## Pesachim Daf 39b

###### Pesachim 39b:1
[Pesachim 39b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:1)

עֲרוּגָה שֶׁהִיא שִׁשָּׁה עַל שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים — זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ חֲמִשָּׁה זֵרְעוֹנִין, אַרְבַּע — עַל אַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הָעֲרוּגָה, וְאַחַת בָּאֶמְצַע. מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: הָנֵי מִילֵּי בִּזְרָעִין, אֲבָל בִּירָקוֹת — לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to a garden **bed that is six by six handbreadths** in area, **one** may **plant in it five** different types of **seeds, four** types **on the four sides of the bed and one** type **in the middle.** This mishna teaches that it is permitted to plant different types of seeds in one garden bed, provided that one maintains the appropriate distance between them. The Gemara explains: Rav’s statement is nevertheless necessary. **Lest you say** that **that applies only to seeds, but with regard to vegetables, no,** it is prohibited to plant them in a single garden bed even if this separation is maintained, Rava **teaches us** that it is permitted to plant in this manner with vegetables as well.


###### Pesachim 39b:2
[Pesachim 39b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:2)

לְמֵימְרָא דִּירָקוֹת אַלִּימָא מִזְּרָעִים? וְהָתְנַן: כׇּל מִינֵי זְרָעִים אֵין זוֹרְעִין בַּעֲרוּגָה אַחַת, כׇּל מִינֵי יְרָקוֹת זוֹרְעִין בַּעֲרוּגָה אַחַת! מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא הָנֵי מָרוֹר מִין זְרָעִים נִינְהוּ, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Is that to say that vegetables are stronger** in the level of their prohibition **than seeds? But didn’t we learn** in a mishna in *Kilayim*: With regard to **multiple types of seeds, one** may **not plant** them together **in one** garden **bed,** even if there is space between them; **however,** with regard to **multiple types of vegetables, one** may **plant** them together **in one bed?** This mishna apparently indicates that the *halakha* is stricter concerning seeds. The Gemara answers: Rav’s statement is necessary. **Lest you say** that **these bitter herbs are a type of seed,** not a vegetable, and therefore it is prohibited to plant them in a bed with other seeds, Rav **teaches us** that all the various bitter herbs are classified as types of vegetables.


###### Pesachim 39b:3
[Pesachim 39b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:3)

זְרָעִים סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ? וְהָא תְּנַן — יְרָקוֹת, וְתָנֵי בַּר קַפָּרָא — יְרָקוֹת, וְתָנֵי דְּבֵי שְׁמוּאֵל — יְרָקוֹת! חֲזֶרֶת אִיצְטְרִיכָא לֵיהּ. סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: הוֹאִיל וְסוֹפָהּ לְהַקְשׁוֹת — נִיתֵּיב לַהּ רַוְוחָא טְפֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Could it** even **enter your mind** that bitter herbs are types of **seeds? But didn’t we learn** the word **vegetables** in a mishna? **And bar Kappara** likewise **taught: Vegetables. And** furthermore, the Sage of **the school of Shmuel taught: Vegetables.** The Gemara explains: It was **necessary for** Rav to mention the status of ***ḥazeret*. It could enter your mind to say** that **since** *ḥazeret* **ultimately hardens** into a type of seed, **one** must therefore **give it more space** in a garden bed than other vegetables. Rav’s statement indicates that this is not the case.


###### Pesachim 39b:4
[Pesachim 39b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:4)

לָאו אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא, קֶלַח שֶׁל כְּרוּב שֶׁהוּקְשָׁה מַרְחִיבִין לוֹ בֵּית רוֹבַע! אַלְמָא: כֵּיוָן דְּסוֹפוֹ לְהַקְשׁוֹת יָהֲבִינַן לֵיהּ רַוְוחָא טְפֵי, הָכָא נָמֵי נִיתֵּיב לַהּ רַוְוחָא טְפֵי, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara offers support for this contention: **Didn’t Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, say:** With regard to **a stalk of cabbage that has hardened, one** must **allow a *beit rova*** of space **for it,** in which no other seeds may be planted. **Apparently, since it will ultimately harden, one** must **give it more space. Here too,** in the case of the *ḥazeret*, it might have been thought that **one** is required to **give it more space.** Therefore, Rava **teaches us** that all types of bitter herbs, even lettuce, may be planted together in one bed without leaving additional space between each species.


###### Pesachim 39b:5
[Pesachim 39b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:5)

יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן בֵּין לַחִין בֵּין יְבֵשִׁין כּוּ׳. אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא בַּקֶּלַח, אֲבָל בֶּעָלִין, לַחִין — אִין, יְבֵשִׁין — לָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna taught that one can **fulfill** his **obligation** to eat bitter herbs **with** these types of vegetables, **whether** they are **fresh** or **whether** they are **dried. Rav Ḥisda said: They taught** this *halakha* **only** with regard **to the stem. However,** with regard **to the leaves,** if they are **moist, yes,** they may be used as bitter herbs, but if they are **dry, no,** they may not serve as bitter herbs.


