## Mishnah Chullin Chapter 3

###### Mishnah Chullin 3:1
[Mishnah Chullin 3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:1)

אֵלּוּ טְרֵפוֹת בַּבְּהֵמָה. נְקוּבַת הַוֶּשֶׁט, וּפְסוּקַת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, נִקַּב קְרוּם שֶׁל מֹחַ, נִקַּב הַלֵּב לְבֵית חֲלָלוֹ, נִשְׁבְּרָה הַשִּׁדְרָה וְנִפְסַק הַחוּט שֶׁלָּהּ, נִטַּל הַכָּבֵד וְלֹא נִשְׁתַּיֵּר הֵימֶנּוּ כְלוּם, הָרֵאָה שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, אוֹ שֶׁחָסְרָה, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁתִּנָּקֵב לְבֵית הַסִּמְפּוֹנוֹת. נִקְּבָה הַקֵּבָה, נִקְּבָה הַמָּרָה, נִקְּבוּ הַדַּקִּין, הַכֶּרֶס הַפְּנִימִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, אוֹ שֶׁנִּקְרַע רֹב הַחִיצוֹנָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַגְּדוֹלָה טֶפַח, וְהַקְּטַנָּה בְּרֻבָּהּ. הַמְסֵס וּבֵית הַכּוֹסוֹת שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ לַחוּץ, נָפְלָה מִן הַגַּג, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ רֹב צַלְעוֹתֶיהָ, וּדְרוּסַת הַזְּאֵב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דְּרוּסַת הַזְּאֵב בַּדַּקָּה, וּדְרוּסַת אֲרִי בַּגַּסָּה, דְּרוּסַת הַנֵּץ בָּעוֹף הַדַּק, וּדְרוּסַת הַגַּס בָּעוֹף הַגָּס. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין כָּמוֹהָ חַיָּה, טְרֵפָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**These** wounds constitute ***tereifot* in an animal,** rendering them prohibited for consumption: **A perforated gullet,** where the perforation goes through the wall of the gullet, **or a cut windpipe.** If **the membrane of the brain was perforated,** or if **the heart was perforated to its chamber;** if **the spinal** column **was broken and its cord was cut;** if **the liver was removed and nothing remained of it,** any of these render the animal a *tereifa*. Additionally, **a lung that was perforated or that was missing** a piece renders the animal a *tereifa*. **Rabbi Shimon says:** It is not a *tereifa* **unless it is perforated** through **to the bronchi.** If **the abomasum was perforated,** or **the gallbladder was perforated,** or **the small intestines were perforated,** it is a *tereifa*. It is also a *tereifa* in a case **where the internal rumen was perforated or where the majority of the external** rumen **was torn. Rabbi Yehuda says:** For **a large** animal, a tear of **one handbreadth** renders it a *tereifa*, while for **a small** animal, it is a *tereifa* only if **the majority of it** was torn. And it is a *tereifa* where the **omasum [*hemses*] or the reticulum was perforated to the outside,** i.e., to the abdominal cavity, but not if the perforation was between the two. Likewise, if an animal **fell from the roof,** or if **the majority of its ribs were fractured, or** if it was **clawed by a wolf,** it is a *tereifa*. **Rabbi Yehuda says:** If it was **clawed by a wolf in** the case of **a small** animal, i.e., a sheep or goat; **or clawed by a lion in** the case of **a large** animal, i.e., cattle; or if it was **clawed by a hawk in** the case of **a small bird; or** if it was **clawed by a large** bird of prey **in** the case of **a large bird,** then it is a *tereifa*. **This is the principle: Any** animal that was injured such **that** an animal in **a similar** condition **could not live** for an extended period is **a *tereifa*,** the consumption of which is forbidden by Torah law.


