## Moed Katan Daf 27a

###### Moed Katan 27a:1
[Moed Katan 27a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:1)

אִם יָכוֹל לְמַעֵט בְּעִסְקוֹ — יְמַעֵט, וְאִם לָאו — יְגַלְגֵּל עִמָּהֶן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**if he can reduce his business, he should reduce** it; **and if not, he may carry on with them,** i.e., his business partners. He may act in partnership with the members of the group with which he is traveling, but he may not engage in business independently.


###### Moed Katan 27a:2
[Moed Katan 27a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:2)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מֵאֵימָתַי כּוֹפִין אֶת הַמִּטּוֹת — מִשֶּׁיֵּצֵא מִפֶּתַח בֵּיתוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: מִשֶּׁיִּסָּתֵם הַגּוֹלֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught** the following *baraita*: **From when do** the mourners **overturn** their **beds? From when** the corpse **is taken out of the opening of his house;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Yehoshua says: From when the** tomb **is sealed** with **the grave cover.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:3
[Moed Katan 27a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:3)

מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁמֵּת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן, כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא מִפֶּתַח בֵּיתוֹ אָמַר לָהֶם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: כְּפוּ מִטּוֹתֵיכֶם. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּסְתַּם הַגּוֹלֵל, אָמַר לָהֶם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: כְּפוּ מִטּוֹתֵיכֶם. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: כְּבָר כָּפִינוּ עַל פִּי זָקֵן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
There was **an incident** in **which** the *Nasi* **Rabban Gamliel the Elder died,** and **once** his body **left the opening of his house, Rabbi Eliezer said to** the members of the household: **Overturn your beds. And once the** tomb **was sealed** with **the grave cover, Rabbi Yehoshua said to them: Overturn your beds. They** then **said to him: We already overturned** them **in accordance with the Elder,** i.e., Rabbi Eliezer.


###### Moed Katan 27a:4
[Moed Katan 27a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:4)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מֵאֵימָתַי זוֹקְפִין אֶת הַמִּטּוֹת בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת — מִן הַמִּנְחָה וּלְמַעְלָה. אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר הוּנָא: אַף עַל פִּי כֵן אֵינוֹ יוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ. וּלְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ לֵישֵׁב אֶלָּא יוֹם אֶחָד — חוֹזֵר וְכוֹפֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: **From when do** the mourners **stand** their **beds upright on Friday;** as the rites of mourning are not observed on Shabbat, and the beds must be returned to their ordinary position beforehand? **From *minḥa*** time **onward. Rabba bar Huna said: Even so, one may not sit down on** his upright bed immediately. Rather, he must wait **until it becomes dark** to do so. **And at the conclusion of Shabbat, even if he has only one** more **day to sit** in mourning, i.e., his period of mourning concludes on Sunday, **he must** once **again overturn** his bed.


###### Moed Katan 27a:5
[Moed Katan 27a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:5)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַכּוֹפֶה מִטָּתוֹ, לֹא מִטָּתוֹ בִּלְבַד הוּא כּוֹפֶה, אֶלָּא כׇּל מִטּוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ הוּא כּוֹפֶה. וַאֲפִילּוּ יֵשׁ לוֹ עֶשֶׂר מִטּוֹת בַּעֲשָׂרָה מְקוֹמוֹת — כּוֹפֶה אֶת כּוּלָּן. וַאֲפִילּוּ חֲמִשָּׁה אַחִין וּמֵת אֶחָד — כּוּלָּן כּוֹפִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: With regard to **one who** is in mourning and must **overturn his bed, he overturns not only his** own **bed, but rather he overturns all the beds he has in his house. And even if he has ten beds in ten** different **places, he overturns them all. And even** if there are **five brothers and one** of them **died, all of them overturn** their beds wherever they live.


###### Moed Katan 27a:6
[Moed Katan 27a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:6)

וְאִם הָיְתָה מִטָּה הַמְיוּחֶדֶת לְכֵלִים — אֵין צָרִיךְ לִכְפּוֹתָהּ. דַּרְגֵּשׁ — אֵין צָרִיךְ לִכְפּוֹתוֹ, אֶלָּא זוֹקְפוֹ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: דַּרְגֵּשׁ מַתִּיר אֶת קַרְבִּיטָיו וְהוּא נוֹפֵל מֵאֵילָיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**If, however, it is a bed designated** for the storage of **garments** and not for sleeping, **he is not required to overturn it. It is** also **not necessary to overturn a *dargash*, but rather he stands it upright. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says:** With regard to **a *dargash*, one loosens its loops [*karbitav*],** which hold up the pillows, **and it falls on its own.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:7
[Moed Katan 27a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:7)

מַאי דַּרְגֵּשׁ? אָמַר עוּלָּא: עַרְסָא דְגַדָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of the word ***dargash*? Ulla said:** It is a good-**luck [*gada*] bed,** as it was common to have ornamental beds for good luck, which were not used for sleeping.


