהֵמָה֙ וְהָע֔וֹף וְכֹל֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה הָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם וּלְכׇל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ הַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
This is the law concerning the animals and the fowl and of all living creatures that swarm in the waters and for all creatures that crawl on the earth.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
This is the Tora of the beasts, and of the birds, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth:

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
This is the law of the beast and the bird and of every living creature that swarms in the water and of every creature that creeps on the earth.


###### Leviticus 11:47
[Leviticus 11:47](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Leviticus/r/11:47)

לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֣ין הַטָּהֹ֑ר וּבֵ֤ין הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת וּבֵין֙ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל׃{פ}

**Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009:**
To distinguish between the unclean and between the clean, and between the living creatures which may be eaten and between the living creature which may not be eaten.

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.

**The Rashi chumash by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
To distinguish [(It is not enough to "learn" about them; you must have perfect "recognition" of them.)] between the unclean [i.e., what is "unclean" to you (e.g., cutting half the windpipe)] and the clean [i.e., what is "clean" to you (e.g., cutting most of the windpipe)], and between the animal [(with certain treifah signs)] which may be eaten, and the animal [(with other treifah signs)] which may not be eaten.