## Mishnah Oktzin Chapter 1

###### Mishnah Oktzin 1:1
[Mishnah Oktzin 1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:1)

כֹּל שֶׁהוּא יָד וְלֹא שׁוֹמֵר, מִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא וְלֹא מִצְטָרֵף. שׁוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָד, מִטַּמֵּא וּמְטַמֵּא וּמִצְטָרֵף. לֹא שׁוֹמֵר וְלֹא יָד, לֹא מִטַּמֵּא וְלֹא מְטַמֵּא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Any part [of a food] that serves as a handle but does not preserve [the food] can be rendered impure, and can render impurity, but cannot be joined together [with the rest of the food to be counted towards the minimal measure required to render impurity]. Something that preserves [the food], even if it does not serve as a handle, can be rendered impure, and renders impurity, and can be joined together [with the rest of the fruit to be counted towards the measure for impurity]. Something that neither preserves [the food] nor serves as a handle cannot be rendered impure, nor can it render impurity.


###### Mishnah Oktzin 1:2
[Mishnah Oktzin 1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:2)

שָׁרְשֵׁי הַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים וְהַקַּפְלוֹטוֹת בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן לַחִין, וְהַפִּטְמָא שֶׁלָּהֶן בֵּין לַחָה בֵּין יְבֵשָׁה, וְהָעַמּוּד שֶׁהוּא מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל, שָׁרְשֵׁי הַחֲזָרִים וְהַצְּנוֹן וְהַנָּפוּס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֹׁרֶשׁ צְנוֹן גָּדוֹל מִצְטָרֵף, וְהַסִּיב שֶׁלּוֹ, אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף. שָׁרְשֵׁי הַמִּתְנָא וְהַפֵּיגָם וְיַרְקוֹת שָׂדֶה וְיַרְקוֹת גִּנָּה שֶׁעֲקָרָן לְשָׁתְלָן, וְהַשִּׁדְרָה שֶׁל שִׁבֹּלֶת וְהַלְּבוּשׁ שֶׁלָּהּ, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַסִּיג שֶׁל רְצָפוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִים וּמִצְטָרְפִין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
[The following are considered to be parts of a food that serve to preserve it, and therefore can be joined together with the food to be counted towards the measure for impurity:] the roots of garlic and onions and leeks, when they are damp; their stems, whether they are damp or dry; and [the parts of] their stalks which do not have food opposite them; [and] the roots of lettuce and radish and turnip, according to Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: the large root of a radish can be joined together [with the rest of it to be counted towards the minimal measure to render impurity], but its fibers cannot be joined together [with it, to count towards the measure]. Roots of mint, and of rue, and field vegetables, and garden vegetables which were uprooted to be replanted, and a stalk of a grain, and its husks [are considered to be parts of food that preserve it]. Rabbi Elazar says: even the cobweb-like waste on the roots, all of these can thereby be rendered impure, and render impurity, and can be joined together [with the rest of the food to be countered towards the measure for rendering impurity].


###### Mishnah Oktzin 1:3
[Mishnah Oktzin 1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:3)

אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפִין. שָׁרְשֵׁי הַשּׁוּם וְהַבְּצָלִים וְהַקַּפְלוֹטוֹת בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵם יְבֵשִׁים, וְהָעַמּוּד שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְכֻוָּן כְּנֶגֶד הָאֹכֶל, וְיַד הַפַּרְכִּיל טֶפַח מִכָּאן וְטֶפַח מִכָּאן, יַד הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וְזָנָב שֶׁל אֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁרִקְּנוֹ, וְיַד הַמַּכְבֵּד שֶׁל תְּמָרָה אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים, וְקָנֶה שֶׁל שִׁבֹּלֶת שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, וְיַד כָּל הַנִּקְצָרִים שְׁלשָׁה, וְשֶׁאֵין דַּרְכָּן לִקָּצֵר יְדֵיהֶם וְשָׁרְשֵׁיהֶם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וּמַלְעִין שֶׁל שִׁבֳּלִין, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִים וּמְטַמְּאִין וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפִין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
The following [serve as handles for foods and therefore] can be rendered impure, and can render impurity, and cannot be joined together [to count towards the measure for food to render impurity]: the roots of garlic and of onions and of leeks when they are dry; and [the parts of] their stalks which do not have food opposite them; and the [branch which functions as a] handle for a grapevine, [not more than] a handsbreadth on either side; and the [stem which functions as a] handle for a cluster of grapes, which can be any size; and [so too regarding] the tail of a cluster of grapes which was emptied [of grapes]; and the handle of a date palm branch, fourth handbreadths; and a stalk of grain, three handsbreadths; and handles for any crop that is cut [for harvesting], three [handsbreadths]; and regarding those crops which it is not their way to be cut [for harvesting], their handles and their roots may be of any measure; and the fibers of a stalk [of grain]. These things can thereby be rendered impure, and can render impurity, and cannot be joined together [with the food to count towards the measure for impurity].