###### Moed Katan 27a:8
[Moed Katan 27a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:8)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבָּה: אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה גַּבֵּי מֶלֶךְ, דִּתְנַן: כׇּל הָעָם מְסוּבִּים עַל הָאָרֶץ, וְהוּא מֵיסֵב עַל הַדַּרְגֵּשׁ. מִי אִיכָּא מִידֵּי דְּעַד הָאִידָּנָא לָא אוֹתְבִינֵּיהּ, וְהַשְׁתָּא מוֹתְבִינַן לֵיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba said to him: However, if** that is **so,** then the following statement **with regard to a king** is difficult, **as we learned** in a mishna (*Sanhedrin* 20a): When the mourner’s meal is served to the king and his family, **all the people recline on the ground, and he,** the king, due to his honor, **reclines on a *dargash*. Is there anything upon which we would not have seated him until now,** when he was not a mourner, **but now,** specifically during the mourning period, **we seat him on it?**


###### Moed Katan 27a:9
[Moed Katan 27a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:9)

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב אָשֵׁי: מַאי קוּשְׁיָא? מִידֵּי דְּהָוֵה אַאֲכִילָה וּשְׁתִיָּה, דְּעַד הָאִידָּנָא לָא אוֹכְלִינֵּיהּ וְלָא אַשְׁקִינֵּיהּ, הַשְׁתָּא אוֹכְלִינֵּיהּ וְאַשְׁקִינֵּיהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ashi strongly objects to this: What is the difficulty** raised by Rabba? One can answer: The *halakha* is **just as it is in** the case of **eating and drinking,** that **until now,** before one became a mourner, **we did not feed him or give him drink,** but **now** that he is a mourner **we feed him and give him drink** during the first meal after the burial.


###### Moed Katan 27a:10
[Moed Katan 27a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:10)

אֶלָּא, אִי קַשְׁיָא — הָא קַשְׁיָא, דִּתְנַן: דַּרְגֵּשׁ אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִכְפּוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא זוֹקְפוֹ. וְאִי עַרְסָא דְגַדָּא, אַמַּאי אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִכְפּוֹתוֹ? הָא תְּנַן: הַכּוֹפֶה מִטָּתוֹ, לֹא מִטָּתוֹ בִּלְבַד הוּא כּוֹפֶה, אֶלָּא כׇּל מִטּוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ כּוֹפֶה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, if it** is **difficult, this** is **difficult, as we learned** in a *baraita*: **It is not necessary to overturn a *dargash*, but rather he stands it upright. But if it is** a good-**luck bed, why is it not necessary to overturn it? Didn’t we learn: One who** is in mourning and must **overturn his bed overturns not only his** own **bed, but rather he overturns all the beds in his house,** including this good luck bed?


###### Moed Katan 27a:11
[Moed Katan 27a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:11)

וּמַאי קַשְׁיָא? מִידֵּי דְּהָוֵה אַמִּטָּה הַמְיוּחֶדֶת לְכֵלִים. דְּתַנְיָא: אִם הָיְתָה מִטָּה הַמְיוּחֶדֶת לְכֵלִים — אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִכְפּוֹתָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects this: **And what** is **difficult** in this? One can answer: The *halakha* is **just as it is in** the case of **a bed designated for** the storage of **garments, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **If it is a bed designated for** the storage of **garments,** and not for sleeping, **one is not required to overturn it.** So too, one is not required to overturn a *dargash*, as it is a bed that is not used for sleeping.


###### Moed Katan 27a:12
[Moed Katan 27a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:12)

אֶלָּא, אִי קַשְׁיָא הָא קַשְׁיָא: רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: דַּרְגֵּשׁ, מַתִּיר קַרְבִּיטָיו וְהוּא נוֹפֵל מֵאֵילָיו. וְאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ עַרְסָא דְגַדָּא, מַאי קַרְבִּיטִין אִית לֵיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather if it** is **difficult, this is the difficulty:** It was taught in a *baraita*: **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says:** With regard to **a *dargash*, one loosens the loops** that hold up the pillows, **and it falls on its own. And if it enters your mind** to say that a *dargash* is **a** good-**luck bed,** it is like other beds, so **what loops does it have?**


