## Nedarim Daf 37b

###### Nedarim 37b:1
[Nedarim 37b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:1)

אִם אָבְדוּ — אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן. וְאִם הָיָה שְׂכִיר שַׁבָּת, שְׂכִיר חֹדֶשׁ, שְׂכִיר שָׁנָה, שְׂכִיר שָׁבוּעַ — נוֹתֵן לוֹ שְׂכַר שַׁבָּת. לְפִיכָךְ אִם אָבְדוּ — חַיָּיב בְּאַחְרָיוּתָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**if** the items that the laborer was entrusted to watch **were lost** on Shabbat, **he does not bear** financial **responsibility** to compensate the owners **for them,** since he is not a paid bailee on that day. **And if** he is a laborer **hired for a week, hired for a month, hired for a year,** or **hired for seven years,** the one who hired him **gives him payment** for labor performed on **Shabbat** as well. Therefore, **if** the items **were lost** on Shabbat, **he bears** financial **responsibility** to compensate the owners **for them.** If payment for Shabbat is incorporated within payment for a longer period, it is not prohibited to accept payment for permitted actions performed on Shabbat.


###### Nedarim 37b:2
[Nedarim 37b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:2)

אֶלָּא: גַּבֵּי שַׁבָּת הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּאֵין קוֹרְאִין בַּתְּחִילָּה — מִשּׁוּם דְּיִפְנוּ אֲבָהָתְהוֹן דְּיָנוֹקֵי לְמִצְוְתָא דְשַׁבְּתָא. וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: מִשּׁוּם דִּבְשַׁבְּתָא אָכְלִין וְשָׁתִין וְיַקִּיר עֲלֵיהוֹן עָלְמָא. כִּדְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: שִׁינּוּי וֶסֶת תְּחִילַּת חוֹלִי מֵעַיִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, with regard to Shabbat, this is the reason that** children **may not read** a passage in the Bible **for the first** time on Shabbat, **so that the fathers of the children will be at leisure to** fulfill **the mitzva of** delighting in **Shabbat.** Teaching new material to their children would occupy more of their fathers’ time, limiting their opportunity to fulfill that mitzva. **And if you wish, say** instead: **Due to** the fact **that on Shabbat** children **eat and drink** more than they are accustomed to eating, **their world is heavy upon them,** i.e., their head and their limbs are sluggish, and they are incapable of concentrating and studying well, **as Shmuel said: A change in routine [*veset*]** in eating and the like causes **the onset of an intestinal ailment.**


###### Nedarim 37b:3
[Nedarim 37b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:3)

וּלְמַאן דְּאָמַר שְׂכַר פִּיסּוּק טְעָמִים, מַאי טַעְמָא לָא אָמַר שְׂכַר שִׁימּוּר? קָסָבַר בָּנוֹת מִי קָא בָּעֲיָין שִׁימּוּר?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And according to the one who says** that the payment for teaching Bible is **payment** for teaching **punctuation** of the text with **cantillation notes,** and therefore in the case of one for whom benefit from another is forbidden by vow, that other person may not teach his sons and daughters Bible, **what is the reason** that he **did not say** that it is **payment** for **watching** the children? The Gemara answers: **He holds: Do girls need watching?** They stay home and are not accustomed to going out.


###### Nedarim 37b:4
[Nedarim 37b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:4)

וּלְמַאן דְּאָמַר שְׂכַר שִׁימּוּר, מַאי טַעְמָא לָא אָמַר שְׂכַר פִּיסּוּק טְעָמִים? קָסָבַר (שְׂכַר) פִּיסּוּק טְעָמִים דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And according to the one who says** that the payment for teaching Bible is **payment** for **watching** the children, **what is the reason** that he **did not say** that it is **payment** for teaching **punctuation** of the text with **cantillation notes?** The Gemara answers: **He holds** that **the punctuation** of the text with **cantillation notes is by Torah law;** therefore, it is included in the prohibition against taking payment for teaching Torah.


###### Nedarim 37b:5
[Nedarim 37b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:5)

דְּאָמַר רַב אִיקָא בַּר אָבִין אָמַר רַב חֲנַנְאֵל אָמַר רַב: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״וַיִּקְרְאוּ בַסֵּפֶר בְּתוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים מְפֹרָשׁ וְשׂוֹם שֶׂכֶל וַיָּבִינוּ בַּמִּקְרָא״. ״וַיִּקְרְאוּ בַסֵּפֶר בְּתוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים״ — זֶה מִקְרָא, ״מְפֹרָשׁ״ — זֶה תַּרְגּוּם, ״וְשׂוֹם שֶׂכֶל״ — אֵלּוּ הַפְּסוּקִים, ״וַיָּבִינוּ בַּמִּקְרָא״ — זֶה פִּיסּוּק טְעָמִים. וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: אֵלּוּ הַמְּסוֹרוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
This is **as Rav Ika bar Avin said** that **Rav Ḥananel said** that **Rav said: What is** the meaning of that **which is written: “And they read in the book, in the Torah of God, distinctly; and they gave the sense, and caused them to understand the reading”** (Nehemiah 8:8)? The Gemara explains: **“They read in the book, in the Torah of God”; that is the Bible. “Distinctly”; that is** the Aramaic **translation. “And they gave the sense”; these are the** division into **verses. “And caused them to understand the reading”; this is punctuation** of the text with **cantillation notes,** which facilitate the understanding of the verses. **And some say: These are the traditions** that determine the proper vocalization of the Bible. Rav holds that the cantillation notes are an integral part of Torah study.


