## Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat Chapter 1

###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:1
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הַזָּב וְהַזָּבָה וְהַנִּדָּה וְהַיּוֹלֶדֶת כָּל אֶחָד מֵאַרְבַּעְתָּן אָב מֵאֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת. מְטַמְּאִין כֵּלִים בְּמַגָּע. וּמְטַמֵּא אָדָם בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. וּמְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב וּמוֹשָׁב וּמֶרְכָּב מִתַּחְתָּיו וְעוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן אַב טֻמְאָה. וּמְטַמֵּא מַדָּף עַל גַּבּוֹ:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
A *zav*, a *zavah*, a woman in the *nidah* state, and a woman after childbirth: all these four types of individuals are primary sources of impurity. They impart impurity to implements through touching them and impart impurity to other persons by touching them or carrying them. They impart impurity to the objects on which they lie, sit, or ride and cause them to also be considered as a primary source of impurity. And they impart impurity to the objects above them.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:2
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אֶחָד זָבָה קְטַנָּה וְאֶחָד זָבָה גְּדוֹלָה. וְאֶחָד זָבָה מֵחֲמַת עַצְמָהּ אוֹ מֵחֲמַת אֹנֶס. וְאֶחָד זָב בַּעַל שְׁתֵּי רְאִיוֹת אוֹ בַּעַל שָׁלֹשׁ. טֻמְאַת כֻּלָּן שָׁוָה לְטַמֵּא אֲחֵרִים:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
Whether a woman is a minor *zavah* or a major *zavah*, whether her bleeding is natural or comes as a result of an outside cause, and whether a *zav* experienced two *zav* emissions or three, her or his impurity is the same with regard to imparting impurity to others.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:3
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קְטַנָּה בַּת יוֹם אֶחָד מִטַּמְּאָה בְּנִדָּה. בַּת עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים בְּזִיבָה. בַּת שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְיוֹם אֶחָד מְטַמְּאָה אֶת בּוֹעֲלָהּ כְּמוֹ שֶׁיִּתְבָּאֵר:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
An infant girl one day old can contract *nidah* impurity. At ten days old, she can contract *zivah* impurity. A female of three years old can impart impurity to a man with whom she engages in relations, as will be explained.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:4
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קָטָן בֶּן יוֹם אֶחָד מִטַּמֵּא בְּזִיבָה. וְאֶחָד גֵּרִים וַעֲבָדִים וְאֶחָד יִשְׂרָאֵל מִטַּמְּאִין בְּנִדָּה וּבְזִיבָה:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
A male minor can contract *zav* impurity at the age of one day. Converts, servants, and natural-born Jews are all the same with regard to contracting the impurity of *nidah* and *zivah*.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:5
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סְרִיס אָדָם סְרִיס חַמָּה מִטַּמְּאִין בְּזִיבָה כִּשְׁאָר הַבְּרִיאִין:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
A person who was castrated or one who is born sexually impotent may contract impurity because of a *zav* discharge like other men.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:6
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אֵין הָאִשָּׁה מִטַּמְּאָה בְּלֹבֶן וְלֹא הָאִישׁ בְּאֹדֶם אֶלָּא הָאִשָּׁה בְּאֹדֶם וְהָאִישׁ בְּלֹבֶן:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
A woman does not contract impurity because of a *zav* discharge, nor does a man contract impurity because of reddish discharge. Instead, only a woman contracts impurity because of reddish discharge, and a man, because of a *zav* discharge.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:7
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טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְרוֹגִינוּס נוֹתְנִין עֲלֵיהֶם חֻמְרֵי הָאִישׁ וְחֻמְרֵי הָאִשָּׁה. מִטַּמְּאִין בְּלֹבֶן כְּאִישׁ וּבְאֹדֶם כְּאִשָּׁה. וְטֻמְאָתָן בְּסָפֵק לְפִיכָךְ אֵין שׂוֹרְפִין עֲלֵיהֶן תְּרוּמָה וְקָדָשִׁים וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן עַל טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו. רָאָה לֹבֶן וְאֹדֶם כְּאַחַד שׂוֹרְפִין עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה וְאֶת הַקָּדָשִׁים אֲבָל אֵין חַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ה ג) "מִזָּכָר עַד נְקֵבָה תְּשַׁלֵּחוּ" עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הַטֻּמְאָה טֻמְאַת זָכָר וַדַּאי אוֹ טֻמְאַת נְקֵבָה וַדָּאִית. וְכֵן הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּלֹּבֶן וְאֹדֶם שֶׁלּוֹ כְּאַחַת אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַל טֻמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו. נָגַע הוּא בְּעַצְמוֹ בְּלֹבֶן וְאֹדֶם שֶׁרָאָה הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב עַל בִּיאַת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