###### Moed Katan 27a:13
[Moed Katan 27a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:13)

כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין אֲמַר לֵיהּ הָהוּא מֵרַבָּנַן, וְרַב תַּחְלִיפָא בַּר מַעְרְבָא שְׁמֵיהּ, דַּהֲוָה שְׁכִיחַ בְּשׁוּקָא דְגִילְדָּאֵי: מַאי דַּרְגֵּשׁ — עַרְסָא דְצַלָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**When Ravin came** from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, **one of the Sages, whose name was Rav Taḥalifa from the West,** and **who was frequently** found **in the market of leather workers, said to him: What is a *dargash*?** It is **a leather bed.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:14
[Moed Katan 27a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:14)

אִיתְּמַר נָמֵי, אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: דַּרְגֵּשׁ — סֵירוּגוֹ מִתּוֹכוֹ, מִטָּה — סֵירוּגָהּ עַל גַּבָּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was also stated** that **Rabbi Yirmeya said: A *dargash*** has **its interlacing from the inside,** i.e., attached to loops that go through holes that are made in the bed frame itself; whereas **a bed** has **its interlacing from the outside,** i.e., the strapping itself is looped around the wood of the frame, and therefore it cannot be loosened.


###### Moed Katan 27a:15
[Moed Katan 27a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:15)

אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אַחָא אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. אִיתְּמַר נָמֵי, אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אַחָא אָמַר רַבִּי אַסִּי: מִטָּה שֶׁנַּקְלִיטֶיהָ יוֹצְאִין — זוֹקְפָהּ וְדַיּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa said in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: The *halakha* is in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel** with regard to a *dargash*. **It was also stated** that **Rabbi Ya’akov bar Aḥa said in the name of Rabbi Asi: A bed whose posts [*naklitin*] extend,** meaning that they are very long so that the bed will remain high off the ground even if it is overturned, **may be stood upright and that is sufficient.** That is to say, one is not required to overturn such a bed.


###### Moed Katan 27a:16
[Moed Katan 27a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:16)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: יָשֵׁן עַל גַּבֵּי כִּסֵּא, עַל גַּבֵּי אוּדְיָינִי גְּדוֹלָה, עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע — לֹא יָצָא יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שֶׁלֹּא קִיֵּים כְּפִיַּית הַמִּטָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** the following *baraita*: If the mourner **sleeps on a chair,** or **on a large** overturned **mortar,** or **on the ground, he does not fulfill his obligation,** even though he is uncomfortable while sleeping. **Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** This is **because he did not fulfill** the mitzva of **overturning the bed.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:17
[Moed Katan 27a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:17)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מְכַבְּדִין וּמַרְבִּיצִין בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, וּמְדִיחִין קְעָרוֹת וְכוֹסוֹת וּצְלוֹחִיּוֹת וְקִיתוֹנִיּוֹת בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל. וְאֵין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַמּוּגְמָר וְאֶת הַבְּשָׂמִים לְבֵית הָאֵבֶל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** another *baraita*: **One may sweep and sprinkle** water on a dirt floor **in the house of a mourner, and one may wash bowls, cups, jugs, and pitchers in the house of a mourner. But one may not bring incense or** fragrant **spices into the house of a mourner.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:18
[Moed Katan 27a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:18)

אִינִי? וְהָא תָּנֵי בַּר קַפָּרָא: אֵין מְבָרְכִין לֹא עַל הַמּוּגְמָר וְלֹא עַל הַבְּשָׂמִים בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל. בָּרוֹכֵי הוּא דְּלָא מְבָרְכִין, הָא אֵתוֹיֵי — מַיְיתִינַן!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Is that so? But doesn’t bar Kappara teach** the following *baraita*: **One may not recite a blessing either over incense or over fragrant spices in the house of a mourner?** From this one may infer that **one may not recite a blessing** over these incense or spices, **but one may bring them** into the house of the mourner. This appears to contradict the previous *baraita*.


###### Moed Katan 27a:19
[Moed Katan 27a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:19)

לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא — בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, הָא — בְּבֵית הַמְנַחֲמִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **It is not difficult. Here,** the *baraita* is referring **to the house of a mourner,** into which spices should not be taken; **there,** the *baraita* that states that one may not recite a blessing over them, is referring **to the house of the consolers,** his relatives, into which spices may be brought.