###### Mishnah Chullin 3:2
[Mishnah Chullin 3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:2)

וְאֵלּוּ כְשֵׁרוֹת בַּבְּהֵמָה. נִקְּבָה הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת אוֹ שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה. עַד כַּמָּה תֶּחְסַר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד כָּאִסָּר הָאִיטַלְקִי. נִפְחֲתָה הַגֻּלְגֹּלֶת וְלֹא נִקַּב קְרוּם שֶׁל מֹחַ, נִקַּב הַלֵּב וְלֹא לְבֵית חֲלָלוֹ, נִשְׁבְּרָה הַשִּׁדְרָה וְלֹא נִפְסַק הַחוּט שֶׁלָּהּ, נִטְּלָה הַכָּבֵד וְנִשְׁתַּיֵּר הֵימֶנָּה כַזָּיִת, הַמְסֵס וּבֵית הַכּוֹסוֹת שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, נִטַּל הַטְּחוֹל, נִטְּלוּ הַכְּלָיוֹת, נִטַּל לְחִי הַתַּחְתּוֹן, נִטַּל הָאֵם שֶׁלָּהּ, וַחֲרוּתָה בִידֵי שָׁמָיִם. הַגְּלוּדָה, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מַכְשִׁיר, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And these,** despite their condition, **are kosher in an animal:** If its **windpipe was perforated or cracked** lengthwise. **How much can** the windpipe **be missing** and still be kosher? **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Until** the perforation is the same size **as the Italian *issar*.** If **the skull was fractured but the membrane of the brain was not perforated,** it is kosher. If **the heart was perforated and** the perforation **did not** reach **its chamber,** or if **the spinal** column **was broken but its cord was not cut,** or if **the liver was removed and an olive-bulk of it remained,** it is kosher. Additionally, it is kosher if the **omasum or the reticulum was perforated one into the other.** If **the spleen was removed,** or **the kidneys were removed,** or if **its lower jaw was removed,** or if **its womb was removed, or** if its lung **shriveled by the hand of Heaven,** the animal is kosher. In the case of an animal **whose hide was removed, Rabbi Meir deems it kosher, and the Rabbis deem it** a *tereifa* and **unfit** for consumption.


###### Mishnah Chullin 3:3
[Mishnah Chullin 3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:3)

וְאֵלּוּ טְרֵפוֹת בָּעוֹף. נְקוּבַת הַוֶּשֶׁט, פְּסוּקַת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, הִכַּתָּהּ חֻלְדָּה עַל רֹאשָׁהּ, מְקוֹם שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ טְרֵפָה, נִקַּב הַקֻּרְקְבָן, נִקְּבוּ הַדַּקִּין, נָפְלָה לָאוּר וְנֶחְמְרוּ בְנֵי מֵעֶיהָ, אִם יְרֻקִּים, פְּסוּלִין. אִם אֲדֻמִּים, כְּשֵׁרִים. דְּרָסָהּ, וּטְרָפָהּ בַּכֹּתֶל, אוֹ שֶׁרִצְּצַתָּהּ בְּהֵמָה וּמְפַרְכֶּסֶת, וְשָׁהֲתָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת וּשְׁחָטָהּ, כְּשֵׁרָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And these are *tereifot* in a bird:** One with **a perforated gullet, or** with **a cut windpipe** that was cut across its width; or if **a weasel struck** the bird **on its head** in **a place that renders it a *tereifa*,** as one must be concerned that the membrane of the brain was perforated; or if **the gizzard was perforated;** or if **the small intestines were perforated.** In a case where a bird **fell into the fire and its innards were singed [*neḥmeru*], if** they turned **green** they are **unfit,** and the bird is a *tereifa*, but **if** they are **red** the bird is **kosher.** If a person **trampled** the bird, **or slammed it against a wall, or if an animal crushed it and it is twitching,** it is a *tereifa* because its limbs were shattered. **But** if the bird **lasted for** a twenty-four-hour **period, and** then **one slaughtered it,** it is **kosher.**


###### Mishnah Chullin 3:4
[Mishnah Chullin 3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:4)

וְאֵלּוּ כְשֵׁרוֹת בָּעוֹף. נִקְּבָה הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת אוֹ שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, הִכַּתָּהּ חֻלְדָּה עַל רֹאשָׁהּ, מְקוֹם שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָהּ טְרֵפָה, נִקַּב הַזֶּפֶק. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ נִטָּל. יָצְאוּ בְנֵי מֵעֶיהָ וְלֹא נִקְּבוּ, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ גַפֶּיהָ, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ רַגְלֶיהָ, נִמְרְטוּ כְנָפֶיהָ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם נִטְּלָה הַנּוֹצָה, פְּסוּלָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And these are kosher among birds:** If a bird’s **windpipe was perforated or cracked** lengthwise; or if **a weasel struck** the bird **on its head** in **a place that does not render it a *tereifa*;** or if **the crop was perforated. Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says:** It is kosher **even** if the crop **was removed.** If the bird’s **intestines emerged** from the abdominal wall **but were not perforated,** or if **its wings were broken,** or if **its legs were broken,** or if the feathers on **its wings were plucked,** the bird is kosher. **Rabbi Yehuda says: If the down** covering its body **was removed,** it is a *tereifa* and **unfit** for consumption.


