## Mishnah Kinnim Chapter 1

###### Mishnah Kinnim 1:1
[Mishnah Kinnim 1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Kinnim/r/1:1)

חַטַּאת הָעוֹף נַעֲשֵׂית לְמַטָּה, וְחַטַּאת בְּהֵמָה לְמַעְלָה. עוֹלַת הָעוֹף נַעֲשֵׂית לְמַעְלָה, וְעוֹלַת הַבְּהֵמָה לְמַטָּה. אִם שִׁנָּה בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה, פָּסוּל. סֵדֶר קִנִּים כָּךְ הוּא. הַחוֹבָה, אֶחָד חַטָּאת וְאֶחָד עוֹלָה. בִּנְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת, כֻּלָּן עוֹלוֹת. אֵיזֶהוּ נֶדֶר, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא נְדָבָה, הָאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי זוֹ עוֹלָה. מַה בֵּין נְדָרִים לִנְדָבוֹת. אֶלָּא שֶׁהַנְּדָרִים, מֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנְבוּ, חַיָּבִים בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָם. וּנְדָבוֹת, מֵתוּ אוֹ נִגְנְבוּ, אֵין חַיָּבִים בְּאַחֲרָיוּתָן:

**Open Mishnah:**
[The blood of] a bird sin-offering is placed below [the Altar's mid-line], and [the blood of] an animal sin-offering [is placed] above [the Altar's mid-line]. [The blood of] a bird burnt-offering is placed above, and [the blood of] an animal burnt-offering [is placed] below. If he [the Kohen] altered [the service] of either one, he has invalidated it. The arrangement of the pairs of birds is as follows: [With regard to] obligatory [offering], one [bird] is a sin-offering, and one is a burnt-offering. [With regard to] vowed offerings and donated offerings, all of them [the birds] are all burnt-offerings. What is a vowed offering? One who says, "I hereby obligate myself to bring a burnt-offering." What is a donated offering? One who says, "This [bird] is hereby [sanctified as] a burnt-offering." What is the [practical] difference between vowed offerings and donated offerings? [In the case of] vowed offering, if they [the birds] died or were stolen, [the owner] is accountable for their replacement. [In the case of] a donated offering, if they [the birds] died or were stolen, [the owner] is not accountable for their replacement.


###### Mishnah Kinnim 1:2
[Mishnah Kinnim 1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Kinnim/r/1:2)

חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְעוֹלָה וְעוֹלָה בְחַטָּאת, אֲפִלּוּ אֶחָד בְּרִבּוֹא, יָמוּתוּ כֻלָּם. חַטָּאת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה. וְכֵן עוֹלָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה בְחוֹבָה, אֵין כָּשֵׁר אֶלָּא כְמִנְיַן עוֹלוֹת שֶׁבַּחוֹבָה, בֵּין שֶׁהַחוֹבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַנְּדָבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁהַנְּדָבָה מְרֻבָּה וְהַחוֹבָה מְמֻעֶטֶת, בֵּין שֶׁשְּׁתֵּיהֶן שָׁווֹת:

**Open Mishnah:**
A sin-offering [bird] that became mixed with burnt-offering [birds], or a burnt-offering [bird] that became mixed with sin-offering [birds], even if one [bird got mixed with] ten thousand [birds of another type of offering] they must all be left to die. A sin-offering that became mixed with a [pair of] obligatory [birds], only the number of sin-offerings [contained] in the obligatory [pair] are permitted [to be sacrificed]. Similarly, an burnt-offering that became mixed with with obligatory a [pair of] obligatory [birds], only the number of burnt-offerings [contained] in the obligatory [pair] are permitted [to be sacrificed]. [This is true] whether the obligatory [birds] are many and the donated are fewer, [or] whether the donated are many and the obligatory [birds] are fewer, [or] whether they are both equal.


###### Mishnah Kinnim 1:3
[Mishnah Kinnim 1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Kinnim/r/1:3)

בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּחוֹבָה וּבִנְדָבָה. אֲבָל בְּחוֹבָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה זוֹ בָזוֹ, אַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, שָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, מֶחֱצָה כָּשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָּסוּל. אַחַת לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, וְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, הַמֻּעָט כָּשֵׁר, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, בֵּין מֵאִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִשְּׁתֵּי נָשִׁים:

**Open Mishnah:**
In what [case] were these words [rules in the previous mishnah] stated? When obligatory [bird offerings] and donated [bird offerings became mixed]. But if obligatory [bird offerings] became mixed with each other, one [pair] from this one [woman] and one [pair] from this one [woman], two [pairs from this one [woman] and two [pairs] from this one [woman], three [pairs from this one [woman] and three [pairs] from this one [woman]; half are permitted [to be sacrificed] and half are invalid. [However if] this one [woman] had one [pair], and this one [woman] had two [pairs], [or] three for this one, [or] ten for this one [or] one hundred for this one, [only] the smaller number [of birds] are permitted [to be sacrificed]. Whether [they are all] from one designation or whether [they are] from two designations, [and] whether [they are all] from one woman or whether [they are] from two women.


###### Mishnah Kinnim 1:4
[Mishnah Kinnim 1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Kinnim/r/1:4)

כֵּיצַד מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, לֵידָה וְלֵידָה, זִיבָה וְזִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, לֵידָה וְזִיבָה. כֵּיצַד שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים, עַל זוֹ לֵידָה וְעַל זוֹ לֵידָה, עַל זוֹ זִיבָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה, מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד. מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, עַל זוֹ לֵידָה וְעַל זוֹ זִיבָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁלָּקְחוּ קִנֵּיהֶן בְּעֵרוּב, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתְנוּ דְמֵי קִנֵּיהֶן לַכֹּהֵן, לְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב חַטָּאת, וּלְאֵיזוֹ שֶׁיִּרְצֶה כֹהֵן יַקְרִיב עוֹלָה, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת:

**Open Mishnah:**
How is it [that two groups are brought] for one from one designation? [One pair brought for] a birth and [another pair brought for] a birth, [or for] a *zivah* [an atypical genital discharge, which renders a person impure] and another *zivah* [this is considered] from one designation. From two designations? [A pair brought for] a birth and [another brought for] a *zivah*. How is it [that two groups are brought] from two women? [A pair brought for] a birth for this one [woman] who gave birth, and [one brought for] this one ]woman] who gave birth, [or for] a *zivah* for this one [woman] and a *zivah* for the this one[woman] – [this is considered] from one designation. From two designations? [A pair brought for] a birth for one [woman] and [one brought for] a *zivah* for the other [woman]. Rabbi Yosi says: Two women who purchased their birds as a mixed group [without specifying which pair belongs to which woman], or they gave the money [to the Kohen without specifying which money is for which woman] he [the Kohen] may offer whichever pair he wants as a sin-offering and whichever pair he wants as an burnt offering. Regardless whether [they are all] from one designation or whether [they are] from two designations.