###### Mishnah Oktzin 1:4
[Mishnah Oktzin 1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:4)

אֵלּוּ לֹא מִטַּמְּאִין וְלֹא מְטַמְּאִין וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפִין. שָׁרְשֵׁי קוֹלְסֵי הַכְּרוּב, וְחֻלְפוֹת תְּרָדִים, וְהַלֶּפֶת, אֵת שֶׁדַּרְכָּם לִגָּזֵז וְנֶעֱקְרוּ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא בְכֻלָּן וּמְטַהֵר בְּשָׁרְשֵׁי קוֹלְסֵי הַכְּרוּב וְהַלָּפֶת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
The following [serve neither to protect foods nor as handles and they therefore] can neither be rendered impure, nor render impurity, nor join together [to count towards the measure for impurity]: the roots of cabbage-stalks, and of beet shoots, and of turnips, [and, regarding all other produce,] those which are regularly cut off [leaving their roots,] but which were uprooted. Rabbi Yose considers them all [susceptible to being rendered] impure, but he considers cabbage-stalks and turnips pure [i.e. insusceptible to being rendered impure].


###### Mishnah Oktzin 1:5
[Mishnah Oktzin 1:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:5)

כָּל יְדוֹת הָאֳכָלִין שֶׁבְּסָסָן בַּגֹּרֶן, טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא. פְּסִיגָה שֶׁל אֶשְׁכּוֹל שֶׁרִקְּנָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. שִׁיֵּר בָּהּ גַּרְגִּיר אֶחָד, טְמֵאָה. שַׁרְבִיט שֶׁל תְּמָרָה שֶׁרִקְּנוֹ, טָהוֹר. שִׁיֵּר בּוֹ תְּמָרָה אַחַת, טָמֵא. וְכֵן בַּקִּטְנִיּוֹת, שַׁרְבִיט שֶׁרִקְּנוֹ, טָהוֹר. שִׁיֵּר בּוֹ גַּרְגִּיר אֶחָד, טָמֵא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל פּוֹל וּמְטַמֵּא בְּשֶׁל קִטְנִיּוֹת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה בְּמִשְׁמוּשָׁן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Regarding [parts of foods that serve as] handles for all foods, if one threshed them on the threshing-floor, they are pure [i.e. are no longer considered to be handles, and thus not susceptible to impurity]. Rabbi Yose considers them impure [i.e. susceptible to impurity]. A sprig of a cluster of grapes which was emptied [of grapes] is pure; but if one left a remainer of [even] one grape on it, it is impure. A stem of a date palm which was emptied [of dates] is pure; but if one left a remainder of [even] one date, it is impure. And so too regarding beans, a stem which was emptied is pure; and if one left a remainder of even one bean, it is impure. Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria considers the broad bean to be pure, but he considered [stalks] of [regular] beans to be impure, since one desires its use [i.e. one can use the empty stem in some capacity].


###### Mishnah Oktzin 1:6
[Mishnah Oktzin 1:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Oktzin/r/1:6)

עֳקָצֵי תְאֵנִים וּגְרוֹגָרוֹת וְהַכְּלוּסִים וְהֶחָרוּבִים, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין וּמִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף עֹקֶץ דְּלָעַת. עֳקָצֵי הָאַגָּסִין וְהַקְּרֻסְטְמֵלִין וְהַפְּרִישִׁין וְהָעֻזְרָדִין, עֹקֶץ דְּלַעַת טֶפַח, עֹקֶץ קוּנְרָס טֶפַח, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, טְפָחַיִם, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפִים. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הָעֳקָצִים, לֹא מִטַּמְּאִין וְלֹא מְטַמְּאִין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Stems of figs, and of dried figs, and of klusim fruit [i.e. a species of figs, perhaps], and of carobs can be rendered impure, and can render impurity, and can join together [with the food to count towards the measure for impurity]. Rabbi Yose says: even the stem of a gourd. Regarding stems of pears, and of wild pears, and of quinces, and of crab-apples; and a handsbreadth of the stem of a gourd; and a handsbreadth of the stem of the artichoke if it is one handbreadth; and Rabbi Elazar bar Tzaddok says: if they are two handbreadths; all these can be rendered impure, and render impurity, and do not join together [with the food to count towards the measure for impurity]. And all other stems can neither be rendered impure, nor can they render impurity.