## Mishnah Menachot Chapter 12

###### Mishnah Menachot 12:1
[Mishnah Menachot 12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/12:1)

הַמְּנָחוֹת וְהַנְּסָכִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא קִדְּשָׁן בַּכְּלִי, יֶשׁ לָהֶן פִּדְיוֹן. מִשֶּׁקָּדְשׁוּ בַכְּלִי, אֵין לָהֶם פִּדְיוֹן. הָעוֹפוֹת וְהָעֵצִים וְהַלְּבוֹנָה וּכְלֵי שָׁרֵת, אֵין לָהֶם פִּדְיוֹן, שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא בְּהֵמָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **the** fine flour for **meal offerings or the** wine for **libations that became ritually impure,** as long as they **have not yet been consecrated in** a service **vessel** and assumed inherent sanctity, **their redemption** is possible. If they are redeemed, their sanctity will be transferred to the redemption money. **Once they have been consecrated in** a service **vessel** and have assumed inherent sanctity, **their redemption** is **no** longer possible, and they are burned like any other offerings that became ritually impure. With regard to consecrated **birds, wood** for the altar, **frankincense, and service vessels, once** they **became ritually impure they have no** possibility of **redemption, as redemption** of items consecrated for the altar **was stated only with regard to** a consecrated **animal** that developed a blemish, not with regard to other consecrated items.


###### Mishnah Menachot 12:2
[Mishnah Menachot 12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/12:2)

הָאוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי עָלַי בְּמַחֲבַת, וְהֵבִיא בְמַרְחֶשֶׁת, בְּמַרְחֶשֶׁת וְהֵבִיא בְמַחֲבַת, מַה שֶּׁהֵבִיא הֵבִיא, וִידֵי חוֹבָתוֹ לֹא יָצָא. זוֹ לְהָבִיא בְמַחֲבַת, וְהֵבִיא בְמַרְחֶשֶׁת, בְּמַרְחֶשֶׁת, וְהֵבִיא בְמַחֲבַת, הֲרֵי זוֹ פְסוּלָה. הֲרֵי עָלַי שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לְהָבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד, וְהֵבִיא בִשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, בִּשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, וְהֵבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד, מַה שֶּׁהֵבִיא הֵבִיא, וִידֵי חוֹבָתוֹ לֹא יָצָא. אֵלּוּ לְהָבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד, וְהֵבִיא בִשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, בִּשְׁנֵי כֵלִים וְהֵבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְסוּלִין. הֲרֵי עָלַי שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לְהָבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד וְהֵבִיא בִשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, אָמְרוּ לוֹ בִּכְלִי אֶחָד נָדָרְתָּ, הִקְרִיבָן בִּכְלִי אֶחָד, כְּשֵׁרִים, וּבִשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, פְּסוּלִין. הֲרֵי עָלַי שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרוֹנִים לְהָבִיא בִשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, וְהֵבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, בִּשְׁנֵי כֵלִים נָדָרְתָּ, הִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁנֵי כֵלִים, כְּשֵׁרִים. נְתָנוֹ בִכְלִי אֶחָד, כִּשְׁתֵּי מְנָחוֹת שֶׁנִּתְעָרָבוּ:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In the case of **one who says:** It is incumbent **upon me** to bring a meal offering prepared **in** a shallow **pan, and he brought** a meal offering prepared **in a deep pan** instead; or if he said: It is incumbent upon me to bring a meal offering prepared **in a deep pan, and he brought** a meal offering prepared **in** a shallow **pan** instead, the meal offering **that he brought, he brought** as a voluntary meal offering, **but he has not fulfilled his obligation** that he undertook with his vow and he must therefore bring another meal offering. If he said: **This** tenth of an ephah of flour is a meal offering **to bring in** a shallow **pan, and he brought** it prepared **in a deep pan** instead; or if he said: This tenth of an ephah of flour is a meal offering to bring **in a deep pan, and he brought** a meal offering prepared **in** a shallow **pan, this** offering **is not valid,** because he did not fulfill what he had stated concerning that tenth of an ephah of flour. In the case of **one who says:** It is incumbent **upon me to bring** one meal offering of **two tenths** of an ephah **in one vessel, and he** divided it and **brought** it **in two vessels,** removing a handful from each; or if he says: It is incumbent upon me to bring two tenths of an ephah for two meal offerings **in two vessels, and he brought** one meal offering of two tenths of an ephah **in one vessel** and removed one handful from it, then the meal offering **that he brought, he brought** as a voluntary meal offering, **but he has not fulfilled his obligation.** If he says: **These** two tenths of an ephah before me are a meal offering **in one vessel, and he** divided them and **brought** them **in two vessels,** removing a handful from each; or if he says: These tenths of an ephah are two meal offerings **in two vessels, and he brought** them **in one vessel,** both of **these** offerings **are not valid,** because in both cases he deviated from the number of handfuls that he vowed to remove. In the case of one who says: **It** is incumbent **upon me** to bring a meal offering of **two tenths** of an ephah **in one vessel, and he** divided them and **brought** them **in two vessels,** and others **said to him: You vowed** to bring a meal offering **in one vessel,** then if **he sacrificed** the two tenths of an ephah **in two vessels** they are **not valid** even as voluntary meal offerings, and he must bring another meal offering to fulfill his obligation. His failure to respond and explain that it was not his intention to fulfill his vow with this offering indicates that he does intend to fulfill his vow with it. Since he deviated from his vow, the offering is not valid. If he sacrificed the two tenths of an ephah **in one vessel** after he was reminded, it is **valid,** as he fulfilled his vow. Likewise, in a case where one says: **It** is incumbent **upon me** to bring two meal offerings totaling **two tenths** of an ephah **in two vessels, and he brought** it all **in one vessel,** and others **said to him: You vowed** to bring meal offerings **in two vessels,** then if **he sacrificed** the two tenths of an ephah **in two vessels** as he had originally vowed, they are **valid.** If **he placed it** all **in one vessel,** its halakhic status is **like** that of **two meal offerings that were intermingled** prior to removal of the handfuls. Therefore, if one can remove a handful from each meal offering in and of itself, they are valid. If not, they are not valid, as the Gemara explained on 23a.


