## Pesachim Daf 21b

###### Pesachim 21b:1
[Pesachim 21b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:1)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר: כּוּתָּח וְכׇל מִינֵי כוּתָּח — אָסוּר לִמְכּוֹר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם קוֹדֶם לַפֶּסַח.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yehuda ben Beteira,** who agrees in principle with Beit Shammai’s opinion, **says:** With regard to ***kutaḥ*,** a dip that contains leavened breadcrumbs, **and all types of *kutaḥ*, it is prohibited to sell** it to a gentile **thirty days before Passover.** Because *kutaḥ* is spicy, people use only a bit at a time, so it will likely last until Passover.


###### Pesachim 21b:2
[Pesachim 21b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:2)

וּמוּתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה. פְּשִׁיטָא! לָא צְרִיכָא שֶׁחֲרָכוֹ קוֹדֶם זְמַנּוֹ. וְקָא מַשְׁמַע לַן כִּדְרָבָא, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: חֲרָכוֹ קוֹדֶם זְמַנּוֹ — מוּתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה אֲפִילּוּ לְאַחַר זְמַנּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It was stated in the mishna that as long as leavened bread may be eaten, **it is permitted to** derive **benefit** from it. The Gemara asks: Isn’t that **obvious?** The Gemara answers: **No, it is necessary to teach this** in a case **where one charred** the leavened bread with fire **before its time,** i.e., before it became prohibited, rendering it inedible. **And it teaches us** that the *halakha* **is in accordance with** the opinion of **Rava. As Rava said:** If one **charred** leavened bread **before its time, it is permitted to** derive **benefit from it even after its time,** since it no longer has the legal status of leavened bread.


###### Pesachim 21b:3
[Pesachim 21b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:3)

עָבַר זְמַנּוֹ אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָתוֹ. פְּשִׁיטָא! לָא צְרִיכָא, לְשָׁעוֹת דְּרַבָּנַן. דְּאָמַר רַב גִּידֵּל אָמַר רַב חִיָּיא בַּר יוֹסֵף אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הַמְקַדֵּשׁ מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה, אֲפִילּוּ בְּחִיטֵּי קוּרְדִּנְיָתָא — אֵין חוֹשְׁשִׁין לְקִדּוּשִׁין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It was stated in the mishna: After **its time passes, it is prohibited to benefit from it.** The Gemara asks: Isn’t that **obvious?** The Gemara answers: **No, it is necessary for** the mishna to teach that it remains prohibited to benefit from leavened bread during additional **hours** that are delineated **by rabbinic law. As Rav Giddel said** that **Rav Ḥiyya bar Yosef said** that **Rabbi Yoḥanan said:** With regard **to one who** takes wheat grains that may have come into contact with water and become leavened and **betroths** a woman with the leaven **from** the beginning of **the sixth hour,** when the leaven is prohibited by rabbinic law, **and onward** on Passover eve, **even** if he betrothed her **with wheat from the mountains,** which is especially hard and unlikely to become leavened, nonetheless, **we are not concerned that** this **betrothal** is valid. This is because when performing a betrothal with money one must give the woman an object worth as least the value of a *peruta*, and leaven from which one is prohibited to benefit is considered worthless.


###### Pesachim 21b:4
[Pesachim 21b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:4)

וְלֹא יַסִּיק בּוֹ תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם. פְּשִׁיטָא! לָא צְרִיכָא, לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה דְּאָמַר אֵין בִּיעוּר חָמֵץ אֶלָּא שְׂרֵיפָה. סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: הוֹאִיל וְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מִצְוָתוֹ בִּשְׂרֵיפָה, בַּהֲדֵי דְּקָא שָׂרֵיף לֵיהּ לִיתְהֲנֵי מִינֵּיהּ, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It was stated in the mishna: **And one may not** even **light an oven or a stove with** leavened bread once it becomes prohibited. The Gemara asks: Isn’t that **obvious,** as this is also a type of benefit? The Gemara answers: **No, it is necessary** to teach this due **to** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda,** who **said** that **the removal of leavened bread is** to be performed only **through burning.** Otherwise, **it could enter your mind to say: Since Rabbi Yehuda said that its mitzva is** performed through **burning, while one is burning it let him benefit from it.** Therefore, **it teaches us** that it is prohibited to benefit from leavened bread even while burning it.