###### Nedarim 37b:6
[Nedarim 37b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:6)

אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: מִקְרָא סוֹפְרִים, וְעִיטּוּר סוֹפְרִים, וְקַרְיָין וְלָא כְּתִיבָן, וּכְתִיבָן וְלָא קַרְיָין — הֲלָכָה לְמֹשֶׁה מִסִּינַי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
On a related note, **Rabbi Yitzḥak said: The vocalization of the scribes, and the ornamentation of the scribes, and** the verses with words that are **read but not written, and** those that are **written but not read** are all ***halakha*** transmitted **to Moses from Sinai.**


###### Nedarim 37b:7
[Nedarim 37b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:7)

מִקְרָא סוֹפְרִים: אָרֶץ, שָׁמָיִם, מִצְרָיִם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara elaborates: **The vocalization of the scribes** is referring to words that when they appear at the end of phrases, clauses, or verses, their vocalization changes, e.g., *eretz* with a *segol* under the letter *alef* to ***aretz*** with a *kamatz* under the letter *alef*; *shamayim* with a *pataḥ* under the letter *mem*, to ***shamayim*** with a *kamatz* under the letter *mem*; and *mitzrayim* with a *pataḥ* under the letter *reish*, to ***mitzrayim*** with a *kamatz* under the letter *reish*.


###### Nedarim 37b:8
[Nedarim 37b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:8)

עִיטּוּר סוֹפְרִים: ״אַחַר תַּעֲבֹרוּ״, ״אַחַר תֵּלֵךְ״, ״אַחַר תֵּאָסֵף״, ״קִדְּמוּ שָׁרִים אַחַר נֹגְנִים״, ״צִדְקָתְךָ כְּהַרְרֵי אֵל״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The ornamentation of the scribes** are expressions that the scribes understood in a manner that differs slightly from its plain understanding. For example: **“Then [*aḥar*] go on”** (Genesis 18:5); **“then [*aḥar*] she will go”** (Genesis 24:55); **“afterward [*aḥar*] you will be gathered”** (Numbers 31:2); **“the singers go before, the minstrels follow after [*aḥar*]”** (Psalms 68:26); **“Your righteousness is like the mighty mountains”** (Psalms 36:7).


###### Nedarim 37b:9
[Nedarim 37b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:9)

קַרְיָין וְלָא כְּתִיבָן: ״פְּרָת״ דִּ״בְלֶכְתּוֹ״, ״אִישׁ״ דְּ״כַאֲשֶׁר יִשְׁאַל אִישׁ בִּדְבַר הָאֱלֹהִים״, ״בָּאִים״ דְּ״נִבְנְתָה״, ״לָהּ״ דִּ״פְלֵיטָה״, ״אֵת״ ״דְּהֻגֵּד הֻגַּד״, ״אֵלַי״ דְּ״הַגֹּרֶן״, ״אֵלַי״ דְּ״הַשְּׂעֹרִים״, הָלֵין קַרְיָין וְלָא כְּתִבָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Words that are **read but not written** are included in the *halakha* transmitted to Moses from Sinai. For example, the word **“Euphrates” that** is in the phrase **“as he went** to establish his control over the river Euphrates” (II Samuel 8:3) is not written in the text of the Bible. The same is true for the word **“man” that** is in the verse “now the counsel of Ahithophel, which he counseled in those days, **was as if a man inquired of the word of God”** (II Samuel 16:23); and for the word **“come” that** is in the verse “behold, the days come, says the Lord, that the city **shall be built** to the Lord from the tower of Hananel unto the gate of the corner” (Jeremiah 31:37); and for **“her” that** is in the phrase “let her not have **escape”** (Jeremiah 50:29); **unto that** is in the verse “it has **been told me,** all that you have done unto your mother-in-law” (Ruth 2:11); and for **“to me” that** is found in the passage “and she said unto her: All that you say to me I will do. And she went down to **the threshing floor”** (Ruth 3:4–5); and for **“to me” that** is in the verse “he gave me these six measures of **barley;** for he said to me” (Ruth 3:17). **These** words **are read but not written.**


###### Nedarim 37b:10
[Nedarim 37b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/37b:10)

וּכְתִבָן וְלָא קַרְיָין: ״נָא דְּ״יִסְלַח״,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** there are words that are **written but not read.** For example, the word **“may” that** is in the verse “may God **forgive** your servant” (II Kings 5:18) appears in the Bible text but is not vocalized.