## Mishnah Eduyot Chapter 3

###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:1
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:1)

כָּל הַמְטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ, וְהִכְנִיסָן לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. כֵּיצַד. הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכִשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים מִן הַנְּבֵלָה אוֹ נוֹשְׂאָן, וּבַמֵּת, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת אוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, וּמַאֲהִיל עַל כִּשְׁנֵי חֲצָאֵי זֵיתִים, מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְכַחֲצִי זַיִת מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּכַחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, אוֹ מַאֲהִיל עַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת וְדָבָר אַחֵר מַאֲהִיל עָלָיו וְעַל כַּחֲצִי זַיִת, טָהוֹר. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אַף בָּזֶה רַבִּי דוֹסָא מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. הַכֹּל טָמֵא, חוּץ מִן הַמַּגָּע עִם הַמַּשָּׂא, וְהַמַּשָּׂא עִם הָאֹהֶל. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, טָמֵא. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, טָהוֹר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
All things that defile in a tent [i.e. anything that defiles that which is under its same roof-space], if [the pieces of the corpse] were divided and brought into the house: Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas [declares everything under the same roof-space] pure, but the Sages [declare it] impure. How so [i.e. what are they]? He who touches as much as two halves of an olive [in quantity] of an animal’s carcass or carries them; or in the case of a [human] corpse, he who touches as much as half an olive (and forms a tent over [i.e. stands over] as much as half an olive; or touches as much as half an olive) and as much as half an olive forms a tent above him; or if he forms a tent over as much as two halves of an olive; or if he forms a tent over as much as half an olive and as much as half an olive forms a tent above him: Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas [declares him] clean, and the Sages [declare him] unclean. But if he touches as much as half an olive [in quantity] and another thing forms a tent over him [that is] over as much as half an olive; (or if he forms a tent over as much as half an olive and another thing forms a tent over him and over as much as half an olive), [he is] clean [according to both Rabbi Dosa and the Sages]. Rabbi Meir said: Even in this case Rabbi Dosa [declares him] clean and the Sages [declare him] unclean. In all such cases [he is] unclean, unless there is an act of touching and also an act of carrying, or an act of carrying and also [the state of] being under the same tent. This is the general rule: [If in] whatever [case], [the means of transmitting impurity] are of one name [i.e. category], [he is] impure; if they are of two names, [he is] pure.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:2
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:2)

אֹכֶל פָּרוּד, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינַס. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִצְטָרֵף. מְחַלְּלִין מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי עַל אֲסִימוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְחַלְּלִין. מַטְבִּילִין יָדַיִם לַחַטָּאת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אִם נִטְמְאוּ יָדָיו, נִטְמָא גוּפוֹ:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Food [in] separate [pieces] does not combine [together to contract impurity]: the words of Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas. And the Sages say: It does combine. [One may] exchange [produce from] the second tithe for uncoined metal: the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: [One may] not exchange. Hands [alone must be] immersed in order to [touch] the sin-cleansing [water]: These are the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: If his hands have become impure, his body [also] becomes impure.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:3
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:3)

מְעֵי אֲבַטִּיחַ וּקְנִיבַת יָרָק שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, רַבִּי דוֹסָא מַתִּיר לְזָרִים, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת גְּזוּזוֹת מָנֶה מָנֶה וּפְרַס, חַיָּבוֹת בְּרֵאשִׁית הַגֵּז, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, חָמֵשׁ רְחֵלוֹת כָּל שֶׁהֵן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
The inside of a melon and the leaves of a vegetable [reserved] for *terumah* [the portion given to the priest]: Rabbi Dosa permits them to outsiders [i.e. non-priests], but the Sages forbid it. Five ewes, their fleeces [each] weighing a *maneh* [a measure] and a half, are obligated in [the law pertaining to] the first of the fleece: the words of Rabbi Dosa. But the Sages say five ewes, whatever [their fleeces weigh].


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:4
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:4)

כָּל הַחוֹצָלוֹת טְמֵאוֹת טְמֵא מֵת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. כָּל הַקְּלִיעוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל גַּלְגִּילוֹן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֻּלָּם טְמֵאוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל צַמָּרִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
All kinds of mattings [can become] impure through the impurity of death [i.e. contact with a corpse]: the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: [Also through] *midras* [an impurity imparted by one with an abnormal genital discharge on things upon which one normally walks]. All things made of nets are pure, except for a girdle: the words of Rabbi Dosa. And the Sages say: [They] all [can become] impure, except those [nettings used by] wool-dealers.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:5
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:5)

הַקֶּלַע שֶׁבֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁלָּהּ אָרוּג, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל עוֹר, רַבִּי דוֹסָא בֶּן הַרְכִּינָס מְטַהֵר וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. נִפְסַק בֵּית אֶצְבַּע שֶׁלָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. בֵּית הַפָּקִיעַ שֶׁלָּהּ, טְמֵאָה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
A sling, the receptacle of which is made of woven material, can become impure. [If it is made] of skin, Rabbi Dosa the son of Harkinas [declares it] pure, and the Sages [declare it can become] impure. If its finger-hold was cut off, it is pure. [If its] string-handle [is cut off], it [can become] impure.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:6
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:6)

הַשְּׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת בַּתְּרוּמָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי דוֹסָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, יֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה אוֹכֶלֶת וְיֵשׁ שְׁבוּיָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת. כֵּיצַד. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה נִשְׁבֵּיתִי וּטְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אוֹכֶלֶת, שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יֵשׁ עֵדִים שֶׁנִּשְׁבֵּית, וְהִיא אוֹמֶרֶת טְהוֹרָה אָנִי, אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
The female captive [presumably the wife or daughter of a priest] may eat *terumah*. These are the words of Rabbi Dosa. The Sages say: There are female captives who eat [*terumah*], and there are female captives who do not eat [*terumah*]. How so [i.e. who are they]? The woman who said, "I was captured, but I am pure [i.e. I was not raped]," may eat (because the mouth that forbade is the [same] mouth that permitted). If there were witnesses when she was captured and she says, "I am pure," then she may not eat [*terumah*].


