## Menachot Daf 70b

###### Menachot 70b:1
[Menachot 70b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:1)

גּוּלְבָּא, שִׁיפוֹן – דִּישְׁרָא, שִׁיבּוֹלֶת שׁוּעָל – שֻׁבְלֵי תַּעֲלָא. הָנֵי – אִין, אוֹרֶז וְדוֹחַן – לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
***gulva*, rye** is ***dishra*,** and **oats** are ***shibbolei ta’ala*.** The Gemara infers: With regard to **these** species, **yes,** the obligation of *ḥalla* applies to them, but concerning **rice and millet, no,** the obligation of *ḥalla* does not apply to them.


###### Menachot 70b:2
[Menachot 70b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:2)

מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: אָתְיָא ״לֶחֶם״ ״לֶחֶם״ מִמַּצָּה. כְּתִיב הָכָא: ״וְהָיָה בַּאֲכׇלְכֶם מִלֶּחֶם הָאָרֶץ״, וּכְתִיב הָתָם: ״לֶחֶם עֹנִי״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **From where is this matter,** that only these five grains are obligated in the separations of *ḥalla*, derived? **Reish Lakish said:** This principle is **derived** by means of a verbal analogy between **“bread”** and **“bread” from** the case of ***matza*. It is written here,** with regard to *ḥalla*: **“And it shall be that when you eat of the bread of the land,** you shall set apart a portion for a gift to the Lord” (Numbers 15:19), **and it is written there,** with regard to *matza*: **“Bread of affliction”** (Deuteronomy 16:3). Just as *matza* can be prepared only from one of those five grains, so too the obligation of *ḥalla* applies only to bread from one of those five grains.


###### Menachot 70b:3
[Menachot 70b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:3)

וְהָתָם גּוּפַהּ מְנָלַן? אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ, וְכֵן תָּנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, וְכֵן תָּנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב: אָמַר קְרָא ״לֹא תֹאכַל עָלָיו חָמֵץ שִׁבְעַת יָמִים תֹּאכַל עָלָיו מַצּוֹת לֶחֶם עֹנִי״ – דְּבָרִים הַבָּאִים לִידֵי חִימּוּץ אָדָם יוֹצֵא בָּהֶן יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בַּפֶּסַח, יָצְאוּ אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵין בָּאִין לִידֵי חִימּוּץ אֶלָּא לִידֵי סֵירָחוֹן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And there,** with regard to *matza* itself, **from where do we** derive that it must be from one of those five grains? The Gemara answers: **Reish Lakish said, and likewise** a Sage **of the school of Rabbi Yishmael taught, and likewise** a Sage **of the school of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov taught,** that **the verse states: “You shall eat no leavened bread with it; seven days you shall eat with it *matza*, the bread of affliction”** (Deuteronomy 16:3). This verse indicates that only with regard to **substances that will come to** a state of **leavening** does **a person fulfill his obligation** to eat *matza* **by** eating **them on Passover,** provided that he prevents them from becoming leavened. This serves to **exclude these** foods, i.e., rice, millet, and similar grains, **which,** even if flour is prepared from them and water is added to their flour, **do not come to** a state of **leavening but to** a state of **decay [*sirḥon*].**


###### Menachot 70b:4
[Menachot 70b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:4)

וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה. תָּנָא: הַתְּבוּאָה וְהַקְּמָחִים וְהַבְּצֵיקוֹת מִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה. לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches that each one of the five types of grain **joins together with the others** to constitute the measure that obligates one to separate *ḥalla*. It was **taught** in a *baraita*: With regard to grain from **produce and flours and pieces of dough,** each one of these **joins together with the others.** The Gemara asks: **With regard to what *halakha*** was this taught?


###### Menachot 70b:5
[Menachot 70b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:5)

אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: לְעִנְיַן חָדָשׁ. רַב יוֹסֵף אָמַר: לְעִנְיַן חָמֵץ בַּפֶּסַח. רַב פָּפָּא אָמַר: לְעִנְיַן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, דְּאִי אָכֵיל לֵיהּ חוּץ לַחוֹמָה – לָקֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Kahana says:** It was taught **with regard to** the prohibition of eating of **the new** crop prior to the sacrifice of the *omer* offering on the sixteenth of Nisan. If one ate grain, flour, and dough of the new crop that combined to equal the size of an olive-bulk, he is liable to receive lashes for transgressing a prohibition. **Rav Yosef says:** It was taught **with regard to** the prohibition of eating **leavened bread on Passover. Rav Pappa says:** It was taught **with regard to** the prohibition of eating **second tithe** outside the walls of Jerusalem. **As, if** one **ate** a combined olive-bulk’s worth of grain, flour and dough of the second tithe **outside the wall** of Jerusalem, he **is flogged.**


