## Nedarim Daf 55a

###### Nedarim 55a:1
[Nedarim 55a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:1)

**מַתְנִי׳** הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן — אָסוּר בְּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי יָבֵשׁ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא בַּחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה — אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. אֲבָל הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַדָּגָן — אָסוּר בַּכֹּל, וּמוּתָּר בְּפֵירוֹת הָאִילָן וּבַיָּרָק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** For **one who vows** that **grain [*dagan*]** is forbidden **to** him, it **is prohibited to** eat **the dry cowpea,** because, like grain, its final stage of production involves being placed in a pile; this is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say:** It **is prohibited** for him to partake **of only the five species** of grain: Wheat, barley, oats, spelt, and rye, as that is the connotation of the term *dagan* in the Torah. **Rabbi Meir says:** For **one who vows** that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain **from** eating **grain [*tevua*],** it **is prohibited** for him to eat **from** only **the five species** of grain. **However,** for **one who vows** that grain is forbidden to him, and therefore he will refrain **from** eating **grain [*dagan*],** it **is prohibited to** eat **all** produce whose final stage of production involves being placed in a pile, e.g., dry cowpea, **and** it **is permitted** for him **to** eat **fruits of the tree and vegetables.**


###### Nedarim 55a:2
[Nedarim 55a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:2)

**גְּמָ׳** לְמֵימְרָא דְּ״דָגָן״ — כֹּל דְּמִידְּגַן מַשְׁמַע. מֵתִיב רַב יוֹסֵף: ״וְכִפְרֹץ הַדָּבָר הִרְבּוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל [רֵאשִׁית] דָּגָן תִּירוֹשׁ וְיִצְהָר וְכֹל תְּבוּאַת שָׂדֶה לָרֹב וְגוֹ׳״, וְאִי אָמְרַתְּ דָּגָן — כֹּל דְּמִידְּגַן מַשְׁמַע, מַאי ״כִּפְרֹץ הַדָּבָר הִרְבּוּ״? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: לְאֵתוֹיֵי פֵּירוֹת הָאִילָן וְיָרָק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara asks: **Is this to say that** according to Rabbi Meir, the term ***dagan* means any** produce **that is** harvested at one time and **placed in a pile [*midgan*]? Rav Yosef raised an objection:** After King Hezekiah called upon the people to give *teruma* and tithes properly, the verse states: **“And as soon as the matter was publicized, the children of Israel gave in abundance the first fruits of *dagan*, wine, and oil,** and honey, **and of all the *tevua* of the field;** and the tithe of all that they brought **in abundance”** (II Chronicles 31:5). **And if you say** that ***dagan* means any** produce **that is placed in a pile, what is** the meaning of the words **“As soon as the matter was publicized,** the children of Israel **gave in abundance** the first fruits of *dagan*…and of all the *tevua* of the field”? There is no need to list both *dagan* and all *tevua* of the field. **Abaye said:** *Tevua* comes **to include fruits of the tree and vegetables,** which they tithed although they are not included in *dagan*, as they are not harvested at one time and placed in a pile.


###### Nedarim 55a:3
[Nedarim 55a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:3)

רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה וְכוּ׳. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הַכֹּל מוֹדִים בְּנוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁאֵין אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: שָׁוִין בַּנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁאֵין אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. פְּשִׁיטָא! מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: ״תְּבוּאָה״ — כׇּל מִלֵּי מַשְׁמַע, קָמַשְׁמַע לַן דְּלָא מַשְׁמַע כׇּל מִלִּי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ We learned in the mishna that **Rabbi Meir says:** For **one who vows** that **grain** [***tevua*]** is forbidden **to** him, it is prohibited for him to eat from only the five species of grain. **Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Everyone concedes with regard to one who vows** that ***tevua*** is forbidden **to** him **that** it **is prohibited** for him to eat **from only the five species** of grain. The Rabbis do not disagree with Rabbi Meir in that regard. **That is also taught** in a *baraita*: **And they agree with regard to one who vows** that ***tevua*** is forbidden **to** him **that** it **is prohibited** for him to eat **from only the five species** of grain. The Gemara asks: **Isn’t** that **obvious,** as it is only those species that are called *tevua*. The Gemara answers: It is necessary; **lest you say** that ***tevua* means all items** that grow from the ground, therefore, the *tanna* **teaches us that** this expression **does not mean all items** that grow from the ground.