The stringencies applying to both males and females are applied to a *tumtum* and an *androgynus*. They contract impurity because of a *zav* discharge like a man and because of uterine bleeding like a female. Their impure status is a matter of question. Hence *terumah* or sacrificial food that they touch is not burnt, nor are they held liable for entering the Temple or partaking of sacrificial food in a state of impurity. If a *zav* discharge and uterine bleeding is secreted from such a person at the same time, *terumah* or sacrificial food that they touch is burnt. Nevertheless, they are not held liable for entering the Temple or partaking of sacrificial food in a state of impurity, as Numbers 5:3: "Male and female alike shall you send forth." Implied is that the impurity of a male must be definitive and the impurity of the female must be definitive.
Similarly, even if one touches a *zav* discharge and uterine bleeding from such a person simultaneously, he is not liable for entering the Temple in a state of impurity or for partaking of sacrificial foods in such a state. If a *tumtum* and an *androgynus* himself touched both a *zav* discharge and uterine bleeding that secreted from him, he is liable for entering the Temple in a state of impurity.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:8
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דַּם הַנִּדָּה אוֹ דַּם הַזָּבָה אוֹ דַּם הַיּוֹלֶדֶת מְטַמֵּא בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טו לג) "וְהַדָּוָה בְּנִדָּתָהּ וְהַזָּב" מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁמַּדְוֶה כָּמוֹהָ. וּכְבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ בְּעִנְיַן אִסּוּר נִדָּה שֶׁחֲמִשָּׁה דָּמִים טְמֵאִים בָּאִשָּׁה אֲבָל אִם רָאֲתָה דָּם יָרֹק הֲרֵי הוּא טָהוֹר וְאֵינוֹ כְּמוֹ רֻקָּהּ וּשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מִמֶּנָּה שֶׁהָרֹק מִתְעַגֵּל וְיוֹצֵא וְזֶה שׁוֹתֵת וְיוֹרֵד:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
Even the slightest amount of the blood of *nidah*, the blood of *zivah*, or the blood of a woman who gave birth imparts impurity when touched or carried, as implied by Leviticus 15:33: "A woman who suffers because of her *nidah* state and one who experiences a flow...." According to the Oral Tradition, it was taught her secretion imparts impurity like she does.
We already explained with regard to the prohibition of a *nidah*, that there are five shades of impure bleeding experienced by a woman. If, however, she secretes a green blood-like discharge, it is pure. It does not resemble her saliva or other fluids that she discharges. The difference is that saliva collects and is discharged as drops, while this flows out and descends.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:9
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אִשָּׁה שֶׁיָּצָא הַוָּלָד מִדָּפְנָהּ וְיוֹצֵא עִמּוֹ דָּם מִן הַדֹּפֶן הֲרֵי אוֹתוֹ דָּם אָב מֵאֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת כְּדַם הַנִּדָּה וְהַלֵּדָה וְהַזִּיבָה שֶׁהַמָּקוֹר מְקוֹמוֹ טָמֵא. וְהָאִשָּׁה טְהוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִמֶּנָּה דָּם דֶּרֶךְ הָרֶחֶם:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
When a woman gives birth to a child through Cesarean section and uterine blood was released from her body together with the child, that blood is a primary source of impurity like the blood of *nidah*, childbirth, or *zivah*. The rationale is that the uterus is a place of impurity for all blood that emerges from it. The woman is ritually pure unless the blood flows out through her vaginal channel.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:10
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מְקוֹר הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וְנָפַל לָאָרֶץ הָאִשָּׁה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב וְכֵן מָקוֹר שֶׁהִזִּיעַ כִּשְׁנֵי טִפֵּי מַרְגָּלִיּוֹת הָאִשָּׁה טְמֵאָה טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב. אֲבָל אֵינָהּ נִדָּה עַד שֶׁתִּרְאֶה אֶחָד מֵחֲמִשָּׁה דָּמִים הַמְטַמְּאִין אוֹתָהּ:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
When the uterus of a woman is ripped away from its place and falls to the earth, the woman is impure until the evening. Similarly, if the uterus discharged two pearl-like drops of fluid, the woman is impure until the evening. She is, however, not a *nidah* unless she discharges one of the five types of blood that render her impure.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:11
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הֵזִיעָה טִפָּה אַחַת הֲרֵי הָאִשָּׁה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ אֶלָּא מִחוּץ לַמָּקוֹר:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
