## Mishnah Zevachim Chapter 14

###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:1
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:1)

פָּרַת חַטָּאת שֶׁשְּׂרָפָהּ חוּץ מִגִּתָּהּ, וְכֵן שָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ שֶׁהִקְרִיבוֹ בַחוּץ, פָּטוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יז), וְאֶל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד לֹא הֱבִיאוֹ. כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לָבֹא אֶל פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **the** red **heifer of purification that one burned outside its pit,** the pit being an excavation on the Mount of Olives opposite the entrance to the Sanctuary designated for its slaughter and its burning, **and likewise the scapegoat that one sacrificed outside** the Temple courtyard rather than casting it off a cliff as prescribed, he is **exempt** from punishment for violating the transgression of slaughtering and sacrificing outside the Temple courtyard. The source for this is **as it is stated** with regard to slaughter of sacrificial animals outside the courtyard: “Whatever man…that slaughters outside the camp, **and to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting he did not bring it,** to present it as an offering to the Lord before the Tabernacle of the Lord” (Leviticus 17:3–4). From that verse it is derived: For **any** offering **that is not fit to come to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting** for sacrifice on the altar, e.g., the red heifer and the scapegoat, **one is not liable for its** slaughter and sacrifice outside its place.


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:2
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:2)

הָרוֹבֵעַ, וְהַנִּרְבָּע, וְהַמֻּקְצֶה, וְהַנֶּעֱבָד, וְהָאֶתְנָן, וְהַמְּחִיר, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַטְּרֵפָה, וְיוֹצֵא דֹפֶן, שֶׁהִקְרִיבָן בַּחוּץ, פָּטוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יז), לִפְנֵי מִשְׁכַּן ה', כֹּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ רָאוּי לָבֹא לִפְנֵי מִשְׁכַּן ה', אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו. בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין קְבוּעִים, בֵּין בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין עוֹבְרִים, שֶׁהִקְרִיבָן בַּחוּץ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין קְבוּעִים, פָּטוּר, וּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין עוֹבְרִין, עוֹבְרִין בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. תּוֹרִים שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ זְמַנָּן וּבְנֵי יוֹנָה שֶׁעָבַר זְמַנָּן, שֶׁהִקְרִיבָן בַּחוּץ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּנֵי יוֹנָה שֶׁעָבַר זְמַנָּן, פָּטוּר. וְתוֹרִים שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעַ זְמַנָּן, בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. אוֹתוֹ וְאֶת בְּנוֹ וּמְחֻסַּר זְמָן, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה בְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לָבֹא לְאַחַר זְמָן, הֲרֵי זֶה בְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה וְאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כָרֵת, אֵין בּוֹ בְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **an animal that** actively **copulated with a person, or an animal that was the object of bestiality, or** an animal **that** was **set aside** for idol worship, **or** an animal **that was worshipped** as a deity, **or** an animal given as **the price** of a dog that was purchased, **or** an animal that was given as **payment** to a prostitute, **or** an animal born of a mixture of **diverse kinds, or an animal with a wound that will cause it to die within twelve months [*tereifa*], or** an animal **born by caesarean section,** any of **which one sacrificed outside** the Temple courtyard, he is **exempt.** The source for this is **as it is stated:** “And to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting he did not bring it to present it as an offering to the Lord **before the Tabernacle of the Lord.”** From this verse, it is derived: For **any** animal **that is not fit to come to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting** for sacrifice on the altar, **one is not liable for its** slaughter and sacrifice outside the courtyard. For **blemished** animals, **whether** they are **permanently blemished** or **whether** they are **temporarily blemished, which one sacrificed outside** the Temple courtyard, one is **exempt. Rabbi Shimon says:** For **permanently blemished** animals one is **exempt;** for **temporarily blemished** animals one is **liable for** violation of **a prohibition,** but it is not the type of prohibition for which he will receive *karet*, because ultimately the animal will be fit for sacrifice. With regard to **doves whose time** of fitness for sacrifice **has not arrived,** as they are fit for sacrifice only when they are older, after their wings assume a golden hue; **and pigeons whose time** of fitness **has passed,** as they are fit only when they are young and their wings did not yet assume a yellowish tint, **that one sacrificed outside** the Temple courtyard, he is **exempt. Rabbi Shimon says:** For **pigeons whose time** of fitness **has passed** one is **exempt, and** for **doves whose time** of fitness **has not** yet **arrived** he is **in** violation of **a prohibition.** With regard to an animal **itself and its offspring** that were slaughtered on the same day, where one violates a prohibition for slaughtering the second, **and** an animal **whose time has not yet** arrived, if one sacrificed it outside the Temple courtyard he is **exempt. Rabbi Shimon says:** For an animal whose time has not yet arrived, **that** person is **in** violation of a mere **prohibition, as Rabbi Shimon says:** With regard to **any** sacrificial animal **that is fit to come** and be sacrificed **after** the passage of **time,** if one sacrificed it outside the courtyard, **that** person is **in** violation of **a prohibition but there is no** liability for ***karet*. And the Rabbis say: In any** case **in which there is no** liability for ***karet* there is no** violation of **a prohibition.**