###### Nedarim 55a:4
[Nedarim 55a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:4)

מֵתִיב רַב יוֹסֵף: ״וְכִפְרֹץ הַדָּבָר הִרְבּוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל כּוּ׳״, אָמַר רָבָא: ״תְּבוּאָה״ לְחוּד, ״תְּבוּאַת שָׂדֶה״ לְחוּד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yosef raised an objection:** With regard to the verse **“And as soon as the matter was publicized, the children of Israel** gave **in abundance…**and of all the *tevua* of the field,” the phrase “and of all the *tevua* of the field” comes to include all crops that grow in the field. **Rava said: *Tevua* is discrete** and refers to only the five species of grain, **and *tevua* of the field is discrete** and refers to all crops that grow in the field.


###### Nedarim 55a:5
[Nedarim 55a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:5)

בַּר מָר שְׁמוּאֵל פַּקֵּיד דְּלִיתְּנוּן תְּלֵיסַר אַלְפֵי זוּזִי לְרָבָא מִן עֲלַלְתָּא דִּנְהַר פַּנְיָא. שַׁלְחַהּ רָבָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב יוֹסֵף: ״עֲלַלְתָּא״ הֵיכִי מִיקַּרְיָא? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף, מַתְנִיתִין הִיא: וְשָׁוִין בַּנּוֹדֵר מִן הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁאֵין אָסוּר אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: מִי דָּמֵי? ״תְּבוּאָה״ — לָא מַשְׁמַע אֶלָּא מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת הַמִּינִין, ״עֲלַלְתָּא״ — כׇּל מִילֵּי מַשְׁמַע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara relates: **The son of Master Shmuel commanded** his workers **that they give thirteen thousand dinars to Rava from the crop [*alalta*]** produced in his fields on the banks **of the Panya River. Rava sent** this question **before Rav Yosef: What is called *alalta*;** what crops are included in the category of *alalta*? **Rav Yosef said: It is** as it is taught in the ***baraita*** cited above: **And they agree with regard to one who vows** that ***tevua*** is forbidden **to** him **that** it **is prohibited** for him to eat **from only the five species** of grain; just as *tevua* includes only the five species, so too *alalta* includes only the five species. **Abaye said to** him: **Are** the two cases **comparable?** Although ***tevua* means** grain and includes **only the five species, *alalta* means** crop and includes **all items** that grow.


###### Nedarim 55a:6
[Nedarim 55a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:6)

אַהְדְּרוּהוּ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא. אֲמַר: הָא לָא קָא מִיבַּעְיָא לִי דַּ״עֲלַלְתָּא״ כׇּל מִילֵּי מַשְׁמַע. הָדָא הוּא דְּאִיבַּעְיָא לִי: שְׂכַר בָּתִּים וּשְׂכַר סְפִינוֹת מַאי? מִי אָמְרִינַן: כֵּיוָן דְּפָחֲתָן, לָאו עֲלַלְתָּא הִיא. אוֹ דִילְמָא: כֵּיוָן דְּלָא יְדִיעַ פְּחָתַיְיהוּ — עֲלַלְתָּא הִיא. אַמְרוּהָ רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב יוֹסֵף, אָמַר: וְכִי מֵאַחַר דְּלָא צְרִיךְ לַן, אַמַּאי שְׁלַח לַן? אִיקְּפַד רַב יוֹסֵף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The messengers **returned** with the answer to his question and came **before Rava. He said: That was not a dilemma for me,** i.e., the fact **that *alalta* means all items** that grow. **This is** the matter **that is a dilemma for me: What is** the legal status of profits from the **rent of houses and the rent of boats? Do we say: Since they depreciate,** their legal status is **not** comparable to **that** of **a crop?** Only items that are consistently profitable are similar to crops. Houses and boats deteriorate with use, and their depreciation diminishes the profits. **Or perhaps, since their depreciation is not conspicuous,** their legal status **is** comparable to that of **a crop. The Rabbis stated** Rava’s reaction **before Rav Yosef.** Rav Yosef **said: And since he does not need us,** and he believes that he knows the answer himself, **why did he send us** the question? **Rav Yosef became angry** with Rava.


