## Nedarim Daf 78b

###### Nedarim 78b:1
[Nedarim 78b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/78b:1)

מוֹעֲדֵי ה׳ צְרִיכִין קִידּוּשׁ בֵּית דִּין, שַׁבַּת בְּרֵאשִׁית אֵין צְרִיכָה קִידּוּשׁ בֵּית דִּין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Festivals of the Lord require sanctification by the court,** as the Festival dates are established by the court’s determination of the New Moon, whereas **Shabbat,** which commemorates **Creation, does not require sanctification by the court.** Shabbat is sanctified every week independent of any court decision.


###### Nedarim 78b:2
[Nedarim 78b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/78b:2)

מוֹעֲדֵי ה׳ צְרִיכִין מוּמְחֶה, וְאֵין פָּרָשַׁת נְדָרִים צְרִיכִין מוּמְחֶה, אֲפִילּוּ בֵּית דִּין הֶדְיוֹטוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
As for ben Azzai’s statement, it should be understood as follows: **The Festivals of the Lord require an expert,** as the start of the month, which is dependent upon the appearance of the new moon, which in turn determines the Festivals, can be established only by a court composed of experts. **But the portion on vows does not require an expert,** i.e., vows can be dissolved **even** by **a court of laymen.** This explanation of the *baraita* given to Rav Asi bar Natan also serves to explain Beit Shammai’s source for the *halakha* that three laymen can dissolve vows.


###### Nedarim 78b:3
[Nedarim 78b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/78b:3)

וְהָא בְּפָרָשַׁת נְדָרִים ״רָאשֵׁי הַמַּטּוֹת״ כְּתִיב! אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: בְּיָחִיד מוּמְחֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: **But in the portion on vows** the phrase **“the heads of the tribes”** (Numbers 30:2) **is written.** How, then, can it be said that vows can be dissolved by laymen? **Rav Ḥisda said, and some say** it was **Rabbi Yoḥanan:** From “the heads of the tribes,” the Sages derive that vows can be dissolved **by a single expert** by himself, but three laymen also have that ability.


###### Nedarim 78b:4
[Nedarim 78b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/78b:4)

אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: הַשּׁוֹתֵק עַל מְנָת לְמֵיקַט, מֵפֵר אֲפִילּוּ מִכָּאן וְעַד עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים. מֵתִיב רָבָא: אֵימָתַי אָמְרוּ מֵת הַבַּעַל נִתְרוֹקְנָה רְשׁוּת לָאָב — בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא שָׁמַע הַבַּעַל, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁמַע וְשָׁתַק, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁמַע וְהֵפֵר וּמֵת בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם. אֲבָל שָׁמַע וְקִיֵּים, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁמַע וְשָׁתַק וּמֵת בַּיּוֹם שֶׁל אַחֲרָיו — אֵין יָכוֹל לְהָפֵר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rabbi Ḥanina says:** A husband **who is silent** and does not formally nullify his wife’s vow **in order to annoy [*lemeikat*]** her, but intends to nullify it later, **can nullify** it **even from now until ten days** later. **Rava raised an objection** to this from a *baraita*: **When did they say** that if **the husband** of a betrothed young woman **dies,** the **authority** to nullify the woman’s vows **reverts to the father?** The authority reverts to the father **when the husband did not hear** of her vow, **or when he heard and was silent, or when he heard and nullified** it **and died on the same day. But** if **he heard and ratified** it, **or if he heard and was silent and died on the following day, he,** the father, **cannot nullify** the vow.


###### Nedarim 78b:5
[Nedarim 78b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/78b:5)

מַאי לָאו, בְּשׁוֹתֵק עַל מְנָת לְמֵיקַט? לֹא, בְּשׁוֹתֵק עַל מְנָת לְקַיֵּים. אִי הָכִי, הַיְינוּ אוֹ שָׁמַע וְקִיֵּים! אֶלָּא, בְּשׁוֹתֵק סְתָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What, is** the phrase: Heard and was silent, **not** referring even **to one who is silent in order to annoy** her, and nevertheless nullification is only possible that day, contradicting the opinion of Rabbi Ḥanina? The Gemara answers: **No,** the *baraita* is referring **to one who is silent in order to sustain** the vow. The Gemara asks: **If so, this is** the same as: **Or he heard and ratified,** mentioned earlier in the *baraita*. **Rather,** the *baraita* is referring **to one who is silent without any specific** intent, as opposed to the husband who is silent in order to annoy his wife, whose intent is to nullify the vow.


###### Nedarim 78b:6
[Nedarim 78b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Nedarim/r/78b:6)

מֵתִיב רַב חִסְדָּא: חוֹמֶר בְּהָקֵם מִבְּהָפֵר, וּבְהָפֵר מִבְּהָקֵם. חוֹמֶר בְּהָקֵם —

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Ḥisda raised an objection** from a different *baraita*: In some ways the *halakha* is more **stringent in ratification than in nullification, and** in other ways it is more stringent **in nullification than in ratification.** The **stringency in ratification** of vows is