## Pesachim Daf 108b

###### Pesachim 108b:1
[Pesachim 108b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:1)

שֶׁאַף הֵן הָיוּ בְּאוֹתוֹ הַנֵּס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As they too were** included **in that miracle** of the Exodus, they are therefore obligated to participate in the celebration.


###### Pesachim 108b:2
[Pesachim 108b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:2)

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אַרְבָּעָה כּוֹסוֹת הַלָּלוּ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא בָּהֶן כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת כּוֹס יָפֶה. שְׁתָאָן חַי — יָצָא. שְׁתָאָן בְּבַת אַחַת — יָצָא. הִשְׁקָה מֵהֶן לְבָנָיו וְלִבְנֵי בֵיתוֹ — יָצָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yehuda said** that **Shmuel said: These four cups must contain** enough undiluted wine to allow **for diluting a significant cup.** In talmudic times, people would not drink pure wine. They would dilute it with water, generally adding three times as much water as wine. If **one drank them undiluted,** he has **fulfilled** his obligation. If **one drank them all at once,** i.e., he poured all four cups of wine into one large cup and drank it, he has **fulfilled** the obligation. If **one gave his sons or the members of his household to drink from them,** he has nevertheless **fulfilled** the obligation.


###### Pesachim 108b:3
[Pesachim 108b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:3)

שְׁתָאָן חַי יָצָא, אָמַר רָבָא: יְדֵי יַיִן — יָצָא, יְדֵי חֵירוּת — לֹא יָצָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara now addresses each of these rulings of Shmuel in turn. Shmuel said that if **one drank them undiluted** he has **fulfilled** his obligation. **Rava said:** He has **fulfilled** the obligation to drink the four cups of **wine,** but he has **not fulfilled** the obligation to drink in a way that expresses **freedom,** which is the preferable way to fulfill the mitzva, as aristocrats do not drink undiluted wine.


###### Pesachim 108b:4
[Pesachim 108b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:4)

שְׁתָאָן בְּבַת אַחַת, רַב אָמַר: יְדֵי יַיִן — יָצָא, יְדֵי אַרְבָּעָה כּוֹסוֹת — לֹא יָצָא. הִשְׁקָה מֵהֶן לְבָנָיו וְלִבְנֵי בֵיתוֹ — יָצָא, אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: וְהוּא דְּאִשְׁתִּי רוּבָּא דְכָסָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If **one drank** the four cups **all at once, Rav said** that he has **fulfilled** the obligation to drink **wine** as an expression of rejoicing on the Festival, but he has **not fulfilled** the obligation to drink **four cups,** which requires four distinct cups, each drunk separately. Shmuel also stated that if **one gave his sons or the members of his household to drink from them,** he has nevertheless **fulfilled** his obligation. **Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: And this is** the case only **if he** himself **drank the majority of the cup.**


###### Pesachim 108b:5
[Pesachim 108b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:5)

מֵיתִיבִי: אַרְבָּעָה כּוֹסוֹת הַלָּלוּ צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא בָּהֶן כְּדֵי רְבִיעִית, אֶחָד חַי וְאֶחָד מָזוּג, אֶחָד חָדָשׁ וְאֶחָד יָשָׁן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ טַעַם וּמַרְאֵה יַיִן. קָתָנֵי מִיהַת כְּדֵי רְבִיעִית, וְאַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ כּוֹס יָפֶה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** to the above rulings from a *baraita*: **These four cups must contain** one **quarter**-*log*, **whether** the wine **is undiluted or diluted, whether** it is **new or aged. Rabbi Yehuda says: It must have the taste and appearance of wine. In any event,** this *baraita* **is teaching** that each cup must contain at least the amount **of** one **quarter-***log*, **and** yet **you said** that each must contain enough for diluting **a significant cup.**


###### Pesachim 108b:6
[Pesachim 108b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:6)

אָמְרִי: אִידֵּי וְאִידֵּי חַד שִׁיעוּרָא הוּא, מַאי ״כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת כּוֹס יָפֶה״ דְּקָאָמַר — לְכׇל חַד וְחַד, דְּהָוֵי לְהוּ כּוּלְּהוּ רְבִיעִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**They say** in response that **this and that are one** and the same **measure.** The Gemara explains: **What** is the meaning of the expression: **Enough for diluting a significant cup, which** Shmuel **said?** He meant that there must be enough undiluted wine **for each and every one** of the cups, i.e., one quarter-*log* of diluted wine. **This** amounts to one **quarter**-*log* of undiluted wine **for all of them** combined. A significant cup contains one quarter-*log*. This quarter-*log* is comprised of one quarter undiluted wine and three quarters water. Therefore, each cup must contain at least one quarter of one quarter-*log* of undiluted wine, so that one consumes a full quarter-*log* of liquid from each cup.


###### Pesachim 108b:7
[Pesachim 108b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:7)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ טַעַם וּמַרְאֶה. אָמַר רָבָא: מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דִּכְתִיב: ״אַל תֵּרֶא יַיִן כִּי יִתְאַדָּם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* stated that **Rabbi Yehuda says** the cup from which one drinks **must have** the **taste and appearance** of wine. **Rava said: What is the reason** for the opinion **of Rabbi Yehuda? As it is written: “Look not upon wine when it is red”** (Proverbs 23:31). This verse proves that the appearance of wine and not only its taste is important.


###### Pesachim 108b:8
[Pesachim 108b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/108b:8)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַכֹּל חַיָּיבִין בְּאַרְבָּעָה כּוֹסוֹת הַלָּלוּ, אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים, וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים, וְאֶחָד תִּינוֹקוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וְכִי מָה תּוֹעֶלֶת יֵשׁ לְתִינוֹקוֹת בְּיַיִן? אֶלָּא מְחַלְּקִין לָהֶן

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: **All are obligated in these four cups, including men, women, and children. Rabbi Yehuda said: What benefit do children receive from wine?** They do not enjoy it. **Rather, one distributes to them**