## Menachot Daf 84a

###### Menachot 84a:1
[Menachot 84a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:1)

אֲבָל בָּאָרֶץ לָא פְּלִיגִי, דְּעוֹמֶר וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם מֵאָרֶץ – אִין, מֵחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ – לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But with regard to** the requirement to use grain grown in **Eretz** Yisrael, **they do not disagree that** if **the *omer* and the two loaves** come **from Eretz** Yisrael, **indeed,** they are valid, but if they come **from outside of Eretz** Yisrael, they are **not** valid.


###### Menachot 84a:2
[Menachot 84a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:2)

כְּמַאן? דְּלָא כִּי הַאי תַּנָּא, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: עוֹמֶר בָּא מֵחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וּמָה אֲנִי מְקַיֵּים ״כִּי תָבֹאוּ אֶל הָאָרֶץ״? שֶׁלֹּא נִתְחַיְּיבוּ בָּעוֹמֶר קוֹדֶם שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לָאָרֶץ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**In accordance with whose** opinion is this? **It is not in accordance with** the opinion of **this** following ***tanna*, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says** that **the *omer*** may **come from outside of Eretz** Yisrael. **How do I realize** the meaning of the verse that introduces the obligation to bring the *omer*: **“When you come into the land** which I give to you” (Leviticus 23:10)? This verse appears to indicate that the bringing of the *omer* is restricted to Eretz Yisrael. That verse teaches **that** the Jewish people **were not obligated in** the mitzva of bringing **the *omer* before they entered Eretz** Yisrael.


###### Menachot 84a:3
[Menachot 84a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:3)

וְקָסָבַר חָדָשׁ בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הִיא, דִּכְתִיב ״מִמּוֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם״, כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאַתֶּם יוֹשְׁבִין מַשְׁמַע, וְכִי ״תָבֹאוּ״ זְמַן בִּיאָה הִיא, וְכֵיוָן דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הִיא – אַקְרוֹבֵי נָמֵי מַקְרִיבִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains the basis of Rabbi Yosei’s opinion: **And he holds** that even **outside of Eretz** Yisrael, consuming the **new** crop **is** prohibited **by Torah law, as it is written: “From all your dwellings”** (Leviticus 23:17), which **indicates** that the prohibition applies **anywhere that you dwell,** even outside of Eretz Yisrael. Accordingly, the earlier verse, which introduces the prohibition with: **“When you come** into the land which I give to you” (Leviticus 23:10), **is** a reference to **the time** of the Jewish people **entering** Eretz Yisrael, and it indicates that the prohibition takes effect only from that time. **And since** Rabbi Yosei holds that the new crop outside of Eretz Yisrael **is** prohibited for consumption **by Torah law,** he consequently holds that **one may also offer** the *omer* from crops grown there.


###### Menachot 84a:4
[Menachot 84a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:4)

תְּנַן הָתָם: שׁוֹמְרֵי סְפִיחִין בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, נוֹטְלִין שְׂכָרָן מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **We learned** in a mishna **elsewhere** (*Shekalim* 4:1): The **guards** who are appointed by the court to protect some **of** the **produce that grew without being purposely planted [*sefiḥin*] during the Sabbatical** Year, in order that it can be used for the *omer* and the offering of the two loaves, **collect their wages from the collection of the** Temple treasury **chamber.**


###### Menachot 84a:5
[Menachot 84a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:5)

רָמֵי לֵיהּ רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא לְרַב חִסְדָּא: תְּנַן שׁוֹמְרֵי סְפִיחִין בַּשְּׁבִיעִית נוֹטְלִין שְׂכָרָן מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה, וּרְמִינְהוּ: ״לְאׇכְלָה״ – וְלֹא לִשְׂרֵיפָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rami bar Ḥama raises a contradiction to Rav Ḥisda: We learned** in that mishna that **the guards of *sefiḥin* during the Sabbatical** Year **collect their wages from the collection of the** Temple treasury **chamber.** This indicates that even in the Sabbatical Year, the *omer* is brought from that year’s crop. **And one can raise a contradiction** to this from a *baraita*: The verse states: “And the Sabbatical Year of the land shall be for you **for eating”** (Leviticus 25:6), which indicates it is to be used for eating, **but not for burning.** Accordingly, since the *omer* is burned on the altar, it should not be brought from produce of the Sabbatical Year.