###### Pesachim 21b:5
[Pesachim 21b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:5)

אָמַר חִזְקִיָּה: מִנַּיִן לְחָמֵץ בַּפֶּסַח שֶׁאָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה? שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לֹא יֵאָכֵל חָמֵץ״ — לֹא יְהֵא בּוֹ הֶיתֵּר אֲכִילָה: טַעְמָא דִּכְתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״לֹא יֵאָכֵל חָמֵץ״, הָא לָא כְּתַב ״לֹא יֵאָכֵל״, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: אִיסּוּר אֲכִילָה — מַשְׁמַע, אִיסּוּר הֲנָאָה — לָא מַשְׁמַע.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ḥizkiya said: From where** is it derived in the mishna **that it is prohibited to** derive **benefit from leavened bread on Passover? As it is stated: “Leavened bread shall not be eaten”** (Exodus 13:3). Since the verse uses the passive, it should be understood as follows: **There shall be no permitted consumption of it** at all, even deriving benefit, as benefit could be exchanged for money, which could be used to buy food. The Gemara reads precisely: **The reason** deriving benefit is prohibited **is that the Merciful One writes** in the Torah**: “Leavened bread shall not be eaten.” Had** the Torah **not written: “Shall not be eaten,”** and instead used the active form: You shall not eat, **I would have said** that the **prohibition of eating is implied** but that **the prohibition of** deriving **benefit is not implied.**


###### Pesachim 21b:6
[Pesachim 21b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:6)

וּפְלִיגָא דְּרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לֹא יֵאָכֵל״, ״לֹא תֹאכַל״, ״לֹא תֹאכְלוּ״ — אֶחָד אִיסּוּר אֲכִילָה וְאֶחָד אִיסּוּר הֲנָאָה (מַשְׁמַע), עַד שֶׁיִּפְרֹט לְךָ הַכָּתוּב כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁפָּרַט לְךָ בִּנְבֵילָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **And** this conclusion **disagrees with** the opinion of **Rabbi Abbahu,** as **Rabbi Abbahu said** that **wherever it is stated: “It shall not be eaten,” “You,** singular, **shall not eat,”** or **“You,** plural, **shall not eat,” both a prohibition of eating and a prohibition of** deriving **benefit are implied, unless the verse specifies** that one may benefit, **in the manner that it specified with regard to an** unslaughtered **animal carcass.**


###### Pesachim 21b:7
[Pesachim 21b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:7)

דְּתַנְיָא: ״לֹא תֹאכְלוּ כׇּל נְבֵלָה לַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ תִּתְּנֶנָּה וַאֲכָלָהּ אוֹ מָכֹר לְנׇכְרִי וְגוֹ׳״, אֵין לִי אֶלָּא לַגֵּר בִּנְתִינָה וְלַגּוֹי בִּמְכִירָה. לַגֵּר בִּמְכִירָה מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ תִּתְּנֶנָּה אוֹ מָכֹר״. לַגּוֹי בִּנְתִינָה מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תִּתְּנֶנָּה וַאֲכָלָהּ אוֹ מָכֹר לְנָכְרִי״. נִמְצֵאתָ אוֹמֵר: אֶחָד גֵּר וְאֶחָד גּוֹי, בֵּין בִּמְכִירָה בֵּין בִּנְתִינָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it was taught** in a *baraita*: **“You shall not eat of any unslaughtered animal; you may give it to the resident alien who is within your gates, that he may eat it; or you may sell it to a foreigner;** for you are a sacred people to the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 14:21). **I have** derived **only** that it is permitted **to a resident alien through giving and to a gentile through selling. From where** do I derive that it is permitted **to a resident alien through selling? The verse states: “You may give it to the resident alien who is within your gates…or you may sell it,”** meaning that one has the option to do either of these. **From where is it derived** that it is permitted **to a gentile through giving** and one is not required to sell it to him? **The verse states: “You may give it**…**that he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner.”** Therefore, **you may say** that he may transfer it to **both a resident alien and a gentile, both through giving and through selling.** This is **the statement of Rabbi Meir.**