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:3
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:3)

מְחֻסַּר זְמָן, בֵּין בְּגוּפוֹ בֵּין בִּבְעָלָיו. אֵיזֶה הוּא מְחֻסַּר זְמָן בִּבְעָלָיו. הַזָּב, וְהַזָּבָה, וְיוֹלֶדֶת, וּמְצֹרָע, שֶׁהִקְרִיבוּ חַטָּאתָם וַאֲשָׁמָם בַּחוּץ, פְּטוּרִין. עוֹלוֹתֵיהֶן וְשַׁלְמֵיהֶן בַּחוּץ, חַיָּבִין. הַמַּעֲלֶה מִבְּשַׂר חַטָּאת, מִבְּשַׂר אָשָׁם, מִבְּשַׂר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, מִבְּשַׂר קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, וּמוֹתַר הָעֹמֶר, וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, וְלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, וּשְׁיָרֵי מְנָחוֹת, הַיּוֹצֵק, הַבּוֹלֵל, הַפּוֹתֵת, הַמּוֹלֵחַ, הַמֵּנִיף, הַמַּגִּישׁ, הַמְסַדֵּר אֶת הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וְהַמֵּטִיב אֶת הַנֵּרוֹת, וְהַקּוֹמֵץ, וְהַמְקַבֵּל דָּמִים בַּחוּץ, פָּטוּר. אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו לֹא מִשּׁוּם זָרוּת, וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם טֻמְאָה, וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם מְחֻסַּר בְּגָדִים, וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלָיִם:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna adds: An animal is defined as one **whose time has not yet** arrived, **whether** it is **intrinsically** premature, e.g., doves whose wings have not yet assumed a golden hue or an animal less than seven days old (see Leviticus 22:27), or **whether** it is premature **for its owner.** **Which is** the animal **whose time has not yet** arrived because it is premature **for its owner?** It is the animal of **a man who experiences a gonorrhea-like discharge [*zav*], and a woman who experiences a discharge of uterine blood after her menstrual period [*zava*], and a woman after childbirth, and a leper** whose period of impurity is not yet complete, **where** these owners, who are ritually impure, **sacrificed their sin offerings or guilt offerings outside** the Temple courtyard. In this case **they are exempt,** as they are neither obligated nor permitted to bring those offerings. But if they sacrificed **their burnt offerings or their peace offerings outside** the courtyard **they are liable,** as those offerings may be brought as gift offerings even if their owner is ritually impure. **One who offers up** outside the Temple courtyard a portion **of the meat of a sin offering** that is eaten; **of the meat of a guilt offering; of the meat of** other **offerings of the most sacred order** that are eaten, e.g., the sheep sacrificed on the festival of *Shavuot*, or **of the meat of offerings of lesser sanctity,** is exempt, as all these are eaten by the priests and not sacrificed on the altar. **And** for the same reason, one who sacrificed a portion of **the surplus of the *omer* offering,** a measure of barley brought as a communal offering on the sixteenth of the Hebrew month of Nisan, after the handful was removed; **or the two loaves,** i.e., the public offering on *Shavuot* of two loaves from the new wheat; **or the shewbread** arranged on the Table each Shabbat in the Sanctuary; **or the remainder of meal offerings,** is also exempt. **And** likewise with regard to **one who pours** oil onto a meal offering; **and one who breaks** the loaves of a meal offering into pieces; **and one who mixes** oil into the flour of a meal offering; **and one who salts** a meal offering or other offerings; **and one who waves** a meal offering; **and one who brings** a meal offering to the corner of an altar, if he performs these actions outside the courtyard; **and one who arranges** shewbread on **the table** outside the Sanctuary; **and one who removes the ashes** from **the lamps** of the Candelabrum; **and one who removes a handful** from a meal offering; **and one who collects** the **blood** of an offering in a vessel, if he did so **outside** the Temple courtyard: In all of these cases he is **exempt.** This is because one is liable only if he performs an action similar to sacrifice that completes the sacrificial service, while all of these actions are ones that are normally followed by additional sacrificial rites. **And one is** likewise **not liable for** any of these actions, **neither due to** the prohibition against **a non-priest** performing the Temple service, **nor due to** the prohibition against performing the Temple service in a state of **ritual impurity, nor due to** the prohibition against a priest **lacking** the requisite priestly **vestments** while performing the Temple service, **nor due to** the prohibition against performing the Temple service **without washing** one’s **hands and feet.**