###### Menachot 84a:6
[Menachot 84a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:6)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: רַחֲמָנָא אָמַר לָךְ ״לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם״, וְאַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ תִּיבְטַל?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Ḥisda **said to him: The Merciful One said to you** about the *omer*: “It is a statute forever **throughout your generations”** (Leviticus 23:14), indicating that the mitzva can be fulfilled in all times, **and you say** the *omer* **should be canceled** in a Sabbatical Year?


###### Menachot 84a:7
[Menachot 84a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:7)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וּמִי קָאָמֵינָא אֲנָא תִּיבְטַל?! לַיְיתֵי מִדְּאֶשְׁתָּקַד! בָּעֵינָא ״כַּרְמֶל״, וְלֵיכָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rami bar Ḥama **said to him: But am I saying** that the *omer* **should be canceled?** Certainly not. **Let one bring** the *omer* **from** grain that sprouted during **the previous year,** concerning which there is no prohibition against burning it. Rav Ḥisda rejects this suggestion: But to fulfill the mitzva **I require that** the grain be of the **“fresh ear”** (Leviticus 2:14), i.e., young grain, **and** this requirement **is not** fulfilled with grain that sprouted during the previous year, as it has already been growing a long time.


###### Menachot 84a:8
[Menachot 84a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:8)

וְלַיְיתֵי מִכַּרְמֶל דְּאֶשְׁתָּקַד? אָמַר קְרָא: ״כַּרְמֶל תַּקְרִיב״, בָּעֵינָא כַּרְמֶל בִּשְׁעַת הַקְרָבָה, וְלֵיכָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rami bar Ḥama persists: **But let one bring** the *omer* **from the young grain** that was cut during the harvest **of** the **previous year,** when it was still fresh. Rav Ḥisda rejects this suggestion: **The verse states: “Fresh ear, you shall bring”** (Leviticus 2:14). The juxtaposition of the mitzva to bring the grain with the requirement that it be young indicates that **I need** it to still be **young grain at the time of offering** it, **and** this condition **is not** fulfilled if one uses grain from the previous year’s harvest. Young grain is soft (see 66b), whereas grain that was reaped during the previous year would have become brittle.


###### Menachot 84a:9
[Menachot 84a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:9)

אִיתְּמַר: רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר ״כַּרְמֶל תַּקְרִיב״, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר ״רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְךָ״ – רֵאשִׁית קְצִירְךָ, וְלֹא סוֹף קְצִירְךָ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ An amoraic dispute **was stated** concerning the source of the *halakha* that the *omer* may not be brought from the previous year’s crop: **Rabbi Yoḥanan says** it is derived from: **“Fresh ear, you shall bring,”** as Rav Ḥisda explains. **Rabbi Elazar says** it is derived from the fact that the *omer* is referred to as: **“The first of your harvest”** (Leviticus 23:10), which indicates that the *omer* is brought only from **the first of your harvest,** i.e., from the first produce of the current year’s crop, **and not from the last of your harvest,** i.e., from produce taken from the remainder of the previous year’s crop.


###### Menachot 84a:10
[Menachot 84a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:10)

מוֹתֵיב רַבָּה: ״וְאִם תַּקְרִיב מִנְחַת בִּכּוּרִים״ – בְּמִנְחַת הָעוֹמֶר הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר. מֵהֵיכָן הִיא בָּאָה? מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים. אַתָּה אוֹמֵר מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא מִן הַחִיטִּין?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba raises an objection** to Rabbi Yoḥanan’s opinion, from a *baraita*: The verse states: **“And when you shall bring a meal offering of first fruits** to the Lord” (Leviticus 2:14). **The verse is speaking of the *omer* meal offering. From which** type of grain **does it come?** It comes **from barley. Do you say** that it comes **from barley, or** does **it** come **only from wheat?**


