## Pesachim Daf 116a

###### Pesachim 116a:1
[Pesachim 116a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:1)

אַף כָּאן בִּפְרוּסָה. דָּבָר אַחֵר: מָה דַּרְכּוֹ שֶׁל עָנִי הוּא מַסִּיק וְאִשְׁתּוֹ אוֹפָה, אַף כָּאן נָמֵי — הוּא מַסִּיק וְאִשְׁתּוֹ אוֹפָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**so too, here** he should use **a piece** of *matza*. **Alternatively: Just as the manner of a poor person** is that **he heats** the oven **and his wife bakes** quickly, before the small amount of wood they have is used up, **so too here;** when baking *matza*, **he heats the oven and his wife bakes** quickly so the dough doesn’t rise. This is why *matza* is called the poor man’s bread.


###### Pesachim 116a:2
[Pesachim 116a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:2)

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין חֲרוֹסֶת מִצְוָה. וְאִי לָא מִצְוָה, מִשּׁוּם מַאי מַיְיתֵי לַהּ? אָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי: מִשּׁוּם קָפָא. אָמַר רַב אַסִּי: קָפָא דְחַסָּא — חָמָא. קָפָא דְּחָמָא — כַּרָּתֵי. [קָפָא דְכַרָּתֵי — חַמִּימֵי.] קָפָא דְּכוּלְּהוּ — חַמִּימֵי. אַדְּהָכִי וְהָכִי, נֵימָא הָכִי: ״קָפָא קָפָא, דְּכִירְנָא לָךְ וּלְשַׁב בְּנָתָיךְ וּלְתַמְנֵי כַּלָּתָךְ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna states that they bring the *ḥaroset* to the leader of the seder, **although** eating ***ḥaroset* is not a mitzva.** The Gemara asks: **And if** it **is not a mitzva, for what** reason does one **bring it** to the seder? **Rabbi Ami said:** It is brought **due to** the **poison** in the bitter herbs, which is neutralized by the *ḥaroset*. In this regard, **Rav Asi said:** The remedy for one who ate the **poison in lettuce** is to eat **a radish.** The remedy **for the poison in a radish** is **leeks.** The remedy for **the poison in leeks** is **hot** water. A remedy **for the poison in all** vegetables is **hot** water. The Gemara comments: **In the meantime,** while one is waiting for someone to bring him the remedy, **let him say** the following incantation: **Poison, poison, I remember you, and your seven daughters, and your eight daughters-in-law.**


###### Pesachim 116a:3
[Pesachim 116a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:3)

רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר מִצְוָה וְכוּ׳. מַאי מִצְוָה? רַבִּי לֵוִי אוֹמֵר: זֵכֶר לַתַּפּוּחַ. וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אוֹמֵר: זֵכֶר לַטִּיט. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הִלְכָּךְ צְרִיךְ לְקַהוֹיֵיהּ וּצְרִיךְ לְסַמּוֹכֵיהּ. לְקַהוֹיֵיהּ — זֵכֶר לַתַּפּוּחַ, וּצְרִיךְ לְסַמּוֹכֵיהּ — זֵכֶר לַטִּיט.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna states: **Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Tzadok, says** that eating *ḥaroset* is **a mitzva.** The Gemara asks: **What** is the nature of this **mitzva?** The Gemara answers: **Rabbi Levi says:** It is **in remembrance of the apple,** as apple is one of the ingredients in *ḥaroset*. The verse states: “Who is this who comes up from the wilderness, reclining upon her beloved? Under the apple tree I awakened you” (Song of Songs 8:5), which is an allusion to the Jewish people leaving Egypt. **And Rabbi Yoḥanan says:** The *ḥaroset* is **in remembrance of the mortar** used by the Jews for their slave labor in Egypt. **Abaye said: Therefore,** to fulfill both opinions, one **must** prepare it **tart and** one **must** prepare it **thick.** One must prepare it **tart in remembrance of the apple, and** one **must** prepare it **thick in remembrance of the mortar.**