###### Mishnah Chullin 3:5
[Mishnah Chullin 3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:5)

אֲחוּזַת הַדָּם, וְהַמְּעֻשֶּׁנֶת, וְהַמְצֻנֶּנֶת, וְשֶׁאָכְלָה הַרְדֻּפְנִי, וְשֶׁאָכְלָה צוֹאַת תַּרְנְגוֹלִים, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁתְתָה מַיִם הָרָעִים, כְּשֵׁרָה. אָכְלָה סַם הַמָּוֶת אוֹ שֶׁהִכִּישָׁהּ נָחָשׁ, מֻתֶּרֶת מִשּׁוּם טְרֵפָה, וַאֲסוּרָה מִשּׁוּם סַכָּנַת נְפָשׁוֹת:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to an animal that is **congested with** excess **blood, or that** was **smoked,** i.e., that suffered from smoke inhalation, **or that** was **chilled** and subsequently became sick, **or that ate oleander,** which is poisonous, **or that ate the excrement of chickens, or that drank foul water,** although in all these cases the animal is in danger, it is **kosher.** By contrast, if the animal **ate deadly poison, or** if **a snake bit** the animal, **with regard to** the prohibition of ***tereifa*,** consumption of the animal would be **permitted, but** it is **prohibited due to the threat to** one’s **life** if he eats it.


###### Mishnah Chullin 3:6
[Mishnah Chullin 3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:6)

סִימָנֵי בְהֵמָה וְחַיָּה נֶאֶמְרוּ מִן הַתּוֹרָה, וְסִימָנֵי הָעוֹף לֹא נֶאֱמָרוּ. אֲבָל אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים, כָּל עוֹף הַדּוֹרֵס, טָמֵא. כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אֶצְבַּע יְתֵרָה, וְזֶפֶק, וְקֻרְקְבָנוֹ נִקְלָף, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, כָּל עוֹף הַחוֹלֵק אֶת רַגְלָיו, טָמֵא:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The signs** that indicate that **a domesticated animal and an undomesticated animal** are kosher **were stated in the Torah, and the signs of** a kosher **bird were not** explicitly **stated. But the Sages stated** certain signs in a bird: **Any bird that claws** its prey and eats it is **non-kosher. Any** bird **that has an extra digit** behind the leg slightly elevated above the other digits, **and a crop,** which is a sack alongside the gullet in which food is stored prior to digestion, **and** for which the yellowish membrane inside **its gizzard can be peeled,** is **kosher. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says: Any bird that splits** the digits of **its feet** when standing on a string, placing two digits on one side of the string and two on the other, is **non-kosher.**


###### Mishnah Chullin 3:7
[Mishnah Chullin 3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Chullin/r/3:7)

וּבַחֲגָבִים, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ אַרְבַּע רַגְלַיִם, וְאַרְבַּע כְּנָפַיִם, וְקַרְסֻלַּיִם, וּכְנָפָיו חוֹפִין אֶת רֻבּוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, וּשְׁמוֹ חָגָב. וּבַדָּגִים, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ סְנַפִּיר וְקַשְׂקָשֶׂת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי קַשְׂקַשִּׂין וּסְנַפִּיר אֶחָד. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן קַשְׂקַשִּׂין, הַקְּבוּעִין בּוֹ. וּסְנַפִּירִין, הַפּוֹרֵחַ בָּהֶן:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And with regard to grasshoppers,** whose signs were also not stated in the Torah, the Sages stated: **Any** grasshopper **that has four legs, and four wings, and** two additional **jumping legs, and whose wings cover most of its** body, is kosher. **Rabbi Yosei says: And** this applies only if the **name** of **its** species is **grasshopper. And with regard to fish,** the signs are explicitly stated in the Torah: **Any** fish **that has a fin and a scale** is kosher; **Rabbi Yehuda says: Two scales and one fin. And these are scales:** Those **that** are **fixed to its** body; **and fins** are those **with which** the fish **swims.**