## Mishnah Menachot Chapter 9

###### Mishnah Menachot 9:1
[Mishnah Menachot 9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:1)

שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת שֶׁל יָבֵשׁ הָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, עִשָּׂרוֹן, וַחֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עִשָּׂרוֹן, עִשָּׂרוֹן, וַחֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן. עִשָּׂרוֹן מֶה הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ, שֶׁבּוֹ הָיָה מוֹדֵד לְכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת. לֹא הָיָה מוֹדֵד, לֹא בְשֶׁל שְׁלשָׁה לְפַר, וְלֹא בְשֶׁל שְׁנַיִם לְאַיִל, אֶלָּא מוֹדְדָן עֶשְׂרוֹנוֹת. חֲצִי עִשָּׂרוֹן מֶה הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ, שֶׁבּוֹ הָיָה מוֹדֵד חֲבִתֵּי כֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, מֶחֱצָה בַּבֹּקֶר וּמֶחֱצָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Two** sizes of **measuring vessels for dry** substances **were** used **in the Temple** for measuring flour for the meal offerings. One held **a tenth** of an ephah **and** the other held **one-half of a tenth** of an ephah. **Rabbi Meir says:** There were three measuring vessels; one that held **a tenth** of an ephah, another one that also held **a tenth** of an ephah, **and** a third one that held **one**-**half of a tenth** of an ephah. **What** purpose **did** the **tenth** of an ephah measuring vessel **serve?** It was the vessel **with which one would measure** flour **for all the meal offerings. One would not measure** the flour by using a measuring vessel of a size that held the entire volume of flour required at once, i.e., **neither with** a vessel of **three-**tenths of an ephah **for** the meal offering accompanying the sacrifice of **a bull, nor with** a vessel of **two**-tenths of an ephah **for** the meal offering accompanying the sacrifice of **a ram. Rather, one measures** the flour for **them** by repeatedly using the tenth of an ephah measuring vessel to measure the required number of **tenths.** **What** purpose **did** the **one**-**half of a tenth** of an ephah measuring vessel **serve?** It was the vessel **with which one would measure** the flour for the **High Priest’s griddle-cake** offering. A tenth of an ephah was required each day; he sacrificed **half** of it **in the morning and** the other **half** of it **in the afternoon.**


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:2
[Mishnah Menachot 9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:2)

שֶׁבַע מִדּוֹת שֶׁל לַח הָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ. הִין, וַחֲצִי הַהִין, וּשְׁלִישִׁית הַהִין, וּרְבִיעִית הַהִין, לֹג, וַחֲצִי לֹג, וּרְבִיעִית לֹג. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, שְׁנָתוֹת הָיוּ בַהִין, עַד כָּאן לְפַר, עַד כָּאן לְאַיִל, עַד כָּאן לְכֶבֶשׂ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא הָיָה שָׁם הִין, וְכִי מֶה הָיָה הַהִין מְשַׁמֵּשׁ. אֶלָּא מִדָּה יְתֵרָה שֶׁל לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה הָיְתָה, שֶׁבָּהּ הָיָה מוֹדֵד לְמִנְחַת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה בַּבֹּקֶר וְלֹג וּמֶחֱצָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**There were seven measuring vessels for liquids in the Temple.** There was a vessel of one ***hin*,** i.e., twelve *log*. Three vessels were used to measure the oil and wine for the meal offerings and libations that accompanied the sacrifice of an animal. For a bull there was a vessel of **one**-**half of a *hin*,** i.e., six *log*; **and** for a ram there was one of **one-third of a *hin*,** i.e., four *log*; **and** for a lamb there was one of **one-quarter of a *hin*,** i.e., three *log*. In addition, there was a vessel that held one ***log*** to measure the oil for all standard meal offerings; **and** another one that held **one**-**half of a *log*** for measuring the water used in the rite of a woman suspected by her husband of having been unfaithful [*sota*] and also for the oil used in the loaves accompanying the thanks offering (see 88a); **and** another one that held **one-quarter of a *log*** for measuring the water used in the purification of a leper and also for the oil used in the wafers and loaves that the nazirite brings on the day that his term of naziriteship ends. **Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says:** It was not necessary to have several vessels of different sizes; rather, **there were graduations [*shenatot*] on** the vessel that held one ***hin*** indicating that **until here** is the quantity needed **for the bull, and until here** is the quantity needed **for the ram,** and **until here** is the quantity needed **for the lamb.** **Rabbi Shimon says: There was no** vessel **there** in the Temple that held one ***hin*, as what** purpose **could** a one**-hin** vessel **serve?** That volume of liquid was never used in an offering. **Rather, there was an additional measuring vessel of one and a half *log* there,** in the Temple, which completed the tally of seven vessels, **with which one would measure** the oil used **for the** griddle-cake **meal offering of the High Priest; one and a half *log*** were used **in the morning and one and a half *log* in the afternoon.**