###### Pesachim 39b:6
[Pesachim 39b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:6)

וְהָא מִדְּקָתָנֵי סֵיפָא ״בַּקֶּלַח שֶׁלָּהֶן״, מִכְלָל דְּרֵישָׁא עָלִין? פָּרוֹשֵׁי קָא מְפָרֵשׁ: כִּי קָתָנֵי בֵּין לַחִין בֵּין יְבֵשִׁין — אַקֶּלַח.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But from** the fact **that it is taught** in **the last clause** of the mishna: **In their stems,** it may **be inferred that the first clause** of the mishna refers to the **leaves.** The Gemara answers: The *tanna* **is explaining** his statement in the first clause of the mishna: **When** he **taught** that one may eat herbs **whether** they are **fresh** or **whether dried,** the *tanna* was referring **to the stem,** not the leaves.


###### Pesachim 39b:7
[Pesachim 39b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:7)

מֵיתִיבִי: יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן וּבַקֶּלַח שֶׁלָּהֶן, בֵּין לַחִין בֵּין יְבֵשִׁין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: לַחִין — יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן, יְבֵשִׁין — אֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן. וְשָׁוִין שֶׁיּוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן כְּמוּשִׁין. אֲבָל לֹא כְּבוּשִׁין וְלֹא שְׁלוּקִין וְלֹא מְבוּשָּׁלִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from a *baraita*: One can **fulfill** the obligation **with** the bitter herbs themselves **or with their stems, whether** they are **fresh** or **whether** they are **dried;** this is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say:** With regard to **fresh** bitter herbs, one can **fulfill** his obligation **with them;** however, with regard to **dry** bitter herbs, one **cannot fulfill** the obligation **with them. And everyone agrees that** one can **fulfill** his obligation **with them** if they are **withered** and are no longer fresh. **However,** one may **neither** use bitter herbs that have been **pickled, nor over-boiled, nor boiled.**


###### Pesachim 39b:8
[Pesachim 39b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:8)

כְּלָלוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר: כֹּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ טַעַם מָרוֹר — יוֹצְאִין בּוֹ, וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ טַעַם מָרוֹר — אֵין יוֹצְאִין בּוֹ. תַּרְגּוּמָא אַקֶּלַח. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵין יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן כְּמוּשִׁין. מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק אָמְרוּ: יוֹצְאִין בָּהֶן כְּמוּשִׁין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **The principle is: Anything that has the taste of bitter herbs,** one can **fulfill** his obligation **with it; but anything that does not have the taste of bitter herbs, one cannot fulfill** his obligation **with it.** This *baraita* indicates that neither Rabbi Meir nor the Rabbis distinguish between the leaves of these herbs and their stems. The Gemara answers: **Interpret** Rabbi Meir’s statement, that one can fulfill the obligation with both fresh and dried bitter herbs, as referring **to the stem** but not to the leaves. **The Sages taught:** One **cannot fulfill** the obligation **with them** when they are **withered. They said in the name of Rabbi Eliezer, son of Rabbi Tzadok:** One can **fulfill** his obligation **with them** even when they are **withered.**


###### Pesachim 39b:9
[Pesachim 39b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:9)

בָּעֵי רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא: מַהוּ שֶׁיֵּצֵא אָדָם יְדֵי חוֹבָתוֹ בְּמָרוֹר שֶׁל מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם? אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא לָא תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ: הַשְׁתָּא בְּמַצָּה דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא נָפֵיק, בְּמָרוֹר דְּרַבָּנַן מִיבַּעְיָא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rami bar Ḥama raised a dilemma: What is** the *halakha* with regard to the possibility **that a person** can **fulfill his obligation with bitter herbs of second-tithe** produce **in Jerusalem? In accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Akiva,** who permits one to fulfill the obligation to eat *matza* with second-tithe produce because it can be eaten anywhere if it becomes ritually impure, **do not raise this dilemma. Now** that it has been mentioned that in the case **of *matza*,** where the obligation applies **by Torah** law, one can **fulfill** his **obligation** with second tithe in this manner, **is** it **necessary** to mention that one can use second tithe for **bitter herbs, which** nowadays applies **by rabbinic** law, as there is no Paschal lamb?


###### Pesachim 39b:10
[Pesachim 39b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:10)

כִּי תִּיבְּעֵי לָךְ אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, מַאי? בְּמַצָּה דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא הוּא דְּלָא נָפֵיק, אֲבָל מָרוֹר דְּרַבָּנַן נָפֵיק?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**When you raise the dilemma,** it is **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yosei HaGelili,** who maintains that one cannot fulfill his obligation with *matza* of second-tithe produce. **What is** the *halakha* with regard to bitter herbs? The Gemara explains the two sides of this dilemma: Does Rabbi Yosei HaGelili say **it is** only **with regard to *matza*** of second-tithe produce, where the obligation applies **by Torah** law, that one does **not fulfill** the mitzva; **however,** with **bitter herbs,** a mitzva that applies **by rabbinic** la**w,** one can **fulfill** his obligation with this second-tithe produce?