###### Pesachim 116a:4
[Pesachim 116a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:4)

תַּנְיָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: תַּבְלִין זֵכֶר לַתֶּבֶן, חֲרוֹסֶת זֵכֶר לַטִּיט. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק, כָּךְ הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים תַּגָּרֵי חָרָךְ שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם: בּוֹאוּ וּטְלוּ לָכֶם תַּבְלִין לְמִצְוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It **was taught** in a *baraita* **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yoḥanan:** The **spices** used in the *ḥaroset* are **in remembrance of the hay** that our forefathers used for building in Egypt, and the ***ḥaroset*** itself **is in remembrance of the mortar. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Tzadok, said:** When selling *ḥaroset*, **the small shopkeepers in Jerusalem would say as follows: Come and take spices for yourselves for** the **mitzva.**


###### Pesachim 116a:5
[Pesachim 116a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:5)

**מַתְנִי׳** מָזְגוּ לוֹ כּוֹס שֵׁנִי וְכָאן הַבֵּן שׁוֹאֵל אָבִיו. וְאִם אֵין דַּעַת בַּבֵּן אָבִיו מְלַמְּדוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** The attendants **poured the second cup for** the leader of the seder, **and here the son asks his father** the questions about the differences between Passover night and a regular night. **And if the son does not have the intelligence** to ask questions on his own, **his father teaches him** the questions.


###### Pesachim 116a:6
[Pesachim 116a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:6)

מָה נִשְׁתַּנָּה הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה מִכׇּל הַלֵּילוֹת. שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין חָמֵץ וּמַצָּה, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — כּוּלּוֹ מַצָּה. שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין שְׁאָר יְרָקוֹת, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — מָרוֹר. שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין בָּשָׂר צָלִי שָׁלוּק וּמְבוּשָּׁל, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — כּוּלּוֹ צָלִי. שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ מַטְבִּילִין פַּעַם אֶחָת, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna lists the questions: **Why is this night different from all other nights? As on all other nights we eat leavened bread and *matza*** as preferred; **on this night all** our bread is ***matza*. As on all other nights we eat other vegetables; on this night** we eat **bitter herbs.** The mishna continues its list of the questions. When the Temple was standing one would ask: **As on all other nights we eat** either **roasted, stewed,** or **cooked meat,** but **on this night all** the meat is the **roasted** meat of the Paschal lamb. The final question was asked even after the destruction of the Temple: **As on all other nights we dip** the vegetables in a liquid during the meal only **once;** however, **on this night** we dip **twice.**


###### Pesachim 116a:7
[Pesachim 116a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:7)

וּלְפִי דַּעְתּוֹ שֶׁל בֵּן אָבִיו מְלַמְּדוֹ. מַתְחִיל בִּגְנוּת וּמְסַיֵּים בְּשֶׁבַח. וְדוֹרֵשׁ מֵ״אֲרַמִּי אוֹבֵד אָבִי״, עַד שֶׁיִּגְמוֹר כׇּל הַפָּרָשָׁה כּוּלָּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And according to the intelligence** and the ability **of** the **son, his father teaches him** about the Exodus. When teaching his son about the Exodus. **He begins with** the Jewish people’s **disgrace and concludes with** their **glory. And he expounds from** the passage: **“An Aramean tried to destroy my father”** (Deuteronomy 26:5), the declaration one recites when presenting his first fruits at the Temple, **until he concludes** explaining **the entire section.**


###### Pesachim 116a:8
[Pesachim 116a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:8)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: חָכָם בְּנוֹ — שׁוֹאֲלוֹ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ חָכָם — אִשְׁתּוֹ שׁוֹאַלְתּוֹ, וְאִם לָאו — הוּא שׁוֹאֵל לְעַצְמוֹ, וַאֲפִילּוּ שְׁנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁיּוֹדְעִין בְּהִלְכוֹת הַפֶּסַח — שׁוֹאֲלִין זֶה לָזֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught:** If **his son is wise** and knows how to inquire, his son **asks him. And if he is not wise, his wife asks him. And if** even his wife is **not** capable of asking or if he has no wife, **he asks himself. And even** if **two Torah scholars who know the *halakhot* of Passover** are sitting together and there is no one else present to pose the questions, they **ask each other.**


