## Niddah Daf 62a

###### Niddah 62a:1
[Niddah 62a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:1)

קִמוֹנְיָא, וְאַשְׁלָג.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Cimolian earth [*kamonya*], and potash [*eshlag*].**


###### Niddah 62a:2
[Niddah 62a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:2)

הִטְבִּילוֹ וְעָשָׂה עַל גַּבָּיו טְהָרוֹת, הֶעֱבִיר עָלָיו שִׁבְעָה סַמָּנִין וְלֹא עָבַר — הֲרֵי זֶה צֶבַע, הַטְּהָרוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַטְבִּיל. עָבַר אוֹ שֶׁדֵּהָה — הֲרֵי זֶה כֶּתֶם, וְהַטְּהָרוֹת טְמֵאוֹת וְצָרִיךְ לְהַטְבִּיל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If **one immersed** the garment with the stain whose nature is unknown **and** then **handled ritually pure items with** the garment, and then **applied** these **seven substances to** the stain **and it did not disappear, that** stain **is** presumably from **a dye, and** therefore **the ritually pure items are pure, and he need not immerse** the garment again, as there is no impurity. If the stain **disappeared or if it faded, that is** a blood **stain, and the ritually pure items** that he handled **are impure, and he must immerse** the garment again.


###### Niddah 62a:3
[Niddah 62a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:3)

אֵיזֶהוּ רוֹק תָּפֵל? כֹּל שֶׁלֹּא טָעַם כְּלוּם. מֵי גְרִיסִין — לְעִיסַּת גְּרִיסִין שֶׁל פּוֹל חֲלוּקַת נֶפֶשׁ. מֵי רַגְלַיִם — שֶׁהֶחְמִיצוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What is tasteless saliva?** It is saliva that emerges from the mouth of **any** person **who tasted nothing** all night, when he first awakens in the morning. **Liquid from split beans** is created through **the chewing of split beans** that **divided naturally,** not by human hand, which is then applied to the stain. The **urine** that is an effective detergent is specifically urine **that fermented** for three days.


###### Niddah 62a:4
[Niddah 62a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:4)

וְצָרִיךְ לְכַסְכֵּס שָׁלֹשׁ פְּעָמִים לְכׇל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, הֶעֱבִירָן שֶׁלֹּא כְּסִדְרָן, אוֹ שֶׁהֶעֱבִיר שִׁבְעָה סַמָּנִין כְּאַחַת — לֹא עָשָׂה וְלֹא כְלוּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And one must rub each and every one** of the substances **three times** over the stain, and one must apply them separately, and one must apply them in the order they are listed in the mishna. If **one applied them** in a manner that is **not in their** prescribed **order, or if one applied** all **seven substances simultaneously, he has done nothing.** One cannot determine by means of that examination whether it is blood or a dye.


###### Niddah 62a:5
[Niddah 62a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:5)

**גְּמָ'** תָּנָא: נֶתֶר אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִית, וְלֹא נֶתֶר אַנְטִפַּטְרִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara clarifies the identities of the seven substances that remove blood stains. With regard to natron, a Sage **taught** in a *baraita*: This is referring to **Alexandrian natron,** i.e., from the city in Egypt, **and not natron from Anpantrin,** which is of a different quality.


###### Niddah 62a:6
[Niddah 62a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:6)

בּוֹרִית. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: זֶה אַהֲלָא. וְהָתַנְיָא: הַבּוֹרִית וְהָאָהָל! אֶלָּא מַאי בּוֹרִית? כַּבְרִיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna lists ***borit*** as one of the seven substances. **Rav Yehuda says: This** is referring to **ice plant.** The Gemara raises an objection: **But isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: ***Borit* and ice plant,** which indicates that they are two different substances? **Rather, what is *borit*? Sulfur.**


###### Niddah 62a:7
[Niddah 62a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:7)

וּרְמִינְהִי: הוֹסִיפוּ עֲלֵיהֶן הַלְבֵּיצִין, וְהַלְּעוֹנִין, הַבּוֹרִית, וְהָאָהָל. וְאִי בּוֹרִית כַּבְרִיתָא, מִי אִית לֵיהּ שְׁבִיעִית? וְהָתְנַן: זֶה הַכְּלָל: כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ עִיקָּר — יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁבִיעִית, וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ עִיקָּר — אֵין לוֹ שְׁבִיעִית! אֶלָּא מַאי בּוֹרִית? אַהֲלָא. וְהָתַנְיָא: הַבּוֹרִית וְהָאָהָל! תְּרֵי גַּוְונֵי אַהֲלָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** the Gemara **raises a contradiction** from the *baraita* discussing the *halakha* of plants whose use is prohibited during the Sabbatical Year: **They added to** the list of such plants: Bulbs of **ornithogalum, and wormwood,** and ***borit*, and ice plant. And if it would enter your mind** to say that *borit* is **sulfur, is there sulfur** that is subject to the *halakhot* **of the Sabbatical Year? But didn’t we learn** in a *baraita* that **this is the principle: Anything that has a root** and grows **is** subject to the *halakhot* of **the Sabbatical Year, and** anything **that does not have a root is not** subject to the *halakhot* of **the Sabbatical Year? Rather, what** is ***borit*?** It is **ice plant. But isn’t it taught** in the *baraita*: And ***borit* and ice plant?** The Gemara explains that there are **two types** of **ice plant,** one of which is called *borit*.


