## Pesachim Daf 48b

###### Pesachim 48b:1
[Pesachim 48b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:1)

חֲמֵשֶׁת רְבָעִים קֶמַח וְעוֹד — חַיָּיבִין בַּחַלָּה. הָכִי קָאָמַר, קַבָּא מְלוֹגְנָאֵי נָמֵי אַהַאי שִׁיעוּרָא קָאֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Dough made from **five-quarters** of a ***log*** of **flour and** a bit **more obligates** one to separate ***ḥalla*?** The Gemara answers that **this is** what Rav **is saying: A *kav* from Melogna is the same measure as this,** as it is not a regular *kav* but a larger measure, identical to the amount from which one is required to separate *ḥalla*.


###### Pesachim 48b:2
[Pesachim 48b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:2)

אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: הָנֵי נְשֵׁי דִידַן נְהוּג לְמֵיפָא קְפִיזָא קְפִיזָא לְפִיסְחָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: מַאי דַּעְתָּיךְ, לְחוּמְרָא? חוּמְרָא דְּאָתֵי לִידֵי קוּלָּא הוּא, דְּקָא מַפְקַע לַהּ מֵחַלָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yosef said: These women of our** family **ordinarily bake *kefiza*** by ***kefiza*,** i.e., three-quarters of a *log* at a time, **on Passover,** since it is easier to prevent small quantities of dough from becoming leavened. **Abaye said to him: What is your opinion?** Do you tell them to do this in order to be **stringent? That** is **a stringency that leads to a leniency, as** by working with small quantities **one removes** the dough **from** the obligation to separate ***ḥalla*.**


###### Pesachim 48b:3
[Pesachim 48b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:3)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דְּעָבְדָן כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, (דְּתַנְיָא,) רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: הָרוֹדֶה וְנוֹתֵן לַסַּל — הַסַּל מְצָרְפָן לַחַלָּה. וְאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Yosef **said to him: They do** separate *ḥalla* from the dough, **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer. As it was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Eliezer says: One who removes** loaves of bread from an oven **and places them in a basket, the basket combines them to** reach the quantity from which one is required to separate ***ḥalla*,** even if each of the loaves would not attain the necessary measure for separating *ḥalla* on their own. **And Rav Yehuda said** that **Shmuel said:** The ***halakha* is in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer.** Therefore, the women of Rav Yosef’s household would put all the finished *matzot* into a basket and separate *ḥalla* from them.


###### Pesachim 48b:4
[Pesachim 48b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:4)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְהָא אִיתְּמַר עֲלַהּ, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁל בָּבֶל שֶׁנּוֹשְׁכוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ, אֲבָל כְּעָכִין — לָא. הָא אִיתְּמַר עֲלַהּ, אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: אֲפִילּוּ כְּעָכִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Abaye **said to him: But wasn’t it stated with regard to** that *baraita* that **Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: They taught** that a basket combines the loaves **only** with regard to **Babylonian loaves that bite from one another.** In other words, the loaves are slightly attached, and when one separates them, a bit from one loaf comes off with the other loaf. **However,** it does **not** apply **to** long, **rod-like loaves** [***ke’akhin***] that were baked separately. Therefore, that principle cannot be applied to the case discussed here, in which each batch of *matza* was baked on its own. Rav Yosef answered: **Wasn’t it stated with regard to** that *baraita* that **Rabbi Ḥanina said:** The *halakha* is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer **even with regard to** long, **rod-like loaves?** This indicates that Rav Yosef accepted the view of Rabbi Ḥanina.


###### Pesachim 48b:5
[Pesachim 48b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:5)

בָּעֵי רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לְבִזְבְּזִין מַהוּ? תּוֹךְ כְּלִי בָּעֵינַן, וְהָא לֵיכָּא. אוֹ דִילְמָא — אֲוִיר כְּלִי בָּעֵינַן, וְהָא אִיכָּא. תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
In light of this discussion, **Rabbi Yirmeya raised a dilemma:** With regard to **a board without a rim [*levizbezin*], what is** the *halakha*? Is it considered to be a vessel that combines loaves baked separately into one unit with regard to *ḥalla*? **Do we require the inside of the vessel** in order to combine the loaves, **and that is lacking,** since the board is flat rather than concave? **Or perhaps we require the airspace of the vessel, and that is** present in this case? The Gemara concludes: **Let it stand** unresolved.


