## Mishnah Arakhin Chapter 7

###### Mishnah Arakhin 7:1
[Mishnah Arakhin 7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Arakhin/r/7:1)

אֵין מַקְדִּישִׁין לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁתֵּי שָׁנִים. וְלֹא גוֹאֲלִין לְאַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל פָּחוֹת מִשָּׁנָה. אֵין מְחַשְּׁבִין חֳדָשִׁים לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. אֲבָל הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ מְחַשֵּׁב חֳדָשִׁים. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ בִשְׁעַת הַיּוֹבֵל, נוֹתֵן בְּזֶרַע חֹמֶר שְׂעֹרִים חֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁקֶל כָּסֶף. הָיוּ שָׁם נְקָעִים עֲמֻקִּים עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ סְלָעִים גְּבוֹהִים עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אֵין נִמְדָּדִים עִמָּהּ. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, נִמְדָּדִים עִמָּהּ. הִקְדִּישָׁהּ שְׁתַּיִם אוֹ שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל, נוֹתֵן סֶלַע וּפֻנְדְיוֹן לְשָׁנָה. אִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נוֹתֵן דְּבַר שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ, אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן אֶת כֻּלּוֹ כְּאֶחָד:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One may neither consecrate** an ancestral field, i.e., a field that he inherited, **less than two years before the Jubilee** Year, **nor may one redeem** such a field **less than one year after the Jubilee** Year. When redeeming an ancestral field that has been consecrated, the sum paid to redeem the field is calculated based on the number of years remaining until the Jubilee Year. When performing this calculation, **one does not count months** of a partial year in order to lower the price to be paid **to the Temple** treasury; rather, he pays for the entire year. **But the Temple** treasury may **count months** in order to raise the price of redemption, as will be explained. In the case of **one who consecrates** his ancestral **field during a period** when **the Jubilee** Year is observed and wishes to redeem it, **he gives** the Temple treasury **fifty** *sela*, a talmudic measure referred to in the Bible as **silver shekels, for** an area required for **sowing a *ḥomer*,** a measure known in talmudic terminology as one *kor*, of **barley seed** (see Leviticus 27:16). If **there were crevices [*neka’im*] ten handbreadths deep** in the field, **or** if there were **boulders ten handbreadths high,** then when calculating the redemption price those areas **are not measured with** the rest of the field. But if the depth of the crevices, or the height of the boulders, was **less than that** amount, **they are measured with** the rest of the field. If **he consecrated** the field **two or three years before the Jubilee** Year and wishes to redeem it, **he gives** the Temple treasury **a *sela* and a *pundeyon*,** a pundeyon being one forty-eighth of a *sela*, **per year** remaining until the Jubilee Year. **And if he said: I will give** the payment **for each year during** that **year, one does not listen to him; rather, he** must **give** the **entire** sum **in one** payment.


###### Mishnah Arakhin 7:2
[Mishnah Arakhin 7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Arakhin/r/7:2)

אֶחָד הַבְּעָלִים, וְאֶחָד כָּל הָאָדָם. מַה בֵּין הַבְּעָלִים לְבֵין כָּל הָאָדָם, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים חֹמֶשׁ, וְכָל אָדָם אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן חֹמֶשׁ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
This is the *halakha* **both** with regard to a case where **the owner** redeems the field **and** a case where **any** other **person** redeems the field. **What** then **is** the difference **between** redemption by **the owner and** redemption by **any** other **person?** It is **only that the owner gives** an extra **one-fifth** in addition to the payment, **and any** other **person** who redeems the field **does not give** the additional **one-fifth.**


###### Mishnah Arakhin 7:3
[Mishnah Arakhin 7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Arakhin/r/7:3)

הִקְדִּישָׁהּ וּגְאָלָהּ, אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה מִיָּדוֹ בַּיּוֹבֵל. גְּאָלָהּ בְּנוֹ, יוֹצְאָה לְאָבִיו בַּיּוֹבֵל. גְּאָלָהּ אַחֵר אוֹ אֶחָד מִן הַקְּרוֹבִים וּגְאָלָהּ מִיָּדוֹ, אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה מִיָּדוֹ בַּיּוֹבֵל. גְּאָלָהּ אֶחָד מִן הַכֹּהֲנִים וַהֲרֵי הִיא תַּחַת יָדוֹ, לֹא יֹאמַר הוֹאִיל וְהִיא יוֹצְאָה לַכֹּהֲנִים בַּיּוֹבֵל וַהֲרֵי הִיא תַּחַת יָדִי, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי, אֶלָּא יוֹצְאָה לְכָל אֶחָיו הַכֹּהֲנִים:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If **one consecrated** his ancestral field **and** then **redeemed it** himself, **it is not removed from his possession** to be divided among the priests **during the Jubilee** Year. If **his son redeemed it,** the field **is removed** from the son’s possession and returns **to his father during the Jubilee** Year. But if **another** person **or one of his** other **relatives redeemed** the field **and** the owner subsequently **redeemed it from his possession,** the field is **removed** from the owner’s possession and given **to the priests during the Jubilee** Year. If **one of the priests redeemed** the field **and** when the Jubilee arrived **it** was **in his possession, he may not say: Since it is removed** from the possession of the one who redeemed it and given **to the priests during the Jubilee** Year, **and** since **it is** already **in my possession, it is mine. Rather,** the field **is removed from his possession and is divided among all his brethren, the priests.**