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:3
[Mishnah Menachot 9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:3)

רְבִיעִית מֶה הָיְתָה מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת. רְבִיעִית מַיִם לִמְצֹרָע, וּרְבִיעִית שֶׁמֶן לְנָזִיר. חֲצִי לֹג מֶה הָיָה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ. חֲצִי לֹג מַיִם לְסוֹטָה. וַחֲצִי לֹג שֶׁמֶן לְתוֹדָה. וּבַלֹּג הָיָה מוֹדֵד לְכָל הַמְּנָחוֹת. אֲפִלּוּ מִנְחָה שֶׁל שִׁשִּׁים עִשָּׂרוֹן, נוֹתֵן לָהּ שִׁשִּׁים לֹג. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ מִנְחָה שֶׁל שִׁשִּׁים עִשָּׂרוֹן, אֵין לָהּ אֶלָּא לֻגָּהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יד), לְמִנְחָה וְלֹג שָׁמֶן. שִׁשָּׁה לְפַר, אַרְבָּעָה לְאַיִל, שְׁלשָׁה לְכֶבֶשׂ, שְׁלשָׁה וּמֶחֱצָה לַמְּנוֹרָה, מֵחֲצִי לֹג לְכָל נֵר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What** purpose **did** the **quarter-***log* measuring vessel **serve?** It was used to measure **a quarter-***log* **of water for** the purification of **the leper, and a quarter-***log* **of oil for** the wafers and loaves that **the nazirite** brings on the day that his term of naziriteship ends. **What** purpose **did** the **half**-*log* measuring vessel **serve?** It was used to measure **a half-***log* **of water for** the rite of **the *sota* and a half-***log* **of oil for** the three types of loaves of *matza* accompanying **the thanks offering.** **And with** the vessel of one ***log*, one would measure** the oil **for all the** standard **meal offerings.** Each tenth of an ephah of flour requires one *log* of oil. Accordingly, **even** if one brings **a meal offering of sixty tenths** of an ephah of flour, **one adds to it sixty *log*** of oil. **Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says:** Each meal offering, irrespective of its volume, **even a meal offering of sixty tenths** of an ephah of flour, requires **only its** single ***log*** of oil, **as it is stated** with regard to the offering brought by a poor leper on the day of his purification: “And a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil **for a meal offering, and a *log* of oil”** (Leviticus 14:21). The juxtaposition of “a meal offering” with “a *log* of oil” teaches a principle for all meal offerings: Each offering requires only one *log* of oil. The mishna lists the quantities of oil and wine that were required for the meal offerings and libations that accompanied the sacrifice of an animal. **Six** *log*, i.e., one**-**half of a *hin*, **for** those of **a bull; and four** *log*, i.e., one-third of a *hin*, **for** those of **a ram; and three** *log*, i.e., one-quarter of a *hin*, **for** those of **a lamb.** In addition, **three and a half** *log* of oil were required **for the Candelabrum,** as there were seven lamps and **a half-*log*** was required **for each lamp.**


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:4
[Mishnah Menachot 9:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:4)