###### Moed Katan 27a:20
[Moed Katan 27a:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:20)

**מַתְנִי׳** אֵין מוֹלִיכִין לְבֵית הָאֵבֶל, לֹא בְּטַבְלָא, וְלֹא בְּאִסְקוּטְלָא, וְלֹא בְּקָנוֹן, אֶלָּא בְּסַלִּים. וְאֵין אוֹמְרִים בִּרְכַּת אֲבֵלִים בַּמּוֹעֵד, אֲבָל עוֹמְדִין בְּשׁוּרָה וּמְנַחֲמִין, וּפוֹטְרִין אֶת הָרַבִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One does not bring** the first meal after the burial **to the house of mourning on a small tray [*tavla*], in a bowl [*iskutla*], or in a narrow-mouthed basket [*kanon*], but rather in** ordinary **baskets. And the mourners’ blessing is not recited on** the intermediate days of **a Festival, but** the consolers may **stand in a row** when the mourners leave the cemetery **and console** them. **And** the mourners **dismiss the many** consolers, by telling them that they may return home after they have fulfilled the mitzva of consoling the mourners.


###### Moed Katan 27a:21
[Moed Katan 27a:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:21)

אֵין מַנִּיחִין אֶת הַמִּטָּה בָּרְחוֹב, שֶׁלֹּא לְהַרְגִּיל אֶת הַהֶסְפֵּד. וְלֹא שֶׁל נָשִׁים לְעוֹלָם, מִפְּנֵי הַכָּבוֹד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The bier** of the deceased **is not set down in the street** during the intermediate days of a Festival **so as not to encourage eulogies.** On an ordinary weekday, people would gather in the street around the bier to eulogize the deceased, but this should be avoided during the intermediate days of the Festival. **And** the biers **of women** are **never** set down, even if it is not the intermediate days of a Festival, **due to their honor.** Blood might drip from their bodies, and it would cause them dishonor if their blood stained the street.


###### Moed Katan 27a:22
[Moed Katan 27a:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:22)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מוֹלִיכִין בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, עֲשִׁירִים — בִּקְלָתוֹת שֶׁל כֶּסֶף וְשֶׁל זָהָב, וַעֲנִיִּים — בְּסַלֵּי נְצָרִים שֶׁל עֲרָבָה קְלוּפָה, וְהָיוּ עֲנִיִּים מִתְבַּיְּישִׁים. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ הַכֹּל מְבִיאִין בְּסַלֵּי נְצָרִים שֶׁל עֲרָבָה קְלוּפָה, מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹדָן שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught** the following *baraita*: **At first,** the meal after the burial **would be brought to the house of the mourner** in various ways. **The wealthy** would bring the meal **in baskets of silver and gold, and the poor** would bring it in **baskets of peeled willow branches. And the poor were embarrassed,** as everyone would see that they were poor. The Sages **instituted that everyone should bring** the meal **in baskets of peeled willow branches, due to the honor of the poor.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:23
[Moed Katan 27a:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:23)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מַשְׁקִין בְּבֵית הָאֵבֶל, עֲשִׁירִים — בִּזְכוּכִית לְבָנָה, וַעֲנִיִּים — בִּזְכוּכִית צְבוּעָה, וְהָיוּ עֲנִיִּים מִתְבַּיְּישִׁין. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ הַכֹּל מַשְׁקִין בִּזְכוּכִית צְבוּעָה, מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹדָן שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** a similar *baraita*: **At first, they would serve** wine **in the house of the mourner** during the first meal after the burial; the **wealthy** would do so **in** cups made from **white glass, and** the **poor** would serve this wine **in** cups of **colored glass. And the poor were embarrassed,** as everyone would see that they were poor. The Sages **instituted that all should serve drinks** in the house of the mourner **in colored glass** cups, **due to the honor of the poor.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:24
[Moed Katan 27a:24](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:24)

בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מְגַלִּין פְּנֵי עֲשִׁירִים וּמְכַסִּין פְּנֵי עֲנִיִּים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיוּ מוּשְׁחָרִין פְּנֵיהֶן מִפְּנֵי בַצּוֹרֶת, וְהָיוּ עֲנִיִּים מִתְבַּיְּישִׁין. הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁיְּהוּ מְכַסִּין פְּנֵי הַכֹּל, מִפְּנֵי כְּבוֹדָן שֶׁל עֲנִיִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Furthermore, **at first they would uncover the faces of the wealthy** who passed away **and cover the faces of the poor, because their faces were blackened by famine. And the poor were embarrassed** because they were buried in a different manner. The Sages **instituted that everyone’s face should be covered, due to the honor of the poor.**


###### Moed Katan 27a:25
[Moed Katan 27a:25](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Moed%20Katan/r/27a:25)

בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה הָיוּ מוֹצִיאִין עֲשִׁירִים בְּדַרְגֵּשׁ, וַעֲנִיִּים

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Additionally, **at first the wealthy would take** the deceased **out** for burial **on a *dargash*, and the poor** would take the deceased out