###### Menachot 70b:6
[Menachot 70b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:6)

רָבָא אָמַר: לְעִנְיַן טוּמְאַת אֳכָלִין, וְהָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן: דִּתְבוּאָה וּקְמָחִין דּוּמְיָא דִּבְצֵקוֹת – מָה הָתָם אוּכְלָא בְּעֵינֵיהּ, אַף הָכָא נָמֵי אוּכְלָא בְּעֵינֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava says:** The *baraita* is referring **to the matter of** the **ritual impurity of food; and this** is what **it teaches us: That** grains of barley **produce and flours** are **similar to pieces of dough. Just as there,** concerning pieces of dough, they combine to form the minimal measure of ritually impure food only if the combination of **food** is **as is,** without other additives, **so too here also,** concerning grain and flour, they combine to form the minimal measure of ritually impure food only when the mixture is **food as is,** without any shell or other additives.


###### Menachot 70b:7
[Menachot 70b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:7)

וְהָתַנְיָא: חִטָּה, בֵּין קְלוּפָה בֵּין שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְלוּפָה – מִצְטָרֶפֶת; שְׂעוֹרָה, קְלוּפָה – מִצְטָרֶפֶת, שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְלוּפָה – אֵין מִצְטָרֶפֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites support for this opinion, as **it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Wheat, whether shelled or unshelled, combines** to form the minimal measure of food that is susceptible to ritual impurity. But as for **barley,** it **combines** only when it is **shelled. When** it is **not shelled,** it **does not combine** together, as the inedible shell interposes between the different grains. This supports Rava’s interpretation of the *baraita*, that it addresses barley in the form of grain, flour, and dough.


###### Menachot 70b:8
[Menachot 70b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:8)

אִינִי? וְהָא תָּנָא דְּבֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: ״עַל כׇּל זֶרַע זֵרוּעַ אֲשֶׁר יִזָּרֵעַ״ – כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם מוֹצִיאִין לִזְרִיעָה: חִטָּה בִּקְלִיפָּתָהּ, וּשְׂעוֹרָה בִּקְלִיפָּתָהּ, וַעֲדָשִׁים בִּקְלִיפָּתָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Is that so,** that the shell of barley is not considered part of the grain with regard to combining for ritual impurity? **But didn’t the school of Rabbi Yishmael teach** in a *baraita*: Before a food item comes in contact with liquid it is not susceptible to ritual impurity, as the verse states: “And if anything falls from their carcasses **upon any sowing seed that is sown,** it is pure. But if water be put upon the seed, and any of the carcass fall thereon, it is impure unto you” (Leviticus 11:37–38). The *baraita* teaches that the term “that is sown” indicates that the entire seed is susceptible to ritual impurity when it is in a state where it is **typical for people to take it out** to the field **for sowing.** This applies to **wheat in its shell, barley in its shell, and lentils in their shells.** This demonstrates that shells are considered part of the grain with regard to ritual impurity.


###### Menachot 70b:9
[Menachot 70b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:9)

לָא קַשְׁיָא, הָא בְּלַחוֹת, הָא בִּיבֵשׁוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: It is **not difficult.** The ruling of **this** *baraita*, which teaches that the shells of kernels are considered part of it with regard to ritual impurity, is stated **with regard to moist** kernels, whereas the ruling of **that** *baraita*, which teaches that the shells are not part of the seed, is stated **with regard to dry** kernels, in which the shells crumble and fall away.


###### Menachot 70b:10
[Menachot 70b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:10)

וַאֲסוּרִין בֶּחָדָשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח, מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: אָתְיָא ״לֶחֶם״ ״לֶחֶם״ מִמַּצָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches with regard to the five grains: **And they are forbidden** due to the prohibition of partaking **of** the **new** crop **prior to the Passover** festival. The Gemara asks: **From where is this matter** derived? **Reish Lakish said:** It is **derived** by means of a verbal analogy between **“bread”** written in connection with the prohibition of the new crop (see Leviticus 23:14), and **“bread”** written **with regard to *matza*** (see Deuteronomy 16:3). Just as *matza* can be prepared only from one of the five grains, so too the prohibition against eating of the new crop applies only to the five grains.


