## Pesachim Daf 21a

###### Pesachim 21a:1
[Pesachim 21a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:1)

אֵין הַכְרָעַת שְׁלִישִׁית מַכְרַעַת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The decision** of the **third** opinion of Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yosei, is **not** considered **a decision** in this case, as the other two Sages do not raise the issue of a stumbling block at all.


###### Pesachim 21a:2
[Pesachim 21a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:2)

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: מַחְלוֹקֶת שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה סְאָה חוּלִּין טְמֵאִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said:** The **dispute** between Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua with regard to a barrel of *teruma* that broke in an upper press and was flowing down into the lower press applies only to a case **where** one *se’a* of *teruma* **fell into less than one hundred *se’a* of impure, non-sacred** wine in the lower press.


###### Pesachim 21a:3
[Pesachim 21a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:3)

אֲבָל נָפְלָה לְמֵאָה חוּלִּין טְמֵאִין — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל תֵּרֵד וְתִטַּמֵּא, וְאַל יְטַמְּאֶנָּה בַּיָּד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**However,** if the *teruma* wine **fell into one hundred** *se’a* of **ritually impure, non-sacred** produce, **everyone agrees** that the wine should be allowed to **descend and become ritually impure** by itself, **and one** should **not** actively **render it impure with** his **hand.** The reason is that if *teruma* falls into non-sacred produce one hundred times greater in quantity than itself, the *teruma* is nullified by the non-sacred produce, and therefore, it would be permitted for a non-priest to eat it. Although it becomes ritually impure, the legal status of the nullified *teruma* is that of non-sacred produce.


###### Pesachim 21a:4
[Pesachim 21a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:4)

תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה בַּגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְתַחְתֶּיהָ מֵאָה חוּלִּין טְמֵאִין — מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁאִם יָכוֹל לְהַצִּיל מִמֶּנָּה רְבִיעִית בְּטׇהֳרָה — יַצִּיל, וְאִם לָאו — תֵּרֵד וְתִטַּמֵּא וְאַל יְטַמְּאֶנָּה בַּיָּד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **That was also taught** in a *baraita*: With regard to **a barrel of *teruma*** wine **that broke in the upper winepress, and in the lower** press there is **one hundred** times that amount of **ritually impure, non-sacred** wine, **Rabbi Eliezer concedes to Rabbi Yehoshua that if one is able to rescue** even **a quarter-***log* **from** the barrel that broke and keep the wine **in** a state of **ritual purity, he** should **rescue** it. **And** if **not,** one should let the *teruma* wine **descend and become impure** on its own, **but he** should **not** actively **render it impure with** his **hand.**


###### Pesachim 21a:5
[Pesachim 21a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:5)

הַאי ״מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ״, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ! אָמַר רָבָא: אֵיפוֹךְ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
After citing proof for the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, from this source, the Gemara questions the formulation of the *baraita* itself. **This** expression: **Rabbi Eliezer concedes to Rabbi Yehoshua,** is puzzling, as Rabbi Eliezer ruled that one may never directly render the barrel impure. The *baraita* **should** say the opposite: **Rabbi Yehoshua concedes to Rabbi Eliezer,** as it is Rabbi Yehoshua who concedes that one may not render impure the barrel of *teruma* in the upper vat. **Rava said: Reverse** the names, so that it is Rabbi Yehoshua who concedes to Rabbi Eliezer.


###### Pesachim 21a:6
[Pesachim 21a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:6)

רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אָמַר, לְעוֹלָם לָא תֵּיפוֹךְ: הָכָא בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן — בִּכְלִי שֶׁתּוֹכוֹ טָהוֹר וְגַבּוֹ טָמֵא. מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא נִיגְזוֹר דִּילְמָא נָגַע גַּבּוֹ בִּתְרוּמָה, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, said: Actually, do not reverse** the names. Rather, **with what are we dealing here?** We are referring to a case where it is possible to collect the wine only **in a vessel whose interior is ritually pure and whose exterior is impure** by rabbinic law, having become impure through contact with impure liquids. **Lest you say** that **we** should **issue a decree** that one may not rescue even a quarter-*log*, **lest the** vessel’s **exterior touch the *teruma*** and render it impure, the *baraita* **teaches us** that Rabbi Eliezer concedes to Rabbi Yehoshua that despite that concern, it is permitted to rescue a quarter-*log* of pure *teruma*.