מְעָרְבִין נִסְכֵּי אֵילִים בְּנִסְכֵּי פָרִים, נִסְכֵּי כְבָשִׂים בְּנִסְכֵּי כְבָשִׂים, שֶׁל יָחִיד בְּשֶׁל צִבּוּר, שֶׁל יוֹם בְּשֶׁל אָמֶשׁ. אֲבָל אֵין מְעָרְבִין נִסְכֵּי כְבָשִׂים בְּנִסְכֵּי פָרִים וְאֵילִים. וְאִם בְּלָלָן אֵלּוּ בִפְנֵי עַצְמָן וְאֵלּוּ בִפְנֵי עַצְמָן, וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, כְּשֵׁרִין. אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָלַל, פָּסוּל. הַכֶּבֶשׂ הַבָּא עִם הָעֹמֶר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּנְחָתוֹ כְפוּלָה, לֹא הָיוּ נְסָכָיו כְּפוּלִין:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Many animal offerings are brought together with a meal offering and a wine libation. These additions are collectively referred to as libations. **One may mix together the libations of bulls with the libations of rams;** the meal offerings may be mixed as they both share the same ratio of flour to oil, i.e., two *log* of oil for each tenth of an ephah of flour. Likewise, one may mix together **the libations of lambs with the libations of** other **lambs,** as the meal offerings both share the same ratio of three *log* of oil for each tenth of an ephah of flour. And one may mix together the libations **of** the offering of **an individual with** those **of a communal** offering. And one may mix together the libations **of** an offering brought on one **day with** those **of the day before,** if the meal offerings have the same ratio of oil to flour. **But one may not mix together the libations of lambs with the libations of bulls or** the libations of **rams,** as the meal offerings have different ratios of oil to flour. **And** nevertheless, **if one intermingled** the flour and oil of **these** lamb offerings **by themselves and** the flour and oil of **these** bull or ram offerings **by themselves, and** only then **were they mixed together,** then they remain **fit** to be sacrificed. **If** they were mixed together **before** the oil and flour of each offering **were** independently **intermingled** to form the meal offering, then they are **disqualified.** With regard to **the lamb** offering **that comes with the *omer*** meal offering, which is accompanied by another meal offering and a wine libation, **even though** the quantity of flour used in **its meal offering is doubled,** i.e., one uses twice the amount that is generally used for meal offerings that accompany the sacrifice of a lamb, **its** oil and wine **libations were not doubled;** rather, three *log* of oil and three *log* of wine were used, per the standard quantities used for a lamb.


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:5
[Mishnah Menachot 9:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:5)

כָּל הַמִּדּוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ בַמִּקְדָּשׁ, הָיוּ נִגְדָּשׁוֹת, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, שֶׁהָיָה גוֹדְשָׁהּ לְתוֹכָהּ. מִדּוֹת הַלַּח, בֵּרוּצֵיהֶן קֹדֶשׁ. וּמִדּוֹת הַיָּבֵשׁ, בֵּרוּצֵיהֶן חֹל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִדּוֹת הַלַּח קֹדֶשׁ, לְפִיכָךְ בֵּרוּצֵיהֶן קֹדֶשׁ. וּמִדּוֹת הַיָּבֵשׁ חֹל, לְפִיכָךְ בֵּרוּצֵיהֶן חֹל. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, לֹא מִשּׁוּם זֶה, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַלַּח נֶעְכָּר, וְהַיָּבֵשׁ אֵינוֹ נֶעְכָּר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**All measuring vessels that were in the Temple were** such that they held the volume that they measured when their contents were **heaped** above the rim, **except for** the measuring vessel used to measure the flour for the griddle-cake offering **of the High Priest, as its heaped** measure, i.e., the quantity of flour held by a tenth of an ephah measuring vessel when heaped, **was contained within its** walls when the flour was leveled with the rim. This was due to the fact that the measuring vessel for the griddle-cake offering was slightly larger than the tenth of an ephah measuring vessel. With regard to **measuring vessels for liquids, their overflows,** i.e., that which flows onto the outside of vessel’s walls, **are sacred, but** with regard to **measuring vessels for dry** substances, **their overflows are non-sacred.** **Rabbi Akiva says** that the reason for this difference is that since the **measuring vessels for liquids** are themselves **sacred, therefore their overflows are sacred,** and since the **measuring vessels for dry** substances are **non-sacred, therefore their overflows are non-sacred. Rabbi Yosei says:** The difference is **not due to that** factor. **Rather,** it is **because the** overflow of **liquid** was originally inside the vessel, where it became consecrated, and **was** then **displaced,** whereas **the** overflow of **a dry** substance **was not displaced** from inside the vessel, so it had not become consecrated.


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:6
[Mishnah Menachot 9:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:6)

כָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר וְהַיָּחִיד טְעוּנִין נְסָכִים, חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַפֶּסַח וְהַחַטָּאת וְהָאָשָׁם, אֶלָּא שֶׁחַטָּאתוֹ שֶׁל מְצֹרָע וַאֲשָׁמוֹ טְעוּנִים נְסָכִים:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**All offerings,** whether **communal or individual, require libations,** i.e., a meal offering and a wine libation, **except for the firstborn** offering, **the** animal **tithe** offering, **the Paschal offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering,** with which libations are not brought. **But** the exception to this exception is **that** the **sin offering of a leper and his guilt offering** do **require libations.**


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:7
[Mishnah Menachot 9:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:7)

כָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר אֵין בָּהֶם סְמִיכָה, חוּץ מִן הַפַּר הַבָּא עַל כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת, וְשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף שְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. כָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד טְעוּנִים סְמִיכָה, חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַפָּסַח. וְהַיּוֹרֵשׁ סוֹמֵךְ וּמֵבִיא נְסָכִים וּמֵמִיר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
For **all communal offerings there is no** mitzva of **placing hands** on the head of the offering, **except for the bull that comes** to atone **for** a community-wide violation of **any** one **of the mitzvot** that was perpetrated due to an erroneous ruling of the Sanhedrin, where the judges of the Sanhedrin are required to place their hands upon its head (see Leviticus 4:13–21); **and the scapegoat** brought on Yom Kippur, upon which the High Priest places his hands (see Leviticus, chapter 16). **Rabbi Shimon says: Also** in the case of the **goat** that comes to atone for a community-wide perpetration of **idol worship** that occurred due to an erroneous ruling of the Sanhedrin, the judges of the Sanhedrin are required to place their hands upon its head (see Numbers 15:22–26). **All offerings of an individual require placing hands, except for the firstborn** offering, **the** animal **tithe** offering, **and the Paschal offering.** The mitzva of placing hands is performed by the owner of the offering. The mishna adds: **And** if the owner died, then **the heir** is regarded as the offering’s owner and so he **places** his **hands** on the offering **and brings** the accompanying **libations. And** furthermore, **he can substitute** a non-sacred animal for it. Although it is prohibited to perform an act of substitution, if the owner of an offering does this, his attempt is successful to the extent that the non-sacred animal is thereby consecrated, even though the original offering also remains sacred.


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:8
[Mishnah Menachot 9:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:8)

הַכֹּל סוֹמְכִין, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה, וְקָטָן, סוּמָא, וְנָכְרִי, וְהָעֶבֶד, וְהַשָּׁלִיחַ, וְהָאִשָּׁה. וּסְמִיכָה, שְׁיָרֵי מִצְוָה, עַל הָרֹאשׁ, בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיִם. וּבִמְקוֹם שֶׁסּוֹמְכִין שׁוֹחֲטִין, וְתֵכֶף לַסְּמִיכָה שְׁחִיטָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Everyone** who brings an animal offering **places hands** upon its head, **except for a deaf-mute, an imbecile, a minor, a blind person, a gentile,** a Canaanite **slave, the agent** of the owner of the offering who brings the offering on the owner’s behalf, **and a woman.** **And** the requirement of **placing hands is a non-essential mitzva;** therefore, failure to place hands does not prevent the owner from achieving atonement. The rite of placing hands is performed by leaning **on the head** of the offering **with two hands. And in the** same **location** in the Temple **that one places hands, one slaughters** the animal. **And immediately following** the rite of **placing hands,** the **slaughter** is performed.


###### Mishnah Menachot 9:9
[Mishnah Menachot 9:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Menachot/r/9:9)

חֹמֶר בַּסְּמִיכָה מִבַּתְּנוּפָה וּבַתְּנוּפָה מִבַּסְּמִיכָה, שֶׁאֶחָד מֵנִיף לְכָל הַחֲבֵרִים וְאֵין אֶחָד סוֹמֵךְ לְכָל הַחֲבֵרִים. וְחֹמֶר בַּתְּנוּפָה, שֶׁהַתְּנוּפָה נוֹהֶגֶת בְּקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד וּבְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר, בַּחַיִּים וּבַשְּׁחוּטִין, בְּדָבָר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּסְּמִיכָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
There is an aspect of greater **stringency with regard to placing hands than** there is **with regard to waving, and** there is an aspect of greater stringency **with regard to waving than** there is **with regard to placing hands.** The stringency with regard to placing hands is **that** if several people are partners in bringing an offering, **one** of them **waves** the offering **on behalf of all the** other **partners, but one cannot** fulfill the requirement of placing hands if he alone **places hands on behalf of all the** other **partners;** rather, each member must place hands himself. **The stringency with regard to waving** is **that waving is practiced in** the cases of both **offerings of an individual,** e.g., peace offerings, where the breast and thigh and sacrificial portions are waved, **and in** the cases of **communal offerings,** e.g., the two lambs sacrificed on *Shavuot*, which are waved together with the two loaves; and it is practiced both **in** the cases of offerings when they are **alive,** e.g., the guilt offering of a leper and the lambs of *Shavuot*, **and in** the cases of offerings after they are **slaughtered,** e.g., the breast and thigh. By contrast, placing hands is practiced with a live animal. A further stringency is that waving is practiced both **in** the case of **an item in which there is a living spirit,** i.e., an animal offering, **and in** the case of **an item in which there is not a living spirit,** e.g., the *omer* offering, the *sota* meal offering, and the loaves accompanying a thanks offering and the ram of the nazirite, whereas placing hands is only ever performed upon living beings.