###### Mishnah Menachot 12:3
[Mishnah Menachot 12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/12:3)

הֲרֵי עָלַי מִנְחָה מִן הַשְּׂעֹרִין, יָבִיא מִן הַחִטִּים. קֶמַח, יָבִיא סֹלֶת. בְּלֹא שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה, יָבִיא עִמָּהּ שֶׁמֶן וּלְבוֹנָה. חֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן, יָבִיא עִשָּׂרוֹן שָׁלֵם. עִשָּׂרוֹן וּמֶחֱצָה, יָבִיא שְׁנָיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר, שֶׁלֹּא הִתְנַדֵּב כְּדֶרֶךְ הַמִּתְנַדְּבִים:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One who says:** It is incumbent **upon me** to bring **a meal offering from barley, should bring** the meal offering **from wheat,** as voluntary meal offerings are brought exclusively from wheat. One who says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a meal offering from **flour, should bring** the meal offering from **fine flour,** as it is written: “His offering shall be of fine flour” (Leviticus 2:1). If one vows to bring a meal offering **without oil and without frankincense, he should bring** it with **oil and frankincense,** as voluntary meal offerings require oil and frankincense. If one vows to bring as a meal offering **half a tenth** of an ephah, **he should bring a complete tenth** of an ephah, the minimum measure of a voluntary meal offering. If one vows to bring a meal offering of **a tenth and a half** an ephah, **he should bring two** tenths, as there are no partial tenths of an ephah brought in meal offerings. **Rabbi Shimon deems** one **exempt** from bringing a meal offering in all these cases. This is because the vow does not take effect, **as he did not pledge in the manner of those who pledge.**