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:4
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:4)

עַד שֶׁלֹּא הוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן, הָיוּ הַבָּמוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת, וַעֲבוֹדָה בַּבְּכוֹרוֹת. מִשֶּׁהוּקַם הַמִּשְׁכָּן, נֶאֶסְרוּ הַבָּמוֹת, וַעֲבוֹדָה בַּכֹּהֲנִים. קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, נֶאֱכָלִים לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים. קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, בְּכָל מַחֲנֵה יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Until the Tabernacle was established,** private **altars were permitted and** the sacrificial **service** was performed **by the firstborn. And from** the time **that the Tabernacle was established,** private **altars were prohibited and** the sacrificial **service** was performed **by the priests. Offerings of the most sacred order were** then **eaten within the curtains** surrounding the courtyard of the Tabernacle in the wilderness **and offerings of lesser sanctity** were eaten **throughout the camp of Israel.**


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:5
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:5)

בָּאוּ לַגִּלְגָּל, וְהֻתְּרוּ הַבָּמוֹת. קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, נֶאֱכָלִים לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים. קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, בְּכָל מָקוֹם:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
When the Jewish people **arrived at Gilgal** private **altars were permitted, offerings of the most sacred order were** then **eaten within the curtains, and offerings of lesser sanctity** were eaten **anywhere.**


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:6
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:6)

בָּאוּ לְשִׁילֹה, נֶאֶסְרוּ הַבָּמוֹת. לֹא הָיָה שָׁם תִּקְרָה, אֶלָּא בַיִת שֶׁל אֲבָנִים מִלְּמַטָּן וִירִיעוֹת מִלְמַעְלָן, וְהִיא הָיְתָה מְנוּחָה. קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים נֶאֱכָלִים לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים, קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, בְּכָל הָרוֹאֶה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
When **they arrived at Shiloh,** private **altars were prohibited. And there was no roof** of wood or stone **there,** i.e., in the Tabernacle in Shiloh; **rather** there was **only a building of stone below and the curtains** of the roof of the Tabernacle were spread **above it. And** the period that the Tabernacle was in Shiloh **was** characterized in the Torah as **“rest”** in the verse: “For you have not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance, which the Lord your God has given you” (Deuteronomy 12:9). **Offerings of the most sacred order were** then **eaten within the curtains** in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting, **and offerings of lesser sanctity and second tithe** were eaten **in any** place **that overlooks** Shiloh.


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:7
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:7)

בָּאוּ לְנוֹב וּלְגִבְעוֹן, הֻתְּרוּ הַבָּמוֹת. קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים נֶאֱכָלִים לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים. קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים, בְּכָל עָרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
When Shiloh was destroyed (see I Samuel 4:18), the Jewish people **arrived** with the Tabernacle **at Nov, and** later at **Gibeon,** and private **altars were permitted. Offerings of the most sacred order were** then **eaten within the curtains** in the courtyard of the Tent of Meeting, and **offerings of lesser sanctity** were eaten **in all the cities of** Eretz **Yisrael.**


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:8
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:8)

בָּאוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, נֶאֶסְרוּ הַבָּמוֹת, וְלֹא הָיָה לָהֶם עוֹד הֶתֵּר, וְהִיא הָיְתָה נַחֲלָה. קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, נֶאֱכָלִים לִפְנִים מִן הַקְּלָעִים, קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, לִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
When the Jewish people **arrived at Jerusalem** and built the Temple during the reign of Solomon, private **altars were prohibited, and** private altars **did not have** a subsequent period when they were **permitted. And** the Temple in Jerusalem **was** characterized as **“inheritance”** in the verse: “For you have not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance, which the Lord your God has given you.” **Offerings of the most sacred order were** then **eaten within the curtains,** i.e., in the Temple courtyard, and **offerings of lesser sanctity and second tithe** were eaten **within the walls** of the city, whose legal status was that of the Israelite camp in the wilderness.