###### Niddah 62a:8
[Niddah 62a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:8)

קִמוֹנְיָא. אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: שְׁלוֹף דּוֹץ. וְאַשְׁלָג, אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: שְׁאֵלְתִּינְהוּ לְנָחוֹתֵי יַמָּא, וַאֲמַרוּ: אַשְׁלָגָא שְׁמֵיהּ, וּמִשְׁתְּכַח בֵּינֵי נִקְבֵי מַרְגָּנִיתָא, וּמַפְּקִי לֵהּ בְּרַמְצָא דְּפַרְזְלָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the **Cimolian earth** mentioned in the mishna, **Rav Yehuda said:** This is the earth referred to as: **Pull out, stick in. And** with regard to the ***eshlag*** mentioned in the mishna, **Shmuel said: I asked** all of **the seafarers** about the identity of *eshlag*, **and they told me it is called *ashlega*,** in Aramaic, **and can be found in the shell of the pearl, and is removed with an iron skewer.**


###### Niddah 62a:9
[Niddah 62a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:9)

הִטְבִּילוֹ וְעָשָׂה [כּוּ׳]. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הֶעֱבִיר עָלָיו שִׁבְעָה סַמָּנִין וְלֹא עָבַר, צַפּוֹן וְעָבַר — טׇהֳרוֹתָיו טְמֵאוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna teaches: If **one immersed** the garment with the stain whose nature is unknown **and** then **handled** ritually pure items with the garment, and then applied these seven substances to the stain and it did not disappear, that stain is a dye, and therefore the ritually pure items are pure, and he need not immerse the garment again, as there is no impurity. **The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: If **one applied these seven substances to** the stain **and it did not disappear,** but he then applied **soap [*tzafon*] and it disappeared,** any **ritually pure** items that he handled with the garment **are impure.**


###### Niddah 62a:10
[Niddah 62a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:10)

צַפּוֹן צֶבַע נָמֵי מְעַבַּר! אֶלָּא, הֶעֱבִיר עָלָיו שִׁשָּׁה סַמָּנִין וְלֹא עָבַר, הֶעֱבִיר עָלָיו צַפּוֹן וְעָבַר — טׇהֳרוֹתָיו טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁאִם הֶעֱבִיר שְׁבִיעִי מִתְּחִילָּה, שֶׁמָּא עָבַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises an objection with regard to this ruling: But **soap causes dye to disappear as well;** why then should one assume that the stain was blood? **Rather,** the *baraita* means that if **one applied** only **six of the** seven **substances to it and** the stain **did not disappear,** and he then **applied soap to** the stain **and it disappeared,** any **ritually pure** items that he handled with the garment **are impure.** The reason is **that if he had applied** all **seven** substances **initially, perhaps** the stain would have **disappeared,** proving that it was blood. Consequently, the garment is rendered impure due to uncertainty.


###### Niddah 62a:11
[Niddah 62a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:11)

תַּנְיָא אִידַּךְ: הֶעֱבִיר עָלָיו שִׁבְעָה סַמָּנִין וְלֹא עָבַר, שְׁנָאָן וְעָבַר — טׇהֳרוֹתָיו טְהוֹרוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It is taught** in **another** *baraita*: If **one applied** the **seven substances to** the stain **and it did not disappear,** indicating that it is a dye, and he then **repeated** and applied the seven substances a second time **and** the stain **disappeared,** any **ritually pure** items that he handled with the garment remain **ritually pure.**


###### Niddah 62a:12
[Niddah 62a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Niddah/r/62a:12)

אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא הַטְּהָרוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בֵּין תִּכְבּוֹסֶת רִאשׁוֹנָה לַשְּׁנִיָּה, אֲבָל טְהָרוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ אַחַר תִּכְבּוֹסֶת שְׁנִיָּה — טׇהֳרוֹתָיו טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁהֲרֵי הִקְפִּיד עָלָיו וְעָבַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In explanation of this *baraita*, **Rabbi Zeira says: They taught** that the pure items remain pure **only** with regard to **the ritually pure** items **that were handled between** the **first washing** with the seven substances **and the second** washing. **But** with regard to any **pure** items **that were handled** with the garment **after** the **second washing,** these **pure** items become **impure, as he was particular about it,** i.e., by repeating the washing procedure he showed he was concerned that it might be blood, **and** the stain **disappeared,** demonstrating that it was in fact blood.