###### Pesachim 21a:7
[Pesachim 21a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:7)

**הַדְרָן עֲלָךְ אוֹר לְאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר

**


###### Pesachim 21a:8
[Pesachim 21a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:8)

מַתְנִי׳ **כׇּל שָׁעָה** שֶׁמּוּתָּר לֶאֱכוֹל, מַאֲכִיל לַבְּהֵמָה לַחַיָּה וְלָעוֹפוֹת, וּמוֹכֵר לַנׇּכְרִי, וּמוּתָּר בַּהֲנָאָתוֹ. עָבַר זְמַנּוֹ — אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָתוֹ, וְלֹא יַסִּיק בּוֹ תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אֵין בִּיעוּר חָמֵץ אֶלָּא שְׂרֵיפָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אַף מְפָרֵר וְזוֹרֶה לְרוּחַ אוֹ מֵטִיל לַיָּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** For the **entire time that it is permitted to eat** leavened bread, **one** may also **feed** it **to** his **domesticated animals, to non-domesticated animals, and to birds; and one** may **sell** it **to a gentile; and it is permitted to** derive **benefit from it.** After **its time passes, it is prohibited to** derive **benefit from it, and one may not** even **light an oven or a stove with** leavened bread. With regard to the manner of removal of leavened bread, **Rabbi Yehuda says: The removal of leavened bread is** to be accomplished **only** through **burning. And the Rabbis say:** Burning is not required, as **one** may **even crumble** it **and throw** it **into the wind or cast** it **into the sea.**


###### Pesachim 21a:9
[Pesachim 21a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:9)

**גְּמָ׳** כׇּל שָׁעָה שֶׁמּוּתָּר לֶאֱכוֹל — מַאֲכִיל, הָא כׇּל שָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוּתָּר לֶאֱכוֹל — אֵינוֹ מַאֲכִיל. לֵימָא מַתְנִיתִין דְּלָא כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה. דְּאִי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, הָא אִיכָּא חָמֵשׁ דְּאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל — וּמַאֲכִיל. דִּתְנַן, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: אוֹכְלִין כׇּל חָמֵשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין בִּתְחִלַּת שֵׁשׁ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אוֹכְלִין כׇּל אַרְבַּע, וְתוֹלִין כׇּל חָמֵשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין בִּתְחִלַּת שֵׁשׁ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** The Gemara reads the mishna precisely: For the **entire time that it is permitted to eat** leavened bread, **one** may **feed** it to his animals. **However,** apparently, for the **entire time that it is not permitted to eat** leavened bread, **one** may **not feed** his animals. **Let us say that the mishna is not in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda. As, if** it were in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda, isn’t there** the **fifth** hour, when **one** may **not eat** leavened bread **but one** may **feed** it to his animals? **As we learned** in a mishna that **Rabbi Meir says: One** may **eat** leavened bread on the morning of the fourteenth day of Nisan for **the entire fifth** hour, **and he burns** it **at the beginning of the sixth** hour. **Rabbi Yehuda says: One** may **eat** it for **the entire fourth** hour, **he suspends** his consumption of it for **the entire fifth** hour, **and he burns it at the beginning of the sixth** hour. Apparently, there is an hour in which it is prohibited to eat leavened bread, but it is permitted to feed it to one’s animals.


###### Pesachim 21a:10
[Pesachim 21a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:10)

וְאֶלָּא מַאי, רַבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא? הַאי ״כׇּל שָׁעָה שֶׁמּוּתָּר לֶאֱכוֹל מַאֲכִיל״ — ״כׇּל שָׁעָה שֶׁאוֹכֵל מַאֲכִיל״ מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Rather, what** can be said? This mishna follows the opinion of **Rabbi Meir.** If so, **this** statement: For the **entire time that it is permitted to eat** leavened bread **one** may **feed,** is imprecise. **It should have** said: For the **entire time that one eats** leavened bread **he** may **feed.** As it stands, there is no parallel between the phrase: It is permitted to eat, and the phrase: One may feed. Therefore, it appears that the mishna is referring to two different people or cases.


###### Pesachim 21a:11
[Pesachim 21a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:11)

אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר עוּלָּא: מַתְנִיתִין רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הִיא. דִּתְנַן, רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: חוּלִּין נֶאֱכָלִין כׇּל אַרְבַּע, תְּרוּמָה כׇּל חָמֵשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין בִּתְחִלַּת שֵׁשׁ. וְהָכִי קָאָמַר: כׇּל שָׁעָה שֶׁמּוּתָּר לֶאֱכוֹל כֹּהֵן בִּתְרוּמָה, יִשְׂרָאֵל מַאֲכִיל חוּלִּין לַבְּהֵמָה לַחַיָּה וְלָעוֹפוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba bar Ulla said: The mishna is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabban Gamliel. As we learned** in a mishna that **Rabban Gamliel says: Non-sacred** leavened bread may **be eaten** on the fourteenth of Nisan during **the entire fourth** hour, leavened bread that is ***teruma*** may be eaten during **the entire fifth** hour, **and one burns** the leavened bread **at the beginning of the sixth** hour. **And this is** what the mishna **is saying:** For the **entire time that it is permitted** for **a priest to partake of *teruma*,** although an Israelite may not eat leavened bread at that time, **an Israelite** may **feed non-sacred** food **to** his **domesticated animals, to non-domesticated animals, and to birds.**


