## Menachot Daf 95b ###### Menachot 95b:1 [Menachot 95b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:1) רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָכוֹל דָּחֲקוּ זָבִין וּמְצוֹרָעִין וְנִכְנְסוּ לַעֲזָרָה בְּפֶסַח הַבָּא בְּטוּמְאָה יָכוֹל יְהוּ חַיָּיבִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וִישַׁלְּחוּ מִן הַמַּחֲנֶה כׇּל צָרוּעַ וְכׇל זָב וְכֹל טָמֵא לָנָפֶשׁ״, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁטְּמֵאֵי מֵתִים מִשְׁתַּלְּחִין – זָבִין וּמְצוֹרָעִין מִשְׁתַּלְּחִין. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rabbi Eliezer says:** One **might** have thought that if ***zavim* and lepers pushed** their way in **and entered the Temple courtyard during** the sacrifice of **a Paschal offering that is brought in** a state of **impurity,** i.e., when the majority of the nation are ritually impure due to contact with a corpse, that perhaps the *zavim* and lepers are liable. In other words, one **might** have thought that since it is prohibited for *zavim* and lepers to enter even under such circumstances, **they would be liable** to receive excision from the World-to-Come [*karet*]. Therefore, **the verse states: “That they send out from the camp any leper and any *zav* and anyone impure by reason of a corpse”** (Numbers 5:2). The verse indicates that **at a time when those who are impure** with impurity imparted **by a corpse are sent out** of the Temple, ***zavim* and lepers are** also **sent out** of the Temple and are liable to receive *karet* if they enter it. ###### Menachot 95b:2 [Menachot 95b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:2) אֵין טְמֵאֵי מֵתִים מִשְׁתַּלְּחִין – אֵין זָבִין וּמְצוֹרָעִין מִשְׁתַּלְּחִין. **William Davidson Edition - English:** But when **those who are impure** with impurity imparted **by a corpse are not sent out** of the Temple, ***zavim* and lepers are** also **not sent out,** i.e., they are not liable to receive *karet* if they enter the Temple. The *baraita* that teaches that once the curtain surrounding the Tabernacle courtyard was rolled up it was permitted for *zavim* and lepers to enter the place where it had stood, is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer. The reason is that once the curtain was rolled up it was permitted for those who were impure with impurity imparted by a corpse to enter; it was prohibited for them to enter only the Temple courtyard, and this had been dismantled. According to Rabbi Eliezer, it was permitted even for *zavim* and lepers to then enter the camp. The *baraita* that rules that even when the Tabernacle was dismantled *zavim* and lepers were sent outside the camp, is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis. ###### Menachot 95b:3 [Menachot 95b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:3) **מַתְנִי׳** אַחַת שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, וְאַחַת לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים – לִישָׁתָן וַעֲרִיכָתָן בַּחוּץ, וַאֲפִיָּיתָן בִּפְנִים, וְאֵינָן דּוֹחוֹת אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: כׇּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בִּפְנִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָם הֱוֵי רָגִיל לוֹמַר שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם וְלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים כְּשֵׁרוֹת בַּעֲזָרָה, וּכְשֵׁרוֹת בְּבֵית פָּאגֵי. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **MISHNA:** In the case of **both the two loaves and the shewbread, the kneading of their** dough **and the forming of their** loaves take place **outside** the Temple courtyard, **but their baking** takes place **inside** the Temple courtyard. **And their** preparation **does not override Shabbat. Rabbi Yehuda says: All of the procedures** involved in **their** preparation take place **inside** the courtyard. **Rabbi Shimon says:** One **should always be accustomed to say** that **the two loaves and the shewbread are fit** if they were prepared **in the Temple courtyard and they are** also **fit** if they were prepared **in Beit Pagei,** outside the Temple Mount, as he maintains that they may be baked outside the Temple courtyard. ###### Menachot 95b:4 [Menachot 95b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:4) **גְּמָ׳** הָא גּוּפַאּ קַשְׁיָא: **William Davidson Edition - English:** **GEMARA:** The mishna states that according to the opinion of the first *tanna* the two loaves and the shewbread are kneaded and shaped outside the Temple courtyard, but they are baked inside the courtyard. The Gemara comments: **This itself** is **difficult.** ###### Menachot 95b:5 [Menachot 95b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:5) אָמַרְתָּ: לִישָׁתָן וַעֲרִיכָתָן בַּחוּץ – אַלְמָא מִדַּת יָבֵשׁ לֹא נִתְקַדְּשָׁה, וַאֲפִיָּיתָן בִּפְנִים – אַלְמָא מִדַּת יָבֵשׁ נִתְקַדְּשָׁה! אָמַר רַבָּה: הִקְשָׁה אָדָם קָשֶׁה, שֶׁהוּא קָשֶׁה כַּבַּרְזֶל, וּמַנּוּ – רַב שֵׁשֶׁת. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara elaborates: **You said** initially that **the kneading of their** dough **and the forming of their** loaves take place **outside** the Temple courtyard. One can infer from this that **apparently,** the **dry measure,** i.e., the vessel used in the Temple for measuring dry substances, e.g., flour, **was not consecrated.** If the dry measure sanctified the items placed in them, the flour brought for the two loaves and the shewbread would already be sanctified, and these loaves could not be kneaded and shaped outside the courtyard. And the mishna subsequently states that **their baking** takes place **inside** the Temple courtyard. One can infer from this that **apparently,** the **dry measure was consecrated.** If the flour had not been sanctified by being placed in the measuring vessel, why must the loaves be baked inside the Temple courtyard? **Rabba says: A formidable man, who is** as **tough as iron, raised** this **difficulty. And who is** that Sage? This is referring to **Rav Sheshet.** ###### Menachot 95b:6 [Menachot 95b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:6) מַאי קַשְׁיָא? דִּלְמָא עִשָּׂרוֹן לָא מְקַדֵּשׁ, תַּנּוּר מְקַדֵּשׁ. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara asks: **What** is the **difficulty? Perhaps** the measure of **a tenth** of an ephah, which is used to measure the flour for the two loaves and the shewbread, **does not sanctify** that which is placed inside it, but the **oven sanctifies** the loaves that are baked in it, and therefore they must be baked inside the Temple courtyard. ###### Menachot 95b:7 [Menachot 95b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:7) אֶלָּא, אִי קַשְׁיָא – הָא קַשְׁיָא: וַאֲפִיָּיתָן בִּפְנִים, אַלְמָא תַּנּוּר מְקַדֵּשׁ, וְאֵין דּוֹחוֹת אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת – אִיפַּסְלָה בְּלִינָה! אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: הִקְשָׁה אָדָם קָשֶׁה, שֶׁהוּא קָשֶׁה כַּבַּרְזֶל, וּמַנּוּ – רַב שֵׁשֶׁת. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rather, if** the mishna **is difficult, this is difficult:** The mishna states that **the baking** of the two loaves and the shewbread takes place **inside** the courtyard. **Evidently,** the **oven sanctifies** that which is baked inside it. And the mishna subsequently states that kneading, shaping, and baking the loaves **does not override Shabbat.** If these procedures were performed before Shabbat in a vessel that sanctifies them, the loaves would be **disqualified by** virtue of the fact that they were **left overnight** without having been placed on the Table. **Rather, Rava says: A formidable man, who is** as **tough as iron, raised** this **difficulty. And who is** that Sage? This is referring to **Rav Sheshet.** ###### Menachot 95b:8 [Menachot 95b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:8) אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: מַאי קוּשְׁיָא? דִּלְמָא מַאי ״מִבִּפְנִים״ – בִּמְקוֹם זְרִיזִין. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rav Ashi said: What** is the **difficulty? Perhaps** the oven does not sanctify the loaves that are baked in it, and therefore the two loaves and the shewbread are not disqualified by being left overnight. And accordingly, **what is** the meaning of the statement: Their baking takes place **inside?** This is not referring to inside the Temple courtyard. Rather, it means they are baked **in a place** where there are priests who are **vigilant** in their efforts, who will supervise the loaves as they are baked and ensure they do not become leavened. ###### Menachot 95b:9 [Menachot 95b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:9) וְהָא דְּרַב אָשֵׁי בְּרוּתָא הִיא, מָה נַפְשָׁךְ? אִי אֲפִיָּיה בָּעֵינַן זְרִיזִין – לִישָׁה וַעֲרִיכָה נָמֵי [בָּעֵינַן] זְרִיזִין, וְאִי לִישָׁה [וַעֲרִיכָה] לָא בָּעֵינַן זְרִיזִין – אֲפִיָּיה נָמֵי לָא בָּעֵינַן זְרִיזִין, אֶלָּא דְּרַב אָשֵׁי בְּרוּתָא הִיא. **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara notes: **And this** statement attributed **to Rav Ashi is an error [*baruta*],** as **whichever** way **you** look at it, it is difficult: **If we require vigilant** priests for the **baking** of the two loaves and the shewbread, **we** should **also require vigilant** priests for the **kneading and forming** of the loaves. **And if we do not require vigilant** priests for the **kneading and forming** of the loaves, **we** should **also not require vigilant** priests for the **baking.** Rav Ashi’s explanation does not explain why the mishna differentiates between the kneading and forming of the loaves on the one hand, and their baking on the other hand. **Rather,** the statement attributed **to Rav Ashi is an error.** ###### Menachot 95b:10 [Menachot 95b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:10) רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: כׇּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶן בִּפְנִים [וְכוּ׳]. אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ בַּר כָּהֲנָא: וּשְׁנֵיהֶן מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ, ״וְהוּא דֶּרֶךְ חֹל אַף כִּי הַיּוֹם יִקְדַּשׁ בַּכֶּלִי״. **William Davidson Edition - English:** § The mishna teaches that **Rabbi Yehuda says: All the procedures** involved in the preparation of the two loaves and the shewbread take place **inside** the Temple courtyard, whereas Rabbi Shimon maintains that even their baking may take place outside the courtyard. **Rabbi Abbahu bar Kahana says: Both** Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon derived their opinions from **the same verse,** which **they interpreted homiletically.