###### Pesachim 48b:6
[Pesachim 48b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:6)

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: הַסַּל מְצָרְפָן. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: תַּנּוּר מְצָרְפָן. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁל בָּבֶל שֶׁנּוֹשְׁכוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ מִצְטָרְפוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Eliezer says: A basket combines** different loaves placed in it with regard to the obligation to separate *ḥalla*. **Rabbi Yehoshua says: An oven combines them. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Babylonian loaves that bite from one another are combined;** however, if the loaves are connected to any lesser degree, e.g., if they are together in an oven or basket, they are not considered combined for the purpose of separating *ḥalla*.


###### Pesachim 48b:7
[Pesachim 48b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:7)

**מַתְנִי׳** רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר: שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִׁים לָשׁוֹת כְּאַחַת וְאוֹפוֹת בְּתַנּוּר אֶחָד, זוֹ אַחַר זוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **Rabban Gamliel says: Three women may knead** their dough **as one,** meaning at one time, **and bake** the batches of dough **in one oven, one after the other,** and they need not be concerned that their dough will become leavened while they are waiting to use the oven.


###### Pesachim 48b:8
[Pesachim 48b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:8)

וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִׁים עוֹסְקוֹת בְּבָצֵק כְּאַחַת, אַחַת לָשָׁה, וְאַחַת עוֹרֶכֶת, וְאַחַת אוֹפָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And the Rabbis say: Three women** may be **engaged** in preparing **dough as one,** in the following manner: **One kneads** her dough as another **one arranges** her own dough so it takes the form of *matza*, while another **one bakes** her dough.


###### Pesachim 48b:9
[Pesachim 48b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:9)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: לֹא כׇּל הַנָּשִׁים וְלֹא כׇּל הָעֵצִים וְלֹא כׇּל הַתַּנּוּרִים שָׁוִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל: תָּפַח — תִּלְטוֹשׁ בְּצוֹנֵן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Akiva says: Not all women, not all wood, and not all ovens are the same,** and therefore no set rules should be established. Rather, **this is the principle:** If the dough begins to **rise, she** should **spread cold** water in which she immersed her hands, onto the dough, in order to stop the leavening process.


###### Pesachim 48b:10
[Pesachim 48b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:10)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן. לָשָׁה, הִיא מְקַטֶּפֶת, וַחֲבֶירְתָּהּ לָשָׁה תַּחְתֶּיהָ. מְקַטֶּפֶת, הִיא אוֹפָה, וַחֲבֶירְתָּהּ מְקַטֶּפֶת תַּחְתֶּיהָ, וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית לָשָׁה. אוֹפָה הִיא, לָשָׁה, וַחֲבֶירְתָּהּ אוֹפָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ, וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית מְקַטֶּפֶת, וְחוֹזְרֹת חֲלִילָה. כׇּל זְמַן שֶׁעוֹסְקוֹת בַּבָּצֵק — אֵינוֹ בָּא לִידֵי חִימּוּץ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: When the woman who **kneads** first completes her kneading, **she arranges** her dough **and another** woman **kneads in her place.** When the first woman finishes **arranging** her dough, **she bakes and another** woman **arranges** her dough **in her place, and the third** woman **kneads** her dough. When the first woman finishes **baking, she kneads** the dough for her next batch, **and another** woman **bakes in her place, and the third** woman **arranges** her dough, **and they continue in turn. As long as they are engaged** in handling **the dough, it will not become leavened.**


###### Pesachim 48b:11
[Pesachim 48b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:11)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר לֹא כׇּל הַנָּשִׁים וְכוּ׳. תַּנְיָא, אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: דַּנְתִּי לִפְנֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, יְלַמְּדֵינוּ רַבֵּינוּ בְּנָשִׁים זְרִיזוֹת אוֹ בְּנָשִׁים שֶׁאֵין זְרִיזוֹת? בְּעֵצִים לַחִים אוֹ בְּעֵצִים יְבֵשִׁים? בְּתַנּוּר חַם אוֹ בְּתַנּוּר צוֹנֵן? אָמַר לִי: אֵין לְךָ אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁשָּׁנוּ חֲכָמִים, זֶה הַכְּלָל: תָּפַח — תִּלְטוֹשׁ בְּצוֹנֵן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
It was taught in the mishna that **Rabbi Akiva says** that **not all women,** not all wood, and not all ovens are the same. **It was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Akiva said: I deliberated** this matter **before Rabban Gamliel,** asking: **May our master teach us** if your statement, cited in the mishna, was said **with regard to diligent women or women who are not diligent?** Was it said **with regard to** an oven fueled with **moist wood or dry wood?** Was it said **with regard to a hot oven or a cold oven?** Rabban Gamliel himself **said to me: You have only what the Sages taught,** which is that **this is the principle:** If the dough begins to **rise** such that there is a concern that it may become leavened, **she should spread cold** water **onto** the dough to prevent it from becoming leavened.