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:7
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:7)

אַרְבָּעָה סְפֵקוֹת רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כֵּיצַד. הַטָּמֵא עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּהוֹר עוֹבֵר, הַטָּהוֹר עוֹמֵד וְהַטָּמֵא עוֹבֵר, טֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטָהֳרָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהֳרָה בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְטֻמְאָה בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סָפֵק הֶאֱהִיל סָפֵק לֹא הֶאֱהִיל, סָפֵק הֵסִיט סָפֵק לֹא הֵסִיט, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
There are four [cases of] doubt [that] Rabbi Joshua [declares] impure, but the Sages [declare] pure. How so [i.e. what are they]? The impure stands and the pure passes by; the pure stands and the impure passes by; the impure is in the domain of the individual [i.e. private] and the pure is in the domain of the public; the pure is in the domain of the individual and the impure is in the domain of the public. [If there is] doubt [regarding whether one] touched or did not touch [the other], [or] there is doubt [regarding whether one] formed or did not form a tent over [the other], [or] there is doubt [regarding whether one] moved or did not move [the other]: Rabbi Joshua [declares these] impure, and the Sages [declare these] pure.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:8
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:8)

שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מַסְמֵר הַשֻּׁלְחָנִי, וְאָרוֹן שֶׁל גָּרוֹסוֹת, וּמַסְמֵר שֶׁל אֶבֶן שָׁעוֹת, רַבִּי צָדוֹק מְטַמֵּא וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Three things Rabbi Tzadok [declares able to become] impure, and the Sages [declare] pure: the nail of a money-changer, the closet of grinders, and the nail of a stone sundial. Rabbi Tzadok [declares that these can become] impure, and the Sages [declare these] pure.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:9
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:9)

אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, וּתְלוֹי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, וְגָלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנָיִם. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Four things Rabban Gamliel [declares able to become] impure, and the Sages [declare] pure: the covering of a metal basket, [if it] belongs to home-owners, the hanger of a strigil, unformed metal vessels, and a [clay] plate split in two [equal parts]. The Sages admit to Rabban Gamliel regarding a [clay] plate split in two [parts if] one [part was] big and one [part was] small. The bigger one [can become] impure, and the smaller one [is] pure.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:10
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:10)

שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַחְמִיר כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. אֵין טוֹמְנִין אֶת הַחַמִּין מִיּוֹם טוֹב לְשַׁבָּת, וְאֵין זוֹקְפִין אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין אֶלָּא רְקִיקִין. אָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, מִימֵיהֶן שֶׁל בֵּית אַבָּא לֹא הָיוּ אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין אֶלָּא רְקִיקִין. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, מַה נַּעֲשֶׂה לְבֵית אָבִיךָ שֶׁהָיוּ מַחְמִירִין עַל עַצְמָן וּמְקִלִּין עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל לִהְיוֹת אוֹפִין פִּתִּין גְּרִיצִין וָחֹרִי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
[In] three things Rabban Gamliel was stringent like the words of Beit Shammai: [one may] not [keep] hot food insulated on a festival for the Sabbath, and [one may] not put together a lamp on the festival, and [one may] not bake thick loaves, only thin loaves [on a festival]. Said Rabban Gamliel: During all their days, my father's house would not bake thick loaves, only thin loaves. They said to him: What can we do about your father's house, who were stringent regarding themselves but were lenient regarding Israel to [allow] baking of thick loaves and [even] loaves on coal.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:11
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:11)

אַף הוּא אָמַר שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים לְהָקֵל. מְכַבְּדִין בֵּין הַמִּטּוֹת, וּמְנִיחִין אֶת הַמֻּגְמָר בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְעוֹשִׂים גְּדִי מְקֻלָּס בְּלֵילֵי פְסָחִים. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
He [Rabban Gamliel] also declared three things leniently: [one can] sweep between couches [on a Sabbath/festival], and place spices [to roast] on a festival, and roast a [whole] kid during the night of Passover. And the Sages forbade them.


###### Mishnah Eduyot 3:12
[Mishnah Eduyot 3:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Eduyot/r/3:12)

שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַתִּיר, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹסְרִין. פָּרָתוֹ יוֹצְאָה בִרְצוּעָה שֶׁבֵּין קַרְנֶיהָ, וּמְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְשׁוֹחֲקִין אֶת הַפִּלְפְּלִין בָּרֵחַיִם שֶׁלָּהֶן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מְקָרְדִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה חַבּוּרָה, אֲבָל מְקַרְצְפִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מְקָרְדִין אַף לֹא מְקַרְצְפִין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Three things Rabbi Elazar the son of Azariah permits, and the Sages forbid: his cow would go out with the strap that was between her horns [on a Sabbath], [one may] rigorously groom cattle on a festival, and [one may] grind pepper in its own mill [on a Sabbath/festival]. Rabbi Yehudah said: One may not rigorously groom cattle on the festival, because it creates a bruise, but one may lightly groom them. And the Sages say: One may not rigorously groom nor lightly groom [cattle].