** When David fled from King Saul he came to Nov, where he requested bread from Ahimelech the priest. Ahimelech replied: “There is no non-sacred bread under my hand, but there is sacred bread” (I Samuel 21:5), i.e., the shewbread. David then said to Ahimelech: **“But it is a non-sacred manner, and yet it shall be consecrated today in the vessel”** (I Samuel 21:6). ###### Menachot 95b:11 [Menachot 95b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:11) רַבִּי יְהוּדָה סָבַר: בַּחוֹל אַשְׁכְּחִינְהוּ דְּקָא אָפוּ לֵיהּ, אֲמַר לְהוּ: דֶּרֶךְ חוֹל קָא אָפֵיתוּ לֵיהּ? ״אַף כִּי הַיּוֹם יִקְדַּשׁ בַּכֶּלִי״, אִיפְּסִיל לֵיהּ בְּלִינָה. **William Davidson Edition - English:** Both Sages understand David’s response to be a halakhic critique: **Rabbi Yehuda holds** that David **found** the priests **baking** the shewbread **on a weekday.** David **said to them:** Why **are you baking** the shewbread in **a non-sacred manner,** i.e., on a weekday, rather than on Shabbat? **“Yet it shall be consecrated today in the vessel,”** i.e., it will be consecrated today when it is baked in the oven, and **it will be disqualified** tomorrow **because** it will have been **left overnight.** Rabbi Yehuda infers from David’s criticism that the shewbread must be baked on Shabbat in the Temple courtyard, as it is consecrated in the oven. ###### Menachot 95b:12 [Menachot 95b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:12) רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן סָבַר: בְּשַׁבָּת אַשְׁכְּחִינְהוּ דְּקָא אָפוּ לֵיהּ, אֲמַר לְהוּ: לָא דֶּרֶךְ חוֹל בָּעֵיתוּ לְמִיעְבְּדֵיהּ?! מִידֵּי תַּנּוּר מְקַדֵּשׁ?! שֻׁלְחָן הוּא דִּמְקַדֵּשׁ. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rabbi Shimon holds** that David **found** the priests **baking** the shewbread **on Shabbat.** David **said to them: Aren’t you required to prepare it** in **a non-sacred manner,** i.e., on a weekday? **Does the oven consecrate** the shewbread? No, **it is** the **Table that consecrates** it when the shewbread is placed there. The loaves are therefore not disqualified by being left overnight. ###### Menachot 95b:13 [Menachot 95b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:13) וּמִי מָצֵית אָמְרַתְּ דְּבִשְׁעַת אֲפִיָּיה אַשְׁכְּחִינְהוּ? וְהָכְתִיב: ״וַיִּתֵּן לוֹ הַכֹּהֵן קֹדֶשׁ כִּי לֹא הָיָה שָׁם לֶחֶם כִּי אִם לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים הַמּוּסָרִים מִלִּפְנֵי ה׳״! **William Davidson Edition - English:** The Gemara asks: **And how can you say that** David **found** the priests **at the time of baking? But isn’t it** subsequently **written: “And the priest gave him sacred bread, for there was no bread there but the shewbread that was taken from before the Lord”** (I Samuel 21:7)? This indicates that David received shewbread that had already been on the Table, not loaves that had just been baked. ###### Menachot 95b:14 [Menachot 95b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:14) אֶלָּא מַאי ״דֶּרֶךְ חֹל״, דְּקָא אָמַר לְהוּ? – הָכִי קָא אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ: לֵיכָּא לֶחֶם, כִּי אִם ״לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים הַמּוּסָרִים מִלִּפְנֵי ה׳״. **William Davidson Edition - English:** **Rather, what** is the meaning of the statement: “But it is **a non-sacred manner,** and yet it shall be consecrated today in the vessel,” **which** David **said to** the priests? The Gemara replies: **This is** what the priests **said to him:** There is **no bread** here **except “the shewbread that was taken from before the Lord,”** and the shewbread is prohibited for consumption by non-priests. ###### Menachot 95b:15 [Menachot 95b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Menachot/r/95b:15) אֲמַר לְהוּ: לָא מִיבַּעְיָא הַאי, דְּכֵיוָן דִּנְפַק לֵיהּ מִמְּעִילָה דֶּרֶךְ חוֹל הוּא, אֶלָּא אֲפִילּוּ הַאיְךְ נָמֵי דְּ״הַיּוֹם יִקְדַּשׁ בַּכֶּלִי״ – הַבוּ לֵיהּ דְּלֵיכוֹל, **William Davidson Edition - English:** David **said to** the priests: **It is not necessary** to say that it is permitted for me to eat **this** shewbread, which has already been removed from the Table. This is **because** the frankincense placed in the bowls that were on the Table has been burned. **Since** the shewbread **has been removed from** having the status of items to which the *halakhot* of **misuse** of consecrated property apply, **it is** considered **a non-sacred matter,** i.e., permitted to priests for consumption. **But even the other** shewbread, **which “shall be consecrated today in the vessel,”** i.e., the shewbread placed on the Table today, **you should give him,** i.e., you should give me, **to eat.**