###### Pesachim 116a:9
[Pesachim 116a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:9)

מָה נִשְׁתַּנָּה הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה מִכׇּל הַלֵּילוֹת, שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ מַטְבִּילִין פַּעַם אֶחָת, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים. מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רָבָא: אַטּוּ כׇּל יוֹמָא לָא סַגִּיא דְּלָא מְטַבְּלָא חֲדָא זִימְנָא? אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא, הָכִי קָתָנֵי: שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אֵין אָנוּ חַיָּיבִין לְטַבֵּל אֲפִילּוּ פַּעַם אֶחָת, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna states that one of the questions is: **Why is this night different from all other nights? As on all other nights we dip once;** however, **on this night** we dip **twice. Rava strongly objects to this** statement of the mishna: **Is that to say** that on **every** other **day there is no alternative** but to **dip once?** Is there an obligation to dip at all on other days, as indicated by the wording of the mishna? **Rather, Rava said** that **this is what** the mishna **is teaching: As on all other nights we are not obligated to dip even once;** however, **on this night** we are obligated to dip **twice.**


###### Pesachim 116a:10
[Pesachim 116a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:10)

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב סָפְרָא: חִיּוּבָא לְדַרְדְּקֵי?! אֶלָּא אָמַר רַב סָפְרָא, הָכִי קָתָנֵי: אֵין אָנוּ מַטְבִּילִין אֲפִילּוּ פַּעַם אֶחָת, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה — שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Safra strongly objects to this** explanation: Is it **obligatory for the children?** As previously mentioned, the reason one dips twice is to encourage the children to ask questions. How can this be called an obligation? **Rather, Rav Safra said** that **this is what** the mishna **is teaching: We do not** normally **dip even once;** however, **on this night** we dip **twice.** This wording is preferable, as it indicates the performance of an optional act.


###### Pesachim 116a:11
[Pesachim 116a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:11)

מַתְחִיל בִּגְנוּת וּמְסַיֵּים בְּשֶׁבַח. מַאי בִּגְנוּת? רַב אָמַר: ״מִתְּחִלָּה עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הָיוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ״. [וּשְׁמוּאֵל] אָמַר: ״עֲבָדִים הָיִינוּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It was taught in the mishna that the father **begins** his answer **with disgrace and concludes with glory.** The Gemara asks: **What** is the meaning of the term: **With disgrace? Rav said** that one should begin by saying: **At first our forefathers were idol worshippers,** before concluding with words of glory. **And Shmuel said:** The disgrace with which one should begin his answer is: **We were slaves.**


###### Pesachim 116a:12
[Pesachim 116a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:12)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן לְדָרוּ עַבְדֵּיהּ: עַבְדָּא דְּמַפֵּיק לֵיהּ מָרֵיהּ לְחֵירוּת, וְיָהֵיב לֵיהּ כַּסְפָּא וְדַהֲבָא, מַאי בָּעֵי לְמֵימַר לֵיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בָּעֵי לְאוֹדוֹיֵי וּלְשַׁבּוֹחֵי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: פְּטַרְתַּן מִלּוֹמַר ״מָה נִשְׁתַּנָּה״. פָּתַח וְאָמַר ״עֲבָדִים הָיִינוּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman said to his servant, Daru:** With regard to **a slave who is freed by his master, who gives him gold and silver, what** should **the slave say to him?** Daru **said to him: He must thank and praise** his master. **He said to him:** If so, **you have exempted us from reciting** the questions of: **Why is this** night **different,** as you have stated the essence of the seder night. Rav Naḥman immediately **began to recite: We were slaves.**


###### Pesachim 116a:13
[Pesachim 116a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/116a:13)

**מַתְנִי׳** רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הָיָה אוֹמֵר: כֹּל שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **Rabban Gamliel would say: Anyone who did not say**