###### Pesachim 21b:8
[Pesachim 21b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:8)

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דְּבָרִים כִּכְתָבָן: לַגֵּר בִּנְתִינָה וְלַגּוֹי בִּמְכִירָה. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה? אִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ כִּדְאָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, לִיכְתּוֹב רַחֲמָנָא: ״לַגֵּר אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ תִּתְּנֶנָּה וַאֲכָלָהּ וּמָכֹר״. ״אוֹ״ לְמָה לִי? שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ לִדְבָרִים כִּכְתָבָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* concludes: **Rabbi Yehuda says:** These **matters are** meant to be understood **as they are written;** he may transfer an unslaughtered animal carcass **to a resident alien** only **through giving and to a gentile** only **through selling.** The Gemara asks: **What is the reason for** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda?** The Gemara answers: **If it could enter your mind** to understand the verse **in accordance with** that which **Rabbi Meir said, then let the Merciful One write: You may give it to the resident alien who is within your gates that he may eat it and sell it** to a foreigner. **Why do I** need the word **“or”** between these two options? **Learn from it** that **the matters are** to be understood **as they are written.**


###### Pesachim 21b:9
[Pesachim 21b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:9)

וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר? ״אוֹ״ לְהַקְדִּים נְתִינָה דְגֵר לִמְכִירָה דְּגוֹי. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה? הָא לָא צָרִיךְ קְרָא: כֵּיוָן דְּגֵר אַתָּה מְצֻוֶּוה לְהַחְיוֹתוֹ, וְגוֹי אִי אַתָּה מְצֻוֶּוה לְהַחֲיוֹתוֹ, לָא צְרִיךְ קְרָא, סְבָרָא הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** how does **Rabbi Meir** explain the formulation of the verse? The Gemara answers that Rabbi Meir would explain that the word **“or”** teaches one **to give precedence to giving to a resident alien over selling to a gentile.** The Gemara asks: **And** from where does **Rabbi Yehuda** derive this *halakha*? According to Rabbi Yehuda, **this** matter **does not need a verse, since you are commanded to sustain a resident alien,** as it is a mitzva for one to sustain a resident alien who has renounced idol worship, **and you are not commanded to sustain a gentile. There is no need for a verse** to teach this; **it is** based on a **logical inference.**


###### Pesachim 21b:10
[Pesachim 21b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:10)

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר, דְּאָמַר: אֶחָד גֵּר וְאֶחָד גּוֹי, בֵּין בִּמְכִירָה בֵּין בִּנְתִינָה. מִדְּאִיצְטְרִיךְ קְרָא לְמִישְׁרֵא נְבֵילָה בַּהֲנָאָה — הָא כׇּל אִיסּוּרִין שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה אֲסוּרִין בֵּין בַּאֲכִילָה בֵּין בַּהֲנָאָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara applies this discussion to the previously mentioned topic. **Granted,** Rabbi Abbahu’s opinion is reasonable **according to Rabbi Meir, who said** that one may transfer an animal carcass **to both a convert and a gentile, both through selling and through giving. From** the fact that **a verse was necessary to permit** one to derive **benefit from an animal carcass,** one can learn that with regard to **all** other **prohibitions in the Torah** about which it states only that one may not eat an item, **it is prohibited both to eat it and to derive benefit from it.**


###### Pesachim 21b:11
[Pesachim 21b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/21b:11)

אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּאָמַר: לִדְבָרִים כִּכְתָבָן הוּא דַּאֲתָא — הָא כׇּל אִיסּוּרִים שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה מְנָא לֵיהּ דַּאֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה? נָפְקָא לֵיהּ מִ״לַּכֶּלֶב תַּשְׁלִיכוּן אֹתוֹ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**However, according to Rabbi Yehuda, who said** that the word “or” **comes to** teach that the **matters are** to be understood **as they are written, from where does he derive** with regard to **all prohibitions** of eating **mentioned in the Torah that it is prohibited to** derive **benefit** as well? The Gemara answers: **He derives it** from another verse. It is stated with regard to an animal with a condition that will cause it to die within twelve months [*tereifa*]: “And you shall be sacred men to Me, therefore you shall not eat any flesh that is torn of beasts in the field; **you shall cast it to the dogs”** (Exodus 22:30).