###### Pesachim 21a:12
[Pesachim 21a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:12)

לְמָה לִי לְמִיתְנָא בְּהֵמָה, לְמָה לִי לְמִיתְנָא חַיָּה? צְרִיכָא. דְּאִי תְּנָא בְּהֵמָה — דְּאִי מְשַׁיְּירָא חָזֵי לַהּ. אֲבָל חַיָּה, דְּאִי מְשַׁיְּירָא קָמַצְנְעָא לַהּ — אֵימָא לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara continues to read the mishna precisely. The mishna states that one may feed his leavened bread to his domesticated animals, to non-domesticated animals, and to birds. The Gemara asks: **Why do I** need the mishna **to teach** about the case of **domesticated animals, and why do I** need it **to teach** about **non-domesticated animals** as well? The *halakha* should be the same for both cases. The Gemara answers: It is **necessary** to teach us both cases, **as had it taught** only about **domesticated animals,** one would have said that it is permitted feed them **because if** the animal **leaves over** some leavened bread **one will see** what is left over and dispose of it. **However,** with regard to **a non-domesticated animal, if it leaves over** any of the leavened bread, **it hides it** to save for later. Therefore, one could **say** that it is **not** permitted to feed it so close to the time when leavened bread is prohibited.


###### Pesachim 21a:13
[Pesachim 21a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:13)

וְאִי תְּנָא חַיָּה — מִשּׁוּם דְּאִי מְשַׁיְּירָא מִיהַת מַצְנְעָא. אֲבָל בְּהֵמָה, זִימְנִין דִּמְשַׁיְּירָא וְלָא מַסֵּיק אַדַּעְתֵּיהּ, וְקָאֵי עֲלֵיהּ בְּ״בַל יֵרָאֶה וּבְבַל יִמָּצֵא״ — אֵימָא לָא, צְרִיכָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And had it taught** only the case of **a non-domesticated animal,** one might say that it is permitted to feed leavened bread to such an animal **because if it leaves over** any food **in any case it will hide** it, and the owner will not violate the prohibition: It shall not be seen. **However,** with regard to **a domesticated animal, sometimes it leaves over** food, **and it does not enter his mind** that the animal will do so. **And** in that case both prohibitions: **It shall not be seen and it shall not be found,** would **apply to him.** Consequently, one could **say** that it would **not** be permitted for him to feed a domesticated animal. Therefore, **it was necessary** to teach both cases.


###### Pesachim 21a:14
[Pesachim 21a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:14)

עוֹפוֹת לְמָה לִי? אַיְּידֵי דִּתְנָא בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה, תְּנָא נָמֵי עוֹפוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Why do I** need the mishna to mention **birds** as well? The Gemara answers: There is no inherent need to mention birds; however, **since** the mishna **taught** the cases of **domesticated animals and non-domesticated animals, it also taught** the case of **birds,** as these are normally grouped together.


###### Pesachim 21a:15
[Pesachim 21a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21a:15)

וּמוֹכְרוֹ לְגוֹי. פְּשִׁיטָא! לְאַפּוֹקֵי מֵהַאי תַּנָּא דְּתַנְיָא, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים: לֹא יִמְכּוֹר אָדָם חֲמֵצוֹ לְגוֹי אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יוֹדֵעַ בּוֹ שֶׁיִּכְלֶה קוֹדֶם פֶּסַח. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים: כׇּל שָׁעָה שֶׁמּוּתָּר לֶאֱכוֹל — מוּתָּר לִמְכּוֹר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It was stated in the mishna that whenever it is permitted to eat leavened bread, one may also **sell it to a gentile.** The Gemara asks: Isn’t that **obvious,** as the mishna already taught that one may benefit from it? The Gemara answers: This is stated **to exclude** the opinion **of this *tanna*, as it was taught** in a *baraita* that **Beit Shammai say: A person** may **not sell his leavened bread to a gentile unless he knows that** the leavened bread **will be consumed before Passover.** According to Beit Shammai, a person retains some responsibility for his leavened bread even when it is no longer in his possession. **And Beit Hillel say:** For the **entire time that it is permitted** for a Jew **to eat** leavened bread, **it is** also **permitted for him to sell it** to a gentile. The Jew ceases to be responsible for leavened bread sold to a gentile from the moment it is sold.