###### Mishnah Arakhin 7:4
[Mishnah Arakhin 7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Arakhin/r/7:4)

הִגִּיעַ הַיּוֹבֵל וְלֹא נִגְאֲלָה, הַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִים לְתוֹכָהּ וְנוֹתְנִים אֶת דָּמֶיהָ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, נִכְנָסִין, אֲבָל לֹא נוֹתְנִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, לֹא נִכְנָסִין וְלֹא נוֹתְנִין, אֶלָּא נִקְרֵאת שְׂדֵה רְטוּשִׁים, עַד הַיּוֹבֵל הַשֵּׁנִי. הִגִּיעַ הַיּוֹבֵל הַשֵּׁנִי וְלֹא נִגְאֲלָה, נִקְרֵאת רְטוּשֵׁי רְטוּשִׁין עַד הַיּוֹבֵל הַשְּׁלִישִׁי. לְעוֹלָם אֵין הַכֹּהֲנִים נִכְנָסִין לְתוֹכָהּ, עַד שֶׁיִּגְאָלֶנָּה אַחֵר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one consecrated his ancestral field and the **Jubilee** Year **arrived and it was not redeemed** by the owner or anyone else, **the priests enter into** the field **and give its** redemption **payment** to the Temple treasury; this is **the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says: They enter** into the field, **but they do not give** its redemption payment to the Temple treasury. **Rabbi Eliezer says:** The priests **do not enter** into the field, **and** they also **do not give** its redemption payment to the Temple treasury. **Rather,** the field remains in the possession of the Temple treasury, and **it is called: An abandoned field, until the second Jubilee** Year. If **the second Jubilee arrived and it was** still **not redeemed, it is called: An abandoned** field from among the **abandoned** fields, meaning one that was abandoned twice, **until the third Jubilee.** In any case, **the priests never enter into** a consecrated field during the Jubilee Year **until another** person **redeems it** first.


###### Mishnah Arakhin 7:5
[Mishnah Arakhin 7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Arakhin/r/7:5)

הַלּוֹקֵחַ שָׂדֶה מֵאָבִיו, מֵת אָבִיו וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִקְדִּישָׁהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כִּשְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה. הִקְדִּישָׁהּ וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵת אָבִיו, הֲרֵי הִיא כִּשְׂדֵה מִקְנָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים, כִּשְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כז), וְאִם אֶת שְׂדֵה מִקְנָתוֹ אֲשֶׁר לֹא מִשְּׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּתוֹ, שָׂדֶה שֶׁאֵינָהּ רְאוּיָה לִהְיוֹת שְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה, יוֹצֵאת זוֹ, שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לִהְיוֹת שְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה. שְׂדֵה מִקְנָה אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה לַכֹּהֲנִים בַּיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁאֵין אָדָם מַקְדִּישׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם מַקְדִּישִׁים לְעוֹלָם, וְגוֹאֲלִין לְעוֹלָם, בֵּין לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל, בֵּין לְאַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One who purchases** an ancestral **field from his father, and his father** subsequently **died and afterward** the son **consecrated it, its** halakhic status **is like** that of **an ancestral field,** as he inherited his father’s ancestral rights prior to the consecration. Consequently, the field’s redemption price is calculated on the basis of fifty *sela* per *beit kor*, and if another redeems it instead of the son, it is given to the priests during the Jubilee Year. But if the son **consecrated** the field **and afterward his father died, its** halakhic status **is like** that of **a purchased field,** whose redemption price is based on its monetary value, and which will return to the ancestral owner, i.e., the son, at the Jubilee; this is **the statement of Rabbi Meir.** **Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Shimon say:** Even in a case where the son consecrated the field before his father died, **its** halakhic status **is like** that of **an ancestral field, as it is stated** with regard to a purchased field: “And **if** he will consecrate unto the Lord **a field that he has bought, which is not of his ancestral field”** (Leviticus 27:22), indicating that this *halakha* applies only to **a field that is not due to become** his **ancestral field,** thereby **excluding this** field, **which** at the time of consecration **is due to become** his **ancestral field** in the future, when his father dies. The mishna continues: **A purchased field** that was consecrated **is not removed** from the possession of the Temple treasury and given **to the priests during the Jubilee** Year, **as** the purchase of the land was valid only until the Jubilee, at which point fields return to their ancestral owners, and **a person cannot consecrate an item that is not his. The priests and the Levites may always consecrate** their ancestral fields **and may always redeem** their ancestral fields, **both before the Jubilee** Year **and after the Jubilee** Year.