## Mishnah Berakhot Chapter 3

###### Mishnah Berakhot 3:1
[Mishnah Berakhot 3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Berakhot/r/3:1)

מִי שֶׁמֵּתוֹ מוּטָל לְפָנָיו, פָּטוּר מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע, מִן הַתְּפִלָּה וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין. נוֹשְׂאֵי הַמִּטָּה וְחִלּוּפֵיהֶן וְחִלּוּפֵי חִלּוּפֵיהֶן, אֶת שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּטָּה וְאֶת שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַמִּטָּה, אֶת שֶׁלַּמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן פְּטוּרִים, וְאֶת שֶׁאֵין לַמִּטָּה צֹרֶךְ בָּהֶן חַיָּבִין. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִים מִן הַתְּפִלָּה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One whose deceased** relative **is laid out** unburied **before him is exempt from the recitation of *Shema*, from** the *Amida* **prayer, and from** the mitzva to don **phylacteries,** until the deceased has been buried. With regard to **the pallbearers and their replacements and the replacements of their replacements, those** located **before the bier** who have not yet carried the deceased **and those** located **after the bier. Those who are needed** to carry **the bier are exempt** from reciting *Shema*; **while those who are not needed** to carry **the bier**, are **obligated** to recite *Shema*. However, both **these and those are exempt from** reciting the *Amida* **prayer,** since they are preoccupied and are unable to focus and pray with the appropriate intent.


###### Mishnah Berakhot 3:2
[Mishnah Berakhot 3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Berakhot/r/3:2)

קָבְרוּ אֶת הַמֵּת וְחָזְרוּ, אִם יְכוֹלִין לְהַתְחִיל וְלִגְמֹר עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעוּ לַשּׁוּרָה, יַתְחִילוּ. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יַתְחִילוּ. הָעוֹמְדִים בַּשּׁוּרָה, הַפְּנִימִים פְּטוּרִים, וְהַחִיצוֹנִים חַיָּבִין:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
After **they buried the deceased and returned, if they** have sufficient time to **begin** to recite *Shema* **and conclude before they arrive at the row,** formed by those who attended the burial, through which the bereaved family will pass in order to receive consolation, **they should begin. If** they do **not** have sufficient time to conclude reciting the entire *Shema*, then **they should not begin.** And **those standing in the row, those** in the **interior** row, directly before whom the mourners will pass and who will console them, **are exempt** from reciting *Shema*, while **those** in the **exterior** row, who stand there only to show their respect, **are obligated** to recite *Shema*.


###### Mishnah Berakhot 3:3
[Mishnah Berakhot 3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Berakhot/r/3:3)

נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים פְּטוּרִין מִקְּרִיאַת שְׁמַע וּמִן הַתְּפִלִּין, וְחַיָּבִין בִּתְפִלָּה וּבִמְזוּזָה, וּבְבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Women, slaves and minors are exempt from the recitation of *Shema* and from phylacteries, but are obligated in prayer, *mezuza* and Grace after Meals.**


###### Mishnah Berakhot 3:4
[Mishnah Berakhot 3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Berakhot/r/3:4)

בַּעַל קֶרִי מְהַרְהֵר בְּלִבּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ, לֹא לְפָנֶיהָ וְלֹא לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. וְעַל הַמָּזוֹן מְבָרֵךְ לְאַחֲרָיו, וְאֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ לְפָנָיו. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְבָרֵךְ לִפְנֵיהֶם וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶם:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Ezra the Scribe decreed that one who is ritually impure because of a seminal emission may not engage in matters of Torah until he has immersed in a ritual bath and purified himself. This *halakha* was accepted over the course of many generations; however, many disputes arose with regard to the Torah matters to which it applies. Regarding this, the mishna says: If the time for the recitation of *Shema* arrived and **one** is impure due to a **seminal emission,** he may **contemplate** *Shema* **in his heart, but neither recites the blessings preceding** *Shema*, **nor the blessings following it. Over food** which, after partaking, one is obligated by Torah law to recite a blessing, **one recites a blessing afterward, but one does not recite a blessing beforehand,** because the blessing recited prior to eating is a requirement by rabbinic law. **And** in all of these instances **Rabbi Yehuda says: He recites a blessing beforehand and thereafter** in both the case of *Shema* and in the case of food.


###### Mishnah Berakhot 3:5
[Mishnah Berakhot 3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Berakhot/r/3:5)

הָיָה עוֹמֵד בַּתְּפִלָּה, וְנִזְכַּר שֶׁהוּא בַעַל קְרִי, לֹא יַפְסִיק, אֶלָּא יְקַצֵּר. יָרַד לִטְבֹּל, אִם יָכוֹל לַעֲלוֹת וּלְהִתְכַּסּוֹת וְלִקְרוֹת עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָנֵץ הַחַמָּה, יַעֲלֶה וְיִתְכַּסֶּה וְיִקְרָא. וְאִם לָאו, יִתְכַּסֶּה בַמַּיִם וְיִקְרָא. אֲבָל לֹא יִתְכַּסֶּה, לֹא בַמַּיִם הָרָעִים וְלֹא בְמֵי הַמִּשְׁרָה, עַד שֶׁיַּטִּיל לְתוֹכָן מָיִם. וְכַמָּה יַרְחִיק מֵהֶם וּמִן הַצּוֹאָה, אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
This mishna contains various statements with regard to individuals with different types of ritual impurity as well as the need to distance oneself from filth and impurity. **One who was standing in prayer and he recalled that he experienced a seminal emission,** and according to this opinion he is prohibited from praying, should **not interrupt** his prayer, **rather he should abridge** each individual blessing. They stated a general principle: **One who descended to immerse himself, if he is able to ascend, cover himself** with a garment, **and recite** the morning *Shema* **before sunrise, he should ascend, cover himself, and recite** *Shema*, **and if not,** he should **cover himself in the water and recite** *Shema* there. **He may not, however, cover himself in either foul water, or water** in which flax was **soaked, until he pours** other **water into it. And** in general, **how far must one distance** himself **from** urine **and feces** in order to recite *Shema*? At least **four cubits.**


###### Mishnah Berakhot 3:6
[Mishnah Berakhot 3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Berakhot/r/3:6)

זָב שֶׁרָאָה קְרִי, וְנִדָּה שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וְהַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת שֶׁרָאֲתָה נִדָּה, צְרִיכִין טְבִילָה, וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Continuing the earlier discussion of the *halakhot* of immersion for Torah study and prayer for one who experienced a seminal emission, the mishna discusses a case where individuals who were already impure with a severe form of ritual impurity are exposed to the impurity of a seminal emission as well. They are required to immerse themselves and purify themselves of the impurity of the seminal emission even though they remain impure due to the more severe impurity. Consequently, even a ***zav*,** whose impurity lasts at least seven days, **who experienced a seminal emission,** for which, were he not a *zav*, he would be impure for only one day; **a menstruating woman who discharged semen,** despite the fact that she is already impure with a severe impurity unaffected by her immersion; **and** a woman **who engaged in conjugal relations** with her husband **and** later **saw menstrual blood,** all **require immersion. And Rabbi Yehuda exempts** them from immersion.