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:9
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:9)

כָּל הַקֳּדָשִׁים שֶׁהִקְדִּישָׁן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת, וְהִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת בַּחוּץ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַעֲשֵׂה וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כָּרֵת. הִקְדִּישָׁן בִּשְׁעַת הֶתֵּר בָּמוֹת, וְהִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַעֲשֵׂה וְלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כָּרֵת. הִקְדִּישָׁן בִּשְׁעַת אִסּוּר בָּמוֹת וְהִקְרִיבָן בִּשְׁעַת הֶתֵּר בָּמוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בַעֲשֵׂה וְאֵין בָּהֶם בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to **all offerings that one consecrated during a period of prohibition of** private **altars and sacrificed during a period of prohibition of** private **altars,** if he sacrificed them **outside** their designated area, for **these** animals he is **in** violation of both the **positive mitzva** to sacrifice the offering in the place chosen by God **and** the **prohibition** against sacrificing them on a private altar, **and he is liable** to receive ***karet* for** doing **it.** If **one consecrated** the animals **during a period of permitting of** private **altars and sacrificed them during a period of prohibition of** private **altars, outside** their designated area, for **these** animals he is **in** violation of **a positive mitzva and a prohibition, but he is not liable to** receive ***karet* for** sacrificing **them.** If **he consecrated** the animals **during a period of prohibition of** private **altars and sacrificed them during a period of permitting of** private **altars,** outside their designated area, for **these** animals he is **in** violation of **a positive mitzva** for failure to bring it to the Tabernacle, **but these** animals **are not subject to a prohibition,** as it is permitted to sacrifice on a private altar.


###### Mishnah Zevachim 14:10
[Mishnah Zevachim 14:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishnah%20Zevachim/r/14:10)

אֵלּוּ קָדָשִׁים קְרֵבִים בַּמִּשְׁכָּן. קָדָשִׁים שֶׁהֻקְדְּשׁוּ לַמִּשְׁכָּן, קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר, קְרֵבִין בַּמִּשְׁכָּן. וְקָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד, בְּבָמָה. קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד שֶׁהֻקְדְּשׁוּ לַמִּשְׁכָּן, יִקְרְבוּ בַמִּשְׁכָּן. וְאִם הִקְרִיבָן בְּבָמָה, פָּטוּר. מַה בֵּין בָּמַת יָחִיד לְבָמַת צִבּוּר, סְמִיכָה, וּשְׁחִיטַת צָפוֹן, וּמַתַּן סָבִיב, וּתְנוּפָה, וְהַגָּשָׁה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵין מִנְחָה בְבָמָה. וְכִהוּן, וּבִגְדֵי שָׁרֵת, וּכְלֵי שָׁרֵת, וְרֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ, וּמְחִצָּה בַדָּמִים, וּרְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלָיִם. אֲבָל הַזְּמָן, וְהַנּוֹתָר, וְהַטָּמֵא, שָׁוִים בָּזֶה וּבָזֶה:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And these are** the **sacrificial** items that **are sacrificed** only **in the Tabernacle** even when private altars are permitted: **Sacrificial** animals **that were** presumed to be **consecrated for** sacrifice in **the Tabernacle.** Therefore, **communal offerings are sacrificed in the Tabernacle, but offerings of an individual** may be sacrificed **on** a private **altar.** In addition, with regard to **offerings of an individual that were consecrated** expressly **for** sacrifice in **the Tabernacle, one must sacrifice** them **in the Tabernacle. But if he sacrificed them on** a private **altar,** he is **exempt.** **And what** is the difference **between the** private **altar of an individual and the public altar** at the site of the Tabernacle when it was located in Gilgal, Nov, and Gibeon? It is that on a private altar there is no **placing** of **hands** on the head of an offering, no **slaughter in the north,** no **placement** of blood **around** all sides of the altar in offerings for which this is required, no **waving** of meal offerings, **and** no **bringing** of meal offerings to the corner of the altar prior to removal of the handful. **Rabbi Yehuda says: There is no meal offering** sacrificed **on an altar** outside the Temple. **And** requiring a member of the **priesthood** to perform the sacrificial rites, the priestly **service vestments,** the **service vessels,** the **pleasing aroma** to God, the **partition for the blood,** i.e., the red line dividing the upper and lower halves of the altar, **and** the priest’s **washing of hands and feet** before his service all do not apply to sacrifice on private altars, as the service there need not be performed by priests nor follow all the protocols of the Temple service. **But the** intent to sacrifice or partake of the offering beyond its designated **time,** which renders the offering *piggul*; the *halakha* of portions of **the** offering **left over [*notar*]** beyond the time it may be eaten; **and the** prohibition against eating consecrated meat while **ritually impure are equal in this,** a private altar, **and that,** a public altar.