###### Menachot 70b:11
[Menachot 70b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:11)

וְלִקְצוֹר לִפְנֵי הָעוֹמֶר, מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אָתְיָא ״רֵאשִׁית״ ״רֵאשִׁית״ מֵחַלָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna further teaches with regard to the five grains: **And** it is prohibited **to reap** them **prior to the *omer*** offering. The Gemara asks: **From where are these matters** derived? **Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** It is **derived** by means of a verbal analogy between **“the first”** written in conjunction with the new crop: “You shall bring the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest” (Leviticus 23:10), **and “the first”** written **with regard to *ḥalla*:** “Of the first of your dough you shall set apart a cake for a gift” (Numbers 15:20). Just as the obligation to separate *ḥalla* applies only to bread prepared from the five grains, so too the prohibition against reaping the new crop prior to the *omer* offering applies only to crops of the five grains.


###### Menachot 70b:12
[Menachot 70b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:12)

מַאי קוֹדֶם לָעוֹמֶר? רַבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר: קוֹדֶם קְצִירַת הָעוֹמֶר, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר זַבְדָּא אָמַר: קוֹדֶם הֲבָאַת הָעוֹמֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What** does the mishna mean when it says: **Prior to the *omer*?** Does it mean prior to the reaping of the *omer* grain or prior to the sacrifice of the *omer* offering? **Rabbi Yona says:** It means **prior to the reaping of the *omer*** grain, i.e., the new crop is permitted at daybreak on the sixteenth of Nisan. **Rabbi Yosei bar Zavda says: Prior to the bringing of the *omer*** offering later that day.


###### Menachot 70b:13
[Menachot 70b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:13)

תְּנַן: אֲסוּרִין בֶּחָדָשׁ לִפְנֵי פֶסַח, וְלִקְצוֹר לִפְנֵי הָעוֹמֶר. בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר קוֹדֶם הֲבָאַת הָעוֹמֶר – הַיְינוּ דְּלָא קָא עָרֵיב לְהוּ וְתָנֵי לְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites a proof from that which **we learned** in the mishna: **And they are forbidden** due to the prohibition of partaking **of** the **new** crop **prior to the Passover** Festival, **and** likewise it is prohibited **to reap** them **prior to** the sacrifice of **the *omer*** offering. **Granted, according to the one who said** that the prohibition applies **prior to the bringing of the *omer*** offering, **this is** the reason **that** the mishna **did not combine** the clauses together **and teach them** as one, since the time frame for each prohibition is different. The prohibition of harvesting the new crop is lifted at daybreak after the *omer* crop was harvested at night, whereas the prohibition against consuming the new crop ends only with the sacrifice of the *omer* offering later that day.


###### Menachot 70b:14
[Menachot 70b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:14)

אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר קוֹדֶם קְצִירַת הָעוֹמֶר, לִיעָרְבִינְהוּ וְלִיתְנִינְהוּ: אֲסוּרִין בֶּחָדָשׁ וְלִקְצוֹר לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But according to the one who said** that the prohibition applies **prior to the reaping of the *omer*** grain, then both the consuming and the harvesting of the new crop are permitted at daybreak of the sixteenth of Nisan. If so, **let** the mishna **combine them and teach them** together, as follows: **And they are forbidden** due to the prohibition of partaking **of** the **new** crop, **and** likewise it is prohibited **to reap** them **prior to the Passover** Festival.


###### Menachot 70b:15
[Menachot 70b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:15)

אֶלָּא, אִי אִיתְּמַר – אַסֵּיפָא אִיתְּמַר: אִם הִשְׁרִישׁוּ קוֹדֶם לָעוֹמֶר – הָעוֹמֶר מַתִּירָן. מַאי קוֹדֶם לָעוֹמֶר? רַבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר: קוֹדֶם הֲבָאַת הָעוֹמֶר, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר זַבְדָּא אוֹמֵר: קוֹדֶם קְצִירַת הָעוֹמֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Rather, if** a dispute **was stated** in this matter, **it was stated with regard to the latter clause** of the mishna, which teaches: **If** these grains **took root prior to the *omer*** offering, **the *omer* permits their** consumption. **What** does the mishna mean when it says: **Prior to the *omer*? Rabbi Yona says: Prior to the bringing of the *omer*** sacrifice. **Rabbi Yosei bar Zavda says: Prior to the harvesting of the *omer*** grain.


###### Menachot 70b:16
[Menachot 70b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/70b:16)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Elazar said to**