###### Nedarim 55a:7
[Nedarim 55a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:7)

שְׁמַע רָבָא, וַאֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ בְּמַעֲלֵי יוֹמָא דְכִפּוּרֵי. אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ לְשַׁמָּעֵיהּ דַּהֲוָה קָא מָזֵיג קַמֵּיהּ כָּסָא דְחַמְרָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַב לִי דְּאֶמְזִיג לֵיהּ אֲנָא. יְהַב לֵיהּ, וְקָא מָזֵיג אִיהוּ כָּסָא דְחַמְרָא. כִּי קָא שָׁתֵי אֲמַר: הָדֵין מִיזְגָּא דָּמֵי לְמִיזְגָּא דְּרָבָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יוֹסֵף בַּר חָמָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הוּא נִיהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava heard** that Rav Yosef was angry **and came before him on Yom Kippur eve** to appease him. **He found the attendant of Rav Yosef, who was diluting a cup of wine** with water **before him.** Rava **said to** the attendant: **Give me** the cup so **that I will dilute** the wine **for him.** The attendant **gave** it **to him and** Rava **diluted the cup of wine. While** Rav Yosef, who was blind, **was drinking** the wine, **he said: This dilution is similar to the dilution of Rava, son of Rav Yosef bar Ḥama,** who would dilute wine with more than the standard amount of water. Rava **said to him:** Correct, **it is he.**


###### Nedarim 55a:8
[Nedarim 55a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:8)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָא תִּיתֵּיב אַכַּרְעָךְ עַד דְּאָמְרַתְּ לִי פֵּירוּשָׁא דְּהָדֵין מִילְּתָא: מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״וּמִמִּדְבָּר מַתָּנָה וּמִמַּתָּנָה נַחֲלִיאֵל וּמִנַּחֲלִיאֵל בָּמוֹת״?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Yosef **said to** Rava: **Do not sit on your feet until you tell me the explanation of this matter: What is** the meaning of that **which is written: “And from the wilderness Mattana and from Mattana Nahaliel, and from Nahaliel Bamot”** (Numbers 21:18–19)?


###### Nedarim 55a:9
[Nedarim 55a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/55a:9)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: כֵּיוָן שֶׁעוֹשֶׂה אָדָם אֶת עַצְמוֹ כַּמִּדְבָּר, שֶׁהוּא מוּפְקָר לַכֹּל — תּוֹרָה נִיתְּנָה לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּמִמִּדְבָּר מַתָּנָה״. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנִּיתְּנָה לוֹ בְּמַתָּנָה — נְחָלוֹ אֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּמִמַּתָּנָה נַחֲלִיאֵל״. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנְּחָלוֹ אֵל — עוֹלֶה לִגְדוּלָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּמִנַּחֲלִיאֵל בָּמוֹת״. וְאִם הִגְבִּיהַּ עַצְמוֹ — הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַשְׁפִּילוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּמִבָּמוֹת הַגַּיְא״, וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁשּׁוֹקְעִין אוֹתוֹ בַּקַּרְקַע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְנִשְׁקָפָה עַל פְּנֵי הַיְשִׁימוֹן״. וְאִם חוֹזֵר בּוֹ — הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַגְבִּיהוֹ

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava **said to him** that it means: **Once a person renders himself like a wilderness, deserted before all, the Torah is given to him as a gift [*mattana*], as it is stated: “And from the wilderness Mattana.” And once it is given to him as a gift, God bequeaths [*naḥalo*]** it to **him, as it is stated: “And from Mattana Nahaliel.” And once God bequeaths** it to **him, he rises to greatness, as it is stated: And from Nahaliel, Bamot,** which are elevated places. **And if he elevates himself** and is arrogant about his Torah, **the Holy One, Blessed be He, degrades him, as it is stated: “And from Bamot the valley”** (Numbers 21:20). **And not only** is he degraded, **but one lowers him into the ground, as it is stated: “And looking over [*nishkafa*] the face of the wasteland”** (Numbers 21:20), like a threshold [*iskopa*] that is sunken into the ground. **And if he reverses his** arrogance and becomes humble, **the Holy One, Blessed be He, elevates him,**