###### Menachot 84a:11
[Menachot 84a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:11)

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: נֶאֱמַר ״אָבִיב״ בְּמִצְרַיִם, וְנֶאֱמַר ״אָבִיב״ לְדוֹרוֹת. מָה ״אָבִיב״ הָאָמוּר בְּמִצְרַיִם – שְׂעוֹרִים, אַף ״אָבִיב״ הָאָמוּר לְדוֹרוֹת – אֵינוֹ בָּא אֶלָּא מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Eliezer says** that it **is stated “in the ear,” with regard to** the plague of hail in **Egypt:** “And the flax and the barley were smitten; for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was in bloom” (Exodus 9:31), **and it is stated “in the ear”** with regard to the mitzva of the new crop, which is **for** all **generations. Just as** the term **“in the ear” that is stated with regard to** the plague of hail in **Egypt** is referring to **barley,** as is clear from the next verse: “But the wheat and the spelt were not smitten; for they ripen late” (Exodus 9:32), **so too** the term **“in the ear” that is stated** with regard to the new crop **for** all **generations** is referring to **barley.**


###### Menachot 84a:12
[Menachot 84a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:12)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: מָצִינוּ יָחִיד שֶׁמֵּבִיא חוֹבָתוֹ מִן הַחִיטִּין, וּמֵבִיא חוֹבָתוֹ מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִין, וְאַף צִיבּוּר מֵבִיא חוֹבָתוֹ מִן הַחִיטִּין וּמֵבִיא חוֹבָתוֹ מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִין. אִם אַתָּה אוֹמֵר מִן הַחִיטִּין – לֹא מָצִינוּ צִיבּוּר שֶׁמֵּבִיא חוֹבָתוֹ מִן הַשְּׂעוֹרִין!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* cites another proof that the *omer* offering is brought from barley. **And Rabbi Akiva says: We found an individual who brings his obligation** of a meal offering **from wheat,** which is brought by a poor person for a false oath of testimony, a false oath of utterance, or for entering the Temple while ritually impure, **and** one who brings **his obligation** of a meal offering **from barley,** in the case of a sinner’s meal offering or the meal offering of a *sota*. **And** we also found with regard to the **community that they bring their obligation** of a meal offering **from wheat,** in the case of the two loaves offering of *Shavuot*, and therefore, to keep the *halakha* of the offering of a community parallel to that of an individual there should be a case where the community **brings their obligation** of a meal offering **from barley. And if you say** that the *omer* offering **comes from wheat,** then **we** will **not** have **found** a case of **a community that brings their obligation** of a meal offering **from barley.** Consequently, it must be that the *omer* offering comes from barley.


###### Menachot 84a:13
[Menachot 84a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:13)

דָּבָר אַחֵר: אִם אַתָּה אוֹמֵר עוֹמֶר בָּא מִן הַחִיטִּין – אִין שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם ״בִּיכּוּרִים״. אַלְמָא מִשּׁוּם ״בִּיכּוּרִים״ הוּא, תְּיוּבְתָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Akiva suggests another proof: **Alternatively, if you say** that the ***omer*** offering **comes from wheat,** then **the two loaves** offering would **not** be brought from the **first fruits.** The verse states that the two loaves offering of *Shavuot* should come from the first fruits: “Also in the day of the first fruits, when you bring a new meal offering to the Lord in your feast of weeks” (Numbers 28:26). If the *omer* is from wheat, then the two loaves offering would not be the first offering of the first fruit, as the *omer* offering of Passover precedes it. Therefore, the *omer* offering must come from barley. Rabba explains the objection to Rabbi Yoḥanan’s opinion: **Evidently,** the *omer* offering is brought from the new crop **because** the grain used is referred to as **first fruits,** i.e., “the first of your harvest.” The Gemara concludes: This *baraita* is **a conclusive refutation** of Rabbi Yoḥanan’s opinion.


###### Menachot 84a:14
[Menachot 84a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/84a:14)

תְּנַן הָתָם: אֵין מְבִיאִין בִּיכּוּרִים חוּץ מִשִּׁבְעַת הַמִּינִין, וְלֹא

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **We learned** in a mishna **elsewhere** (*Bikkurim* 1:3): **One may bring first fruits only from the seven species** with which Eretz Yisrael is praised in the verse: “A land of wheat and barley, vines, figs and pomegranates, a land of olive oil and honey” (Deuteronomy 8:8). **But** one may **not**