###### Pesachim 39b:11
[Pesachim 39b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:11)

אוֹ דִילְמָא: כׇּל דְּתַקִּינוּ רַבָּנַן — כְּעֵין דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא תַּקּוּן. אָמַר רָבָא: מִסְתַּבְּרָא מַצָּה וּמָרוֹר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Or perhaps, everything that the Sages instituted, they instituted** in a manner **similar** to the model provided **by Torah** law. If this principle is accepted, it would mean the following: Just as one may not use second-tithe produce for *matza*, so too, one may not use second tithe as bitter herbs, despite the fact that the obligation to eat them is rabbinic. **Rava said: It stands to reason** that since the verse juxtaposes ***matza* and bitter herbs,** similar restrictions apply to both mitzvot. Consequently, just as according to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili one cannot use second-tithe produce for *matza*, so too, one cannot use this produce for bitter herbs.


###### Pesachim 39b:12
[Pesachim 39b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:12)

**מַתְנִי׳** אֵין שׁוֹרִין אֶת הַמּוּרְסָן לְתַרְנְגוֹלִים, אֲבָל חוֹלְטִין. הָאִשָּׁה לֹא תִּשְׁרֶה אֶת הַמּוּרְסָן שֶׁתּוֹלִיךְ בְּיָדָהּ לַמֶּרְחָץ, אֲבָל שָׁפָה הִיא בִּבְשָׂרָהּ יָבֵשׁ. לֹא יִלְעוֹס אָדָם חִיטִּין וְיַנִּיחַ עַל מַכָּתוֹ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מַחְמִיצוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One** may **not soak coarse bran for** feeding **chickens,** lest it be leavened. **However, one** may **pour boiling water** onto the bran before feeding it to the chickens, as it will not become leavened from this brief exposure to water. **A woman** may **not soak coarse bran to bring by hand to the bathhouse** for use as a cleanser; **however, she** may **rub** coarse bran **on her dry skin.** Likewise, the Sages said: **A person** may **not chew wheat and place it on his wound, due to** the fact **that** the wheat **will be leavened** from the saliva and his chewing.


###### Pesachim 39b:13
[Pesachim 39b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:13)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵלּוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁאֵין בָּאִין לִידֵי חִימּוּץ: הָאָפוּי, וְהַמְבוּשָּׁל, וְחָלוּט שֶׁחֲלָטוֹ בְּרוֹתְחִין. מְבוּשָּׁל? אַדִּמְבַשֵּׁל לֵיהּ, מַחְמַע! אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: הָאָפוּי שֶׁבִּישְּׁלוֹ קָאָמַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught: The following** foods **do not come to** a state of **leavening:** Foods that have already been **baked, or boiled, or over-boiled in hot water.** With regard to the statement that **boiled** food will not become leavened, the Gemara asks: Why not? **When it is boiled it will become leavened.** The Gemara answers that **Rav Pappa said:** The *tanna* merely **said** that if **it was** first **baked and** afterward **boiled,** it will not be leavened; however, if it was initially boiled it will become leavened.


###### Pesachim 39b:14
[Pesachim 39b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:14)

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: קֶמַח שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ דֶּלֶף, אֲפִילּוּ כׇּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ — אֵינוֹ בָּא לִידֵי חִימּוּץ, אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: וְהוּא דְּעָבֵיד טִיף לַהֲדֵי טִיף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says:** In the case of **flour into which** water is **dripping, even** if the water drips **the entire day** the flour **will not come to** a state of **leavening,** as the ceaseless dripping prevents fermentation. **Rav Pappa said: And that is** the case only **if one drop drips into the other,** i.e., the dripping is continuous, preventing the mixture from settling.


###### Pesachim 39b:15
[Pesachim 39b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:15)

אָמְרִי דְּבֵי רַבִּי שֵׁילָא: וָתִיקָא שְׁרֵי. וְהָתַנְיָא וָתִיקָא אָסוּר?! לָא קַשְׁיָא: הָא — דְּעַבְדֵיהּ בְּמִישְׁחָא וּמִילְחָא, הָא — דְּעַבְדֵיהּ בְּמַיָּא וּמִילְחָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The school of Rabbi Sheila say: *Vatika*,** a pastry prepared from a mixture of different liquids, is **permitted** on Passover. The Gemara raises a difficulty: **But wasn’t it taught** in a *baraita* that ***vatika* is forbidden?** The Gemara answers: This is **not difficult. This** *baraita*, which states that *vatika* is permitted, is referring to a case **in which it was prepared with oil and salt,** whereas **that** *baraita* forbade *vatika* **prepared with water and salt,** as that dish will become leavened.


###### Pesachim 39b:16
[Pesachim 39b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/39b:16)

אָמַר מָר זוּטְרָא: לָא לִימַחֵי אִינִישׁ קִדְרָא בְּקִמְחָא דַאֲבִישֻׁנָא, דִּילְמָא לָא בְּשִׁיל שַׁפִּיר, וְאָתֵי לִידֵי חִימּוּץ. אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: לָא לִיחְלוֹט אִינִישׁ

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Mar Zutra said: A person should not line** the edge **of a pot with roasted flour, lest** some of the flour **was not properly roasted and it will come to** a state of **leavening** in the pot. **Rav Yosef said: A person should not scald**