## Malbim Ayelet HaShachar Klal 85

###### Malbim Ayelet HaShachar 85:1
[Malbim Ayelet HaShachar 85:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Malbim%20Ayelet%20HaShachar/r/85:1)

יש הבדל בין המספר הסידורי [**ששי רביעי חמישי**] ובין המספר החלקי [**שלישית רביעית חמישית**]. שבמספר הסידורי יהיה הנמנה חוץ להמנוי הקודם לו, ובמספר החלקי הוא תמיד מלגאו. אמנם זה דווקא בששובר את המספר השלם, אבל אם אומר "ויסף חמישיתו עליו" – אז החלק החמישי הוא תוספת חוץ מהשלם והוא מלבר. (ויקרא ס' שנד)

**Ayelet Hashachar, translated by Betzalel Avraham Feinstein, 2021:**
There is a difference between ordinal numbers [**ששי רביעי חמישי**](sixth, fourth, fifth) and fractional numbers [**שלישית רביעית חמישית**] (one-third, one-fourth, one-fifth): Ordinal numbers will be counted *from outside* of that which comes before it, while a fractional number will always be *from within*. Indeed, this is precisely the breaking of a whole number, but if it says ויסף חמישיתו עליו (and shall add the fifth part thereto)¹⁶² – then the fifth part is added to the whole and it is *from without*.

*The words מלגאו (from within) and מלבר (from without) are used here in a way that apparently has no counterpart in English.*

*If one counts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the number 5 is considered to be “from outside of 4”. And if one computes one third of 12, one gets 4, which is considered to be “from within 12”.*

*And when Leviticus 5:16 says, ואת אשר חטא מן הקדש ישלם ואת חמישתו יוסף עליו ונתן אתו לכהן והכהן יכפר עליו באיל האשם ונסלח לו (And he shall make restitution for that which he hath done amiss in the holy thing, and shall add the fifth part thereto, and give it unto the priest; and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt-offering, and he shall be forgiven), it means that if the principal is 100 zuz, then he must add 25 extra zuz to this, since 25 is one-fifth of 125 and 125 zuz minus 25 zuz equals 100 zuz. In this case, it is considered to be “from without”. “From within” would mean to add 20 extra zuz to the principal of 100 zuz, since one-fifth of 100 is 20.*

footnotes:
¹⁶² Leviticus 5:16.