###### Pesachim 48b:12
[Pesachim 48b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:12)

**מַתְנִי׳** שִׂיאוּר — יִשָּׂרֵף, וְהָאוֹכְלוֹ פָּטוּר. סִידּוּק — יִשָּׂרֵף, וְהָאוֹכְלוֹ חַיָּיב כָּרֵת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** Dough at the beginning of the leavening process [***siur***], must **be burned, but one who eats it is exempt** from the punishment of *karet* because the dough had not become fully leavened. Dough that has reached the stage of **cracking** must **be burned, and one who eats it** intentionally **is liable to** receive ***karet*,** as he has intentionally eaten leavened bread during Passover.


###### Pesachim 48b:13
[Pesachim 48b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:13)

אֵיזֶהוּ שִׂיאוּר? כְּקַרְנֵי חֲגָבִים. סִידּוּק — שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ סְדָקִין זֶה בָּזֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: זֶה וְזֶה — הָאוֹכְלוֹ חַיָּיב כָּרֵת. וְאֵיזֶהוּ שִׂיאוּר? כׇּל שֶׁהִכְסִיפוּ פָּנָיו כְּאָדָם שֶׁעָמְדוּ שַׂעֲרוֹתָיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**What is** considered ***siur*?** Dough that has been leavened to the point that it has cracks that look **like the antennae of locusts.** The stage of **cracking** occurs later in the leavening process, **when the cracks intermingle.** This is **the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. And the Rabbis say: One who** intentionally **eats** either **this or that,** dough with cracks like locust antennae or with cracks that have become intermingled, **is liable** to receive ***karet*,** as once dough begins to crack it has certainly become leavened. **And what is *siur*?** It is any dough **whose surface has becomes pale** like the face of **a person whose hair stands** on end due to fear.


###### Pesachim 48b:14
[Pesachim 48b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:14)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵיזֶהוּ שִׂיאוּר? כׇּל שֶׁהִכְסִיפוּ פָּנָיו כְּאָדָם שֶׁעָמְדוּ שַׂעֲרוֹתָיו. סִידּוּק — כְּקַרְנֵי חֲגָבִים, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵיזֶהוּ שִׂיאוּר? כְּקַרְנֵי חֲגָבִים. סִידּוּק — שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ סְדָקִין זֶה בָּזֶה. וְזֶה וָזֶה — הָאוֹכְלוֹ חַיָּיב כָּרֵת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught: What is *siur*?** It is **any** dough **whose surface has become pale** like the face of **a person whose hair stands** on end due to fear. **Cracking** is considered to have occurred when cracks **like the antennae of locusts** appear. This is **the statement of Rabbi Meir. And the Rabbis say: What is *siur*?** It is when the dough forms cracks **like the antennae of locusts,** and **cracking** is **when the cracks intermingle. And one who** intentionally **eats** either **this or that is liable** to receive ***karet*.**


###### Pesachim 48b:15
[Pesachim 48b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:15)

וְהָאֲנַן תְּנַן: שִׂיאוּר יִשָּׂרֵף, וְהָאוֹכְלוֹ פָּטוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. אֵימָא: לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר, זֶה וָזֶה הָאוֹכְלוֹ חַיָּיב כָּרֵת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But didn’t we learn** in the mishna that ***siur* must be burned but** that **one who eats it is exempt** from *karet*; this is **the statement of Rabbi Yehuda.** The opinion attributed to the Rabbis in the *baraita* appears to be the same as that which is attributed to Rabbi Yehuda in the mishna, but according to Rabbi Yehuda, one who eats *siur* is exempt from *karet*. The Gemara answers: **Say** that the *baraita* should be understood in the following manner: **According to** the opinion of **Rabbi Meir,** whose opinion was mentioned previously, **one who** intentionally **eats** either **this or that is liable** to receive ***karet*,** whereas according to the Rabbis he is exempt.


###### Pesachim 48b:16
[Pesachim 48b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/48b:16)

אָמַר רָבָא: מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר — אֵין לָךְ כׇּל סֶדֶק וָסֶדֶק מִלְּמַעְלָה שֶׁאֵין לוֹ כַּמָּה סְדָקִים מִלְּמַטָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said: What is the reason for** the opinion of **Rabbi Meir?** It is that **there is no crack above that does not have several cracks below.** Therefore, even if only one small crack appears on the surface, it is a sign that the inside of the dough is filled with cracks and has become leavened.