If a woman discharged one drop of a white fluid, she remains pure, for that certainly comes from outside the uterus.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:12
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זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב אָב מֵאֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת כְּזָב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טו ב) "זוֹבוֹ טָמֵא הוּא" וּמְטַמֵּא בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל זָב אֵינָהּ מְטַמְּאָה בְּמַשָּׂא וַהֲרֵי הִיא כְּשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע בֵּין מֵאִישׁ גָּדוֹל בֵּין מֵאִישׁ קָטָן וְכֵן הַמִּשְׁכָּבוֹת וְהַמּוֹשָׁבוֹת שֶׁיָּשַׁב עֲלֵיהֶם מִשֶּׁרָאָה רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה עַד שֶׁרָאָה הַשְּׁנִיָּה טְהוֹרִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָרוּי זָב אֶלָּא אַחַר רְאִיָּה שְׁנִיָּה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת מְחֻסְּרֵי כַּפָּרָה. רָאָה אַחַת מְרֻבָּה כִּשְׁתַּיִם אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא הַמֵּסִיט טִפָּה אַחֲרוֹנָה:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
The discharge of a *zav* is considered as a primary source of impurity like a *zav* himself, as implied by Leviticus 15:2: "His discharge is impure." Even the slightest amount of it imparts impurity when touched or when carried.
The first discharge of a *zav* does not impart impurity when carried. It is considered like semen. This applies whether it was discharged by an adult man or a male child. Similarly, any bed or seat on which such a person sat between the first discharge and the second discharge is pure, for one is not categorized as a *zav* until he experiences two discharges, as we explained in *Hilchot Mechusrei Kapparah*. If he experiences one discharge that lasts as long as two, only one who moves the last drop contracts impurity.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:13
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רְאִיָּה רִאשׁוֹנָה שֶׁל מְצֹרָע מְטַמֵּא בְּמַשָּׂא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ה ב) "כָּל צָרוּעַ וְכָל זָב וְכל טָמֵא לָנָפֶשׁ" הֲרֵי הַצָּרוּעַ כְּזָב גָּמוּר מַה זָּב גָּמוּר זוֹבוֹ מְטַמֵּא בְּמַשָּׂא אַף מְצֹרָע רְאִיָּתוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹנָה מְטַמֵּא בְּמַשָּׂא:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
The first *zav* discharge of a person afflicted by *tzara'at* imparts impurity when touched or when carried, as implied by Numbers 5:2: "All those afflicted with *tzara'at*, every *zav*, and all those impure because of contact with a corpse." The verse establishes an association between a person afflicted with *tzara'at* and *zav* in the complete sense of the term. Just as the discharge of a *zav* in the complete sense of the term imparts impurity when carried, so too, even the first discharge of a person afflicted with *tzara'at* imparts impurity.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:14
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רֹק הַזָּב וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו כָּל אֶחָד מִשְּׁלָשְׁתָּן אַב טֻמְאָה דִּין תּוֹרָה. וּמְטַמֵּא בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר בְּרֹק (ויקרא טו ח) "וְכִי יָרֹק הַזָּב בַּטָּהוֹר". וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בָּהֶם צִחְצוּחֵי זִיבָה כָּל שֶׁהוּא:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
The saliva, semen, and urine of a *zav* - all three of them are primary source of impurity according to Scriptural Law. Even the smallest amount of each of them imparts impurity when touched or carried. These concepts are derived as follows. With regard to the saliva of a *zav*, Leviticus 15:8 states: "When a *zav* will spit upon a pure person,... he shall be impure until the evening." And it is impossible that the urine or the semen of a *zav* will not have some drops of his *zav* discharge.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:15
[Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishneh%20Torah%2C%20Those%20Who%20Defile%20Bed%20or%20Seat/r/1:15)

אֶחָד זָב וְאֶחָד נִדָּה וְיוֹלֶדֶת וְזָבָה כָּל אֶחָד מֵהֶן רֻקּוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו אַב טֻמְאָה כְּזָב. וְכֵן כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּהֲלָכוֹת אֵלּוּ הַזָּב אֶחָד הַזָּב וְאֶחָד שְׁאָר הָאַרְבָּעָה:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
The same laws that apply to a *zav* apply also to a *nidah*, a woman after childbirth, and a *zavah*. The saliva and the urine of each of them is a primary source of impurity like that of a *zav*. Similarly, whenever the term *zav* is used in these laws, the intent is either a *zav* or one of the other three.


###### Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:16
[Mishneh Torah, Those Who Defile Bed or Seat 1:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Mishneh%20Torah%2C%20Those%20Who%20Defile%20Bed%20or%20Seat/r/1:16)

תִּשְׁעָה מַשְׁקִין בְּזָב שְׁלֹשָׁה מֵהֶן אָב טֻמְאָה וְהֵן רֻקּוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו. כָּל אֶחָד מֵאֵלּוּ מְטַמֵּא אָדָם וְכֵלִים בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. שְׁלֹשָׁה מֵהֶן כִּוְלַד הַטֻּמְאָה וְאֵלּוּ הֵן דִּמְעַת עֵינוֹ וְדַם מַגַּפְתּוֹ וַחֲלֵב הָאִשָּׁה. כָּל אֶחָד מֵאֵלּוּ כְּמַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין שֶׁאֵין מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם אֲבָל מְטַמְּאִין כֵּלִים מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. וּשְׁלֹשָׁה מֵהֶן טְהוֹרִין וְאֵלּוּ הֵן זֵעָתוֹ וְלֵחָה סְרוּחָה הַיּוֹצְאִים מִמֶּנּוּ וְהָרֵעִי. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מִן הַזָּב וַחֲבֵרָיו כְּמוֹתָן מִשְּׁאָר הָאָדָם. כִּיחוֹ וְנִיעוֹ וְרִירוֹ וּמֵי הָאַף שֶׁלּוֹ הֲרֵי הֵן כְּרֻקּוֹ לְכָל דָּבָר וּבִכְלַל הָרֹק הֵן חֲשׁוּבִין. דָּם הַיּוֹצֵא מִפִּי אַמָּה וְדָם הַשּׁוֹתֵת מִפִּיו הֲרֵי הֵן בִּכְלַל דָּם מַגַּפְתּוֹ. הָיָה מוֹצֵץ וְרוֹקֵק דָּם הֲרֵי זֶה מְטַמֵּא כְּרֹק. שֶׁהַדָּם שֶׁמּוֹצֵץ אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ בְּלֹא צִחְצוּחֵי רֹק:

**Mishneh Torah, trans. by Eliyahu Touger. Jerusalem, Moznaim Pub. c1986-c2007:**
There are nine types of fluids produced by a *zav*. Three of them are primary sources of impurity: his saliva, his semen, and his urine. Even the slightest amount of them imparts ritual impurity to a person or an implement, as we explained.
Three of them are considered as a derivative of impurity: tears, blood from a wound, and a woman's milk. Each one of these is considered as an impure fluid that does not impart impurity to humans, but does impart to implements according to Rabbinic Law, as will be explained. And there are three which are pure: sweat, puss, and feces. The laws that apply to these three fluids from a *zav* and the others like him are the same as when these fluids that are discharged by an ordinary person who is pure.
His phlegm, spittle, and mucus are considered like saliva in all contexts and they are included in the term saliva. When blood flows from the male organ or from the mouth, it is considered as the blood of a wound. If a person sucks a wound and spits out the blood, it imparts impurity like saliva does. For it is impossible that the blood that he sucks will not have drops of saliva.