###### Mishnah Menachot 12:4
[Mishnah Menachot 12:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/12:4)

מִתְנַדֵּב אָדָם מִנְחָה שֶׁל שִׁשִּׁים עִשָּׂרוֹן, וּמֵבִיא בִכְלִי אֶחָד. אִם אָמַר הֲרֵי עָלַי שִׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד, מֵבִיא שִׁשִּׁים בִּכְלִי אֶחָד וְאֶחָד בִּכְלִי אֶחָד, שֶׁכֵּן צִבּוּר מֵבִיא בְיוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת שִׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד. דַּיּוֹ לַיָּחִיד שֶׁיְּהֵא פָחוֹת מִן הַצִּבּוּר אֶחָד. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וַהֲלֹא אֵלּוּ לַפָּרִים, וְאֵלּוּ לַכְּבָשִׂים, וְאֵינָם נִבְלָלִים זֶה עִם זֶה. אֶלָּא, עַד שִׁשִּׁים יְכוֹלִים לְהִבָּלֵל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, שִׁשִּׁים נִבְלָלִים, שִׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד אֵין נִבְלָלִים. אָמַר לָהֶן, כָּל מִדּוֹת חֲכָמִים כֵּן. בְּאַרְבָּעִים סְאָה הוּא טוֹבֵל, בְּאַרְבָּעִים סְאָה חָסֵר קֻרְטוֹב אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְבֹּל בָּהֶן. אֵין מִתְנַדְּבִים לֹג, שְׁנַיִם, וַחֲמִשָּׁה, אֲבָל מִתְנַדְּבִים שְׁלשָׁה וְאַרְבָּעָה וְשִׁשָּׁה, וּמִשִּׁשָּׁה וּלְמָעְלָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A person** may **pledge a meal offering of sixty tenths** of an ephah of fine flour, **and bring** all sixty tenths **in one vessel. If he says: It** is incumbent **upon me** to bring **sixty tenths** of an ephah, **he brings it in one vessel. If he says: It** is incumbent **upon me** to bring **sixty-one** tenths of an ephah, **he brings sixty** tenths **in one vessel and one** tenth **in another vessel, as** the greatest number of tenths of an ephah that **the community brings** as meal offerings in one day is **on the first festival day of *Sukkot* when** it **occurs on Shabbat,** when **sixty-one** tenths of an ephah of fine flour are brought. It **is sufficient for an individual that** the maximum amount he can bring at once is **one** tenth of an ephah **less than** that of **the community.** When the first day of *Sukkot* occurs on Shabbat, thirteen bulls, two goats, and fourteen lambs are sacrificed as the additional offerings of *Sukkot*, two lambs are sacrificed as the daily offerings, and two lambs are sacrificed as the additional offering of Shabbat. Three tenths of an ephah are brought for each bull, two tenths for each goat, and a tenth for each lamb. Altogether, that is sixty-one tenths of an ephah. **Rabbi Shimon says:** What is the relevance of the tenths of an ephah sacrificed on *Sukkot* that occurs on Shabbat? **Aren’t these** meal offerings **for bulls and those for lambs, and they are not mixed with each other** (see 89a)? **Rather,** the reason that one may not bring more than sixty tenths of an ephah in one vessel is because **up to sixty** tenths of fine flour can **be mixed** with one *log* of oil. The Rabbis **said to him:** Is it so that **sixty** tenths of flour **can be mixed** with a *log* of oil, **but sixty-one** tenths **cannot be mixed?** Rabbi Shimon **said to them: All the measures of the Sages** are **so:** For example, **in** a ritual bath containing **forty *se’a*** of water, **one immerses** for purification, **and in** a ritual bath with **forty *se’a* less** the small measure of **a *kortov*, one cannot immerse in it** for purification. **One does not pledge** a libation of one ***log*, two** *log*, **or five** *log* of wine, because there are no existing libations with those measures of wine. **But one pledges** a libation of **three** *log*, which is the measure of wine brought with a lamb, **or four** *log*, which is the measure of wine brought with a ram, **or six** *log*, which is the measure of wine brought with a bull. **And** one may pledge a libation of **six** *log* **and beyond,** as any greater amount can be composed of combinations of these three.


###### Mishnah Menachot 12:5
[Mishnah Menachot 12:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/12:5)

מִתְנַדְּבִים יַיִן, וְאֵין מִתְנַדְּבִים שֶׁמֶן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִתְנַדְּבִים שָׁמֶן. אָמַר רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן, מַה מָּצִינוּ בַיַּיִן שֶׁבָּא חוֹבָה וּבָא נְדָבָה, אַף הַשֶּׁמֶן בָּא חוֹבָה וּבָא נְדָבָה. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, לֹא, אִם אָמַרְתָּ בַיַּיִן שֶׁכֵּן הוּא קָרֵב חוֹבָתוֹ בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, תֹּאמַר בַּשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָרֵב חוֹבָתוֹ בִפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. אֵין שְׁנַיִם מִתְנַדְּבִים עִשָּׂרוֹן אֶחָד, אֲבָל מִתְנַדְּבִים עוֹלָה וּשְׁלָמִים. וּבָעוֹף, אֲפִלּוּ פְרִידָה אֶחָת:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One may pledge** to bring independent libations of **wine, but one may not pledge oil** alone; this is **the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Tarfon says: One may pledge oil** as well. **Rabbi Tarfon said: Just as we found that wine comes** as **an obligation and comes** as **a gift offering** independent of any offering, **so too,** we find **that oil comes** as **an obligation and comes** as **a gift** offering. **Rabbi Akiva said to him: No, if you said** that this is true **with regard to wine, as** it is **sacrificed with its obligatory** offering **by itself, shall you** also **say** that this is also the case **with regard to oil, which is never sacrificed with its obligatory** offering **by itself but only** mixed with the flour? The mishna concludes with a ruling concerning a voluntary meal offering: **Two** people **do not pledge** a meal offering of **a tenth** of an ephah as partners, **but they may pledge a burnt offering and a peace offering. And** they may pledge